scholarly journals Working Speed Analysis of the Gear-Driven Dibbling Mechanism of a 2.6 kW Walking-Type Automatic Pepper Transplanter

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Md Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Md Nafiul Islam ◽  
Milon Chowdhury ◽  
Sumaiya Islam ◽  
Tusan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Supply Mechanism ◽  
Mulch Film ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Free Falling

The development of an automatic walking-type pepper transplanter could be effective in improving the mechanization rate in pepper cultivation, where the dibbling mechanism plays a vital role and determines planting performance and efficiency. The objective of this research was to determine a suitable working speed for a gear-driven dibbling mechanism appropriate for a pepper transplanter, while considering agronomic transplanting requirements. The proposed dibbling mechanism consisted of two dibbling hoppers that simultaneously collected free-falling seedlings from the supply mechanism and dibbled them into soil. To enable the smooth collection and plantation of pepper seedlings, analysis was carried out via a mathematical working trajectory model of the dibbling mechanism, virtual prototype simulation, and validation tests, using a physical prototype. In the mathematical model analysis and simulation, a 300 mm/s forward speed of the transplanter and a 60 rpm rotational speed of the dibbling mechanism were preferable in terms of seedling uprightness and low mulch film damage. During the field test, transplanting was conducted at a 40 mm planting depth, using different forward speed levels. Seedlings were freely supplied to the hopper from a distance of 80 mm, and the success rate for deposition was 96.79%. A forward speed of 300 mm/s with transplanting speed of 120 seedlings/min was preferable in terms of achieving a high degree of seedling uprightness (90 ± 3.26), a low rate of misplanting (8.19%), a low damage area on mulch film (2341.95 ± 2.89 mm2), high uniformity of planting depth (39.74 ± 0.48 mm), and low power consumption (40.91 ± 0.97 W).

scholarly journals Tracking Accuracy of Strategic Intelligence Forecasts: Findings from a Long-Term Canadian Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mandel ◽  
Daniel Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Strategic Intelligence ◽  
Intelligence Assessment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Verbal Probability ◽  
High Degree

Forecasting plays a vital role in intelligence assessment and contributes to national security decision-making by improving strategic foresight. Remarkably, most intelligence organizations do not proactively track their forecasting accuracy and, therefore, do not know how accurate their forecasts are or what types of biases intelligence analysts (or organizations) might exhibit. We review research on geopolitical forecasting and a roughly decade-long program of research to assess the accuracy of strategic intelligence forecasts produced by and for the Government of Canada. This research is described in three phases corresponding to previously published research, following which novel analyses (drawing from the data used in the earlier phases) are reported. The findings reveal a high degree of forecasting accuracy as well as significant underconfidence. These results were evident regardless of whether analysts assigned numeric probabilities to their forecasts. However, the novel analyses clarified that there is a substantial cost to accuracy if end-users rely on their own interpretations of verbal probability terms used in the forecasts. We recommend that intelligence organizations proactively track forecasting accuracy as a means of supporting accountability and organizational learning. We also recommend that intelligence organizations use numeric probabilities in forecasts as a means of improving intelligence producer-consumer agreement in the interpretation of forecasts and other probabilistic assessments.

A Machine learning-based prediction model for the heart diseases from chance factors through two-variable decision tree classifier

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. M. Chu ◽  
Y. A. Khan ◽  
Z. Y. Khan ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Decision Tree Classifier ◽  
Mining Technique ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Tree Classifier ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Direct Results

This paper addressed the prediction of heart sicknesses from hazard elements through a decision-making tree. We introduced the facts mining technique in public fitness to extract high-degree knowledge from raw data, which facilitates predicting heart diseases from risk factors and their prevention. The existing work intends to introduce a new risk element in heart diseases using novel data mining strategies. Latest actual international affected person’s information (e.g., smoking, area of residence, age, weight, blood stress, chest pain, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), block arteries became accrued by way of the use of questionnaire through direct interview technique from patients. Novel two-variable decision trees are constructed for coronary heart illness records primarily based on chance factors and ranking of risk elements. The results show a correct prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the risk factor if records on chance factors are available as direct results of this study, tobacco, loss of physical exercise, and weight-reduction plan play a vital role in predicting heart diseases, which is the most important reason for mortality in developing countries, especially in my country.

Student perceptions of Career Development and Employment Services in Tafe

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
National Study ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
High Degree

Career development and employment services in TAFE perform a vital role in terms of providing students with information to make appropriate course and career choices, opportunities to gain work experience, and access to alternative sources of income. This article analyses the findings of a national study of student perceptions of career development and employment services in TAFE. The survey results show that although students rate career development and employment services among the 12 most important support services in TAFE, there is a high degree of dissatisfaction with the current level and quality of provision. The article argues that a significant improvement is required in the provision of career development and employment services if the vocational needs of TAFE students are to be satisfied and student wastage is to be minimised.

Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Sn-Zn Alloy Sheets Processed by Extrusion and Hot Rolling

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Gen Tao Gao ◽  
Dan Fang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Recrystallization Texture ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Extrusion Ratio ◽  
Zn Addition ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Zn Alloy ◽  
Strain Hardening Rate

Mg-5Sn alloys containing different Zn contents (Zn=1, 2, 3; wt.%) were extruded at 380°C with a extrusion ratio of 29, rolled at 400°C with a total rolling reduction of 50% subsequently. The microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of as-extruded and as-rolled sheets were investigated. The results indicated that Zn played a vital role on microstructure and mechanical properties under extrusion and rolling conditions, the strength and elongation were improved with Zn addition due to recrystallization texture during hot processing. The Mg-5Sn sheet with high Zn content exhibited a high degree of dynamic recrystallization and stable strain hardening rate. The anisotropy of hot deformation alloys was weakened with increasing Zn content, especially for as-extruded alloy. The Mg-5Sn-3Zn alloy exhibited best comprehensive mechanical properties under both extrusion and rolling condition.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Development and Evaluation of LiDAR Navigated Electronic Maize Seeding System Using Check Row Quality Index

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5934
Author(s):  
Nrusingh Charan Pradhan ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Dilip Kumar Kushwaha ◽  
Indra Mani ◽  
Ankur Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Novel Approach

Crop geometry plays a vital role in ensuring proper plant growth and yield. Check row planting allows adequate space for weeding in both direction and allowing sunlight down to the bottom of the crop. Therefore, a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) navigated electronic seed metering system for check row planting of maize seeds was developed. The system is comprised of a LiDAR-based distance measurement unit, electronic seed metering mechanism and a wireless communication system. The electronic seed metering mechanism was evaluated in the laboratory for five different cell sizes (8.80, 9.73, 10.82, 11.90 and 12.83 mm) and linear cell speed (89.15, 99.46, 111.44, 123.41 and 133.72 mm·s−1). The research shows the optimised values for the cell size and linear speed of cell were found to be 11.90 mm and 99.46 mm·s−1 respectively. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and light emitting diode (LED)-based seed flow sensing system was developed to measure the lag time of seed flow from seed metering box to bottom of seed tube. The average lag time of seed fall was observed as 251.25.39 ms at an optimised linear speed of cell of 99.46 mm·s−1 and forward speed of 2 km·h−1. This lag time was minimized by advancing the seed drop on the basis of forward speed of tractor, lag time and targeted position. A check row quality index () was developed to evaluate check row planter. While evaluating the developed system at different forward speeds (i.e., 2, 3 and 5 km·h−1), higher standard deviation (14.14%) of check row quality index was observed at forward speed of 5 km·h−1.

scholarly journals Wt1 positive neurons in the hindbrain are essential for respiration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Schnerwitzki ◽  
Christian Hayn ◽  
Birgit Perner ◽  
Christoph Englert
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
And Function ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ventral Spinal Cord

AbstractNeuronal networks commonly referred to as central pattern generator (CPG) networks coordinate the generation of rhythmic activity like locomotion and respiration. These networks are proposed to exhibit a high degree of homology in their development. Their establishment is influenced by a variety of transcription factors. One of them is the Wilms tumor protein Wt1 that is present in dI6 neurons of the ventral spinal cord, which are involved in the coordination of locomotion. Here we report about the so far undescribed presence of Wt1 in neurons of the caudoventral medulla oblongata and their impact on respiration. By performing marker analyses, we were able to characterize these Wt1 positive (+) cells as dB4 neurons. The temporal pattern of Wt1 occurrence suggests a role for Wt1 in the differentiation of dB4 neurons during embryonic and postnatal development. Conditional knockout of Wt1 in these cells caused an altered population size of V0 neurons already in the developing hindbrain leading to a decline in the respiration rate in the adults. Thereby, we confirmed and extended the so far proposed homology between neurons of the dB4 domain in the hindbrain and dI6 neurons of the spinal cord in terms of development and function. Ablation of Wt1+ dB4 neurons resulted in the death of neonates due to the inability to initiate respiration suggesting a vital role for Wt1+ dB4 neurons in breathing. These results extend the role of Wt1 in the CNS and show that in addition to its function in differentiation of dI6 neurons it also contributes to the development of dB4 neurons in the hindbrain that are critically involved in the regulation of respiration.

Design Fixation in Physical Modeling: An Investigation on the Role of Sunk Cost

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Viswanathan ◽  
Julie Linsey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Sunk Cost ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
High Degree

Physical models are very commonly used as tools for engineering idea generation, yet the guidelines in literature about their implementation are conflicting. A prior study has shown that physical models have the potential to supplement designers’ erroneous mental models; whereas a few observational studies have shown that physical models can cause a high degree of fixation under certain circumstances. At the same time, a previous controlled study fails to show the presence of fixation in idea generation with physical models. This study hypothesizes that prior observed fixation in physical modeling is due to Sunk Cost Effect, which is the reluctance to choose a different path of action once significant money, time or effort is invested in present one. Consistent with the prior study, this study also hypothesizes that physical models supplement designers’ mental models. These hypotheses are investigated through a controlled between-subject experiment. The results show that cost of building plays a vital role in fixation and fixation is not likely inherent in physical representations. Results also show that physical models supplement designers’ mental models and lead them to higher quality ideas.

Animals and animal husbandry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Groot
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Food Transport ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Urban Sites

This chapter gives a short overview of animal husbandry in Iron Age Europe. In this largely agrarian society, people depended on animals for food, transport, and labour. Although animal husbandry shows a high degree of variety, related to differences in climate, geography, and the complexity of society, broad geographical patterns are apparent in the proportions of different species, with cattle dominant on most sites in north-western Europe and sheep/goat at most Mediterranean sites. In some regions, communities were self-sufficient, while others included proto-urban sites and sanctuaries, which had to be supplied with food and sacrificial animals. Hunting was of little importance in terms of contribution to the diet, although an exception is found in eastern Spain. Animals not only played a vital role in the agrarian economy, but were also important in rituals, such as deposits in houses and funerary ritual, and animal sacrifice in sanctuaries.

scholarly journals Development, Fabrication and Evaluation of Semi-Automatic Field Crop Transplanter

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4595-4598
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Is Development

Increase the area allocated for field crops cultivation requires moving from manual agriculture to mechanical farming. The aim of this study is development, fabrication and evaluation semi-automatic field crop transplanter. Performance evaluation of the transplanter was carried out for transplanting of 20-25, 25-30, and 30-35 cm corn seedlings at three forward speed levels of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 km h-1 under actual field conditions in terms of plant spacing, planting depth, and missing plant index. The transplanter precisely plants seedlings into ground. The effect of seedling height on the planting depth was found to be significant. In addition, plant missing percentage increased with increasing of forward speed

scholarly journals DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN ELECTRICALLY POWERED MAIZE PLANTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
BABATUNDE OLUWAMAYOKUN SOYOYE
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Delivery Tube ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
Successful Production

The correct application of production inputs for environmental and agricultural production sustainability is a key to successful production of maize. An electrically powered maize planter was designed and fabricated. Light reflecting optoelectronic field counter capable of detecting free falling object with equivalent or greater than 0.7 mm distance in planter delivery tube was designed and built to monitor seed drop on the planter. The device accurately counted the falling seeds with the planter forward speed of 1.38 m/s and seed delivery tube of 24 mm. The average number of two seeds was discharged per hole.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document