scholarly journals Numerical Investigation into Gas-Particle Inter-Phase Combustion and Reduction in the Flash Ironmaking Process

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Benjun Cheng ◽  
Jian Xiong ◽  
Mao Li ◽  
Yuan Feng ◽  
Wenyuan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Reaction Shaft ◽  
Ironmaking Process

Despite the dominance of the blast furnace ironmaking process, more attention is being paid to the new technologies with lower energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. A novel flash ironmaking technology using pulverized coals and iron concentrates as raw materials, which is different from flash ironmaking with the reductive gas as the reducing agent, is studied. In order to obtain the flow patterns, temperature, and gas composition distribution, as well as particle trajectories in the reaction shaft of the flash ironmaking furnace, the Euler–Lagrangian model with a custom user defined function (UDF) code is used to simulate the processes of the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions, including the combustion reaction of pulverized coals and reduction reaction of iron concentrates. The results indicate that the flow patterns, temperature, and gas composition distributions present symmetrical distribution characteristics. The central oxygen expands rapidly after entering the reaction shaft and its distribution is approximately bell-shaped. The temperature distribution in the reaction shaft is wing-shaped. The maximum temperature, 2615 K, is reached at 5 m below the roof of the reaction shaft. The O2 is quickly consumed after entering the reaction shaft. At 6 m below the roof of the reaction shaft, the oxygen concentration becomes almost zero, with the CO concentration reaching the highest. The Fe2O3 and FeO in the iron concentrates are mostly reduced to Fe at 9 m below the roof of the reaction shaft, and more than 95 wt% iron particles could be obtained within 1.2–7.7 s.

The sugar and alcohol industry in the biofuels and cogeneration era: a paradigm change (part II)

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Electo Eduardo Silv Lora ◽  
Mateus Henrique Rocha ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Osvaldo José Venturini ◽  
Maria Luiza Grillo Renó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Steam Parameters

The aim of this paper is to discuss the major technological changes related to the implementation of large-scale cogeneration and biofuel production in the sugar and alcohol industry. The reduction of the process steam consumption, implementation of new alternatives in driving mills, the widespread practice of high steam parameters use in cogeneration facilities, the insertion of new technologies for biofuels production (hydrolysis and gasification), the energy conversion of sugarcane trash and vinasse, animal feed production, process integration and implementation of the biorefinery concept are considered. Another new paradigm consists in the wide spreading of sustainability studies of products and processes using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the implementation of sustainability indexes. Every approach to this issue has as an objective to increase the economic efficiency and the possibilities of the sugarcane as a main source of two basic raw materials: fibres and sugar. The paper briefly presents the concepts, indicators, state-of-the-art and perspectives of each of the referred issues.

scholarly journals New Circular Challenges in the Development of Take-Away Food Packaging in the COVID-19 Period

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4705
Author(s):  
Ewa Kochańska ◽  
Rafał M. Łukasik ◽  
Maciej Dzikuć
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Food Market

The COVID-19 pandemic has set new challenges for the HoReCa industry. Lockdowns have coincided with and strongly impacted the industrial transformation processes that have been taking place for a decade. Among the most important HoReCa transition processes are those related to the rapid growth of the delivery-food market and ordering meals via internet platforms. The new delivery-food market requires not only the development of specific distribution channels, but also the introduction of appropriate, very specific food packaging. Food packaging and its functionality are defined by the administrative requirements and standards applicable to materials that have contact with food and principally through the prism of the ecological disaster caused by enormous amounts of plastic waste, mainly attributed to the food packaging. To meet environmental and administrative requirements, new technologies to produce food packaging materials are emerging, ensuring product functionality, low environmental impact, biodegradability, and potential for composting of the final product. However, predominantly, the obtained product should keep the nutritional value of food and protect it against changes in color or shape. Current social transformation has a significant impact on the food packaging sector, on one hand creating a new lifestyle for society all over the world, and on the other, a growing awareness of the negative impact of humans on the environment and increasing responsibility for the planet. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to develop a circular economy based on the paradigm of shortening distribution channels, using local raw materials, limiting the consumption of raw materials, energy, water, and above all, minimizing waste production throughout the life cycle of products, all of which are in line with the idea of low-carbon development.

scholarly journals A Life-Cycle Approach to Integrate Environmental and Mechanical Properties of Blended Cements Containing Seashell Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13120
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Soltanzadeh ◽  
Ali E. Behbahani ◽  
Eduardo N. B. Pereira ◽  
Carlos A. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Natural Pozzolan ◽  
Cement Production

The adverse consequences of producing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the environment have introduced cement production as the fourth largest source of anthropogenic carbon emissions after petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Managing and reducing the environmental concerns regarding the impacts of cement production on the environment, namely the depletion of non-renewable fuel resources, consumption of natural raw materials, and releasing huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere should be, therefore, one of the key priorities of the cement industry. Application of locally available minerals and wastes that can be blended with OPC as a substitute could considerably reduce the environmental impact. The present study evaluates the potentiality of waste seashell to be used as an additive in the production of blended cement through a modified life cycle approach integrating environmental and mechanical performances. In this regard, 34 cements consisting of different blends of OPC, seashell powder (within the range of 4–30% by OPC mass), and natural pozzolan (up to 30% by OPC mass) were tested to identify the optimal dosage of OPC substitution. Environmental impacts of the cements were assessed through life-cycle analysis. The possibility of mitigating the carbon dioxide emissions in the production of cements, with similar mechanical performance compared to that of OPC, was evaluated by considering both the mechanical and environmental results. The outcome of this study introduced more environment-friendly and sustainable options for future cements.

Development of new technologies for sorting of fibrous cotton stalks by the combined method “ADAU” and production of sowing material

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (09) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Şahlar Mahmud oğlu Babayev ◽  
◽  
Camaləddin Ələkbər oğlu Məmmədov ◽  
Səfiyyə İbrahim qızı Məhərrəmova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Cotton Yarns ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the development of technologies for the production of quality sowing material, which is the main problem of cotton growing, which has a greater share in the agricultural sector, which is the basis of the economy of the republic. For this purpose, a new technology for the production of sowing material was developed as a result of the selection of biologically mature yarns during the combined sorting of fibrous cotton yarns, as well as processing of these yarns by the proposed method, and two positive decisions were made by the Intellectual Property Agency. In addition to the mentioned advantages of the proposed technology, the use of low-percentage starch solution, as well as absorbents with high absorption capacity (zeolite or bentonite) in the country to improve the quality of sowing material in the production of sowing material as a result of processing raw materials. indicates that it has indicators. Key words: fiber, cotton, yarn, combined, sorting, sowing material, production, technology

PROSPECTS OF HONEY PRODUCTION AND ITS USE IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.В. СЕМЧЕНКО ◽  
Л.С. ЖУНЕВА ◽  
И.С. МИЛЕНТЬЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Production Dynamics ◽  
Important Branch

Рассмотрены инновационные технологии продуктов на основе меда. Установлено, что мед как сырье достаточно востребован в пищевой промышленности, а разработка новых технологий с использованием этого ценного продукта требует увеличения объема его производства. Проанализированы динамика производства меда в Российской Федерации в 2007–2017 гг., объемы экспорта и импорта меда в нашей стране за период 2014–2018 гг., а также указаны основные проблемы пчеловодства как одной из важнейшей отрасли сельского хозяйства, поставляющей ценное сырье для пищевой промышленности. Innovative technologies of products on base of honey were considered. It is established that honey as a raw material is in demand in the food industry, and the development of new technologies with using this valuable product requires an increase of it production. Dynamics of honey production in the Russian Federation in 2007–2017, volumes of export and import of honey in our country for the period 2014–2018 are analyzed, and also the main problems of beekeeping as one of the most important branch of agriculture supplying valuable raw materials for the food industry are specified.

The Development of New Chemically Resistant Material for the Invert Grouting

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Petr Figala ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Vit Černý
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
New Material ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Homogenization Methods ◽  
Grouting Materials

This work deals with the basic research and development of new technologies of cement-based invert grouting, in the recipe of which the appropriately selected secondary raw materials will be used as much as possible. This new grout will be part of a new comprehensive system for the remediation of chemically exposed building structures, such as sewers, silage pits and wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this work is to monitor the influence of the method and the degree of homogenization of the developed recipes on selected physical-mechanical properties of the injection material. For the needs of this work, several basic recipes were proposed, as well as the methodology of production of test specimens, their storage and testing. At the same time, three homogenization methods were chosen, differing in the manner and degree of implementation. The basic characteristics of grouting materials, which were monitored in this work, include the viscosity and processability of fresh material. Due to the requirement for increased resistance of the new material, the compressive strength and absorbency of the hardened test specimens 40 × 40 × 160 mm were monitored depending on the maturation time. The research results so far show that thorough homogenization has a fundamental effect on achieving the required physical-mechanical properties. The final methodology of homogenization of dry components will be used in the pre-preparation of all materials of the new chemically resistant remediation system, including the sprayed mixture.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF RECEIVING DIETARY FIBERS FROM SECONDARY PRODUCTS OF PROCESSING OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ю. ТАМОВА ◽  
Е.В. БАРАШКИНА ◽  
Р.А. ЖУРАВЛЕВ ◽  
Н.Р. ТРЕТЬЯКОВА ◽  
Е.С. ФРАНЧЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Ultrahigh Frequencies ◽  
Modern Technologies

Рассмотрены перспективы получения пищевых волокон (ПВ) из вторичных продуктов АПК. Приведены результаты анализа опубликованных исследований о перспективах получения ПВ, проявляющих детоксикационную и адсорбционную активность, с целью обогащения ими продуктов питания. Рассмотрены современные технологические решения получения ПВ из продуктов переработки сахарной свеклы и яблок. Признано целесообразным дальнейшее проведение научно-экспериментальных разработок новых технологий получения ПВ из растительного сырья с применением электромагнитного поля крайне низких и сверхвысоких частот. The prospects of obtaining dietary fibers (DF) from secondary products of agriculture are considered. Results of the analysis of sources on the prospects of receiving the DF showing detoxification and adsorption activity for the purpose of enrichment of food by them are given. Modern technology solutions of receiving DF from products of processing of sugar beet and apples are given. Further carrying out scientific and experimental developments of new technologies of receiving DF from vegetable raw materials with application of the electromagnetic field of extremely low and ultrahigh frequencies is perspective.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of CuO/NiO and CuO/CoO Relative Composition on the Reduction Time of (CuO)x-(NiO)(1-x) and (CuO)x-(Co3O4)(1-x) with Methane Gas as the Reducing Agent in the Synthesis of Nano-bimetallic Nix-Cu(1-x) and Cux-Co(1-x)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghanbarabadi ◽  
Behnam Khoshandam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Cobalt Oxides ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Relative Composition

In this paper, the reduction duration of (CuO)x-(NiO)(1-x) and (CuO)x-(Co3O4)(1-x) binary mixtures was studied using thermogravimetric method. The reduction reaction was performed using copper, nickel and cobalt oxides as metal precursors and methane gas as the reducing agent, under atmospheric pressure. The products as well as the raw materials were characterized and analyzed using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Initially, CoO, NiO and CuO were transformed to Co, Ni and Cu through reduction reactions with 23 Vol.% of methane at 830 °C. Results demonstrated that the reduction times of NiO, CoO and CuO NPs with CH4 at 830 °C were 14, 39 and 47 min, respectively. EDS and XRD analysis indicated that more than 97 % of copper, nickel and cobalt oxides were transformed to copper, nickel and cobalt NPs. The reaction time of (CuO)x-(NiO)(1-x) and (CuO)x-(Co3O4)(1-x) binary mixtures with methane was investigated to evaluate the effect of CuO (x=0, 0.4, 0.6, 1) relative composition. In addition, the reaction time of ternary mixture of (NiO)0.6-(CuO)0.2-(Co3O4)0.2 with methane gas was also studied.

scholarly journals The Fabrication and Application Mechanism of Microfluidic Systems for High Throughput Biomedical Screening: A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kena Song ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Xiangyang Zu ◽  
Zhe Du ◽  
Liyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Microfluidic Systems ◽  
Microfluidic Technology

Microfluidic systems have been widely explored based on microfluidic technology, and it has been widely used for biomedical screening. The key parts are the fabrication of the base scaffold, the construction of the matrix environment in the 3D system, and the application mechanism. In recent years, a variety of new materials have emerged, meanwhile, some new technologies have been developed. In this review, we highlight the properties of high throughput and the biomedical application of the microfluidic chip and focus on the recent progress of the fabrication and application mechanism. The emergence of various biocompatible materials has provided more available raw materials for microfluidic chips. The material is not confined to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the extracellular microenvironment is not limited by a natural matrix. The mechanism is also developed in diverse ways, including its special physical structure and external field effects, such as dielectrophoresis, magnetophoresis, and acoustophoresis. Furthermore, the cell/organ-based microfluidic system provides a new platform for drug screening due to imitating the anatomic and physiologic properties in vivo. Although microfluidic technology is currently mostly in the laboratory stage, it has great potential for commercial applications in the future.

scholarly journals Application of Simultaneous Oil Extraction and Transesterification in Biodiesel Fuel Synthesis: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Makareviciene ◽  
Egle Sendzikiene ◽  
Milda Gumbyte
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Production Value ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Diesel Production

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are leading to increased production and use of biofuels. The industrial development of biodiesel production and the use of biodiesel in the EU transport sector have been ongoing for almost two decades. Compared to mineral diesel production, the process of producing biodiesel is quite complex and expensive, and the search for new raw materials and advanced technologies is needed to maintain production value and expand the industrial production of biodiesel. The purpose of this article is to review the application possibilities of one of the new technologies—simultaneous extraction of oil from oily feedstock and transesterification (in situ)—and to evaluate the effectiveness of the abovementioned process under various conditions.

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