scholarly journals Application of Metabolomics in Pediatric Asthma: Prediction, Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Maria Michelle Papamichael ◽  
Charis Katsardis ◽  
Evangelia Sarandi ◽  
Spyridoula Georgaki ◽  
Eirini-Sofia Frima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Asthma Incidence ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Significant Public Health

Asthma in children remains a significant public health challenge affecting 5–20% of children in Europe and is associated with increased morbidity and societal healthcare costs. The high variation in asthma incidence among countries may be attributed to differences in genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. This respiratory disorder is described as a heterogeneous syndrome of multiple clinical manifestations (phenotypes) with varying degrees of severity and airway hyper-responsiveness, which is based on patient symptoms, lung function and response to pharmacotherapy. However, an accurate diagnosis is often difficult due to diversities in clinical presentation. Therefore, identifying early diagnostic biomarkers and improving the monitoring of airway dysfunction and inflammatory through non-invasive methods are key goals in successful pediatric asthma management. Given that asthma is caused by the interaction between genes and environmental factors, an emerging approach, metabolomics—the systematic analysis of small molecules—can provide more insight into asthma pathophysiological mechanisms, enable the identification of early biomarkers and targeted personalized therapies, thus reducing disease burden and societal cost. The purpose of this review is to present evidence on the utility of metabolomics in pediatric asthma through the analysis of intermediate metabolites of biochemical pathways that involve carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, organic acids and nucleotides and discuss their potential application in clinical practice. Also, current challenges on the integration of metabolomics in pediatric asthma management and needed next steps are critically discussed.

scholarly journals Sex and gender in asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (162) ◽  
pp. 210067
Author(s):  
Nowrin U. Chowdhury ◽  
Vamsi P. Guntur ◽  
Dawn C. Newcomb ◽  
Michael E. Wechsler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Asthma Incidence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Asthma is a heterogenous disease, and its prevalence and severity are different in males versus females through various ages. As children, boys have an increased prevalence of asthma. As adults, women have an increased prevalence and severity of asthma. Sex hormones, genetic and epigenetic variations, social and environmental factors, and responses to asthma therapeutics are important factors in the sex differences observed in asthma incidence, prevalence and severity. For women, fluctuations in sex hormone levels during puberty, the menstrual cycle and pregnancy are associated with asthma pathogenesis. Further, sex differences in gene expression and epigenetic modifications and responses to environmental factors, including SARS-CoV-2 infections, are associated with differences in asthma incidence, prevalence and symptoms. We review the role of sex hormones, genetics and epigenetics, and their interactions with the environment in the clinical manifestations and therapeutic response of asthma.

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Digital Interventions for Pediatric Asthma Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle R. Ramsey ◽  
Jill M. Plevinsky ◽  
Sophie R. Kollin ◽  
Robert C. Gibler ◽  
Theresa W. Guilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Digital Interventions

scholarly journals Framework for patient-ventilator asynchrony during long-term non-invasive ventilation

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Gonzalez-Bermejo ◽  
Jean-Paul Janssens ◽  
Claudio Rabec ◽  
Christophe Perrin ◽  
Frédéric Lofaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Polygraphic Recordings ◽  
Bench Testing

Episodes of patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) occur during acute and chronic non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV). In long-term NIV, description and quantification of PVA is not standardised, thus limiting assessment of its clinical impact. The present report provides a framework for a systematic analysis of polygraphic recordings of patients under NIV for the detection and classification of PVA validated by bench testing. The algorithm described uses two different time windows: rate asynchrony and intracycle asynchrony. This approach should facilitate further studies on prevalence and clinical impact of PVA in long-term NIV.

scholarly journals Clinical, Aetiologic, And Evolution-Related Aspects Of Pleurisy In Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Frecus Corina ◽  
Balasa Adriana ◽  
Ungureanu Adina ◽  
Mihai Larisia ◽  
Cuzic Viviana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Radiologic Imaging ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Group Distribution ◽  
Clinical Emergency

Abstract Objectives: Establishing the frequency of pleurisy from the total number of admissions in the Paediatrics Department, as well as the frequency of pleurisy from the total number of respiratory ailments that required hospitalization; evaluating age group distribution and determining the influence of environmental factors; describing clinical manifestations, laboratory, radiologic, and bacteriological investigations in patients with pleurisy; quantifying clinical manifestations and investigations so as to establish an appropriate therapeutic approach; identifying clinical aspects that indicate a favourable/unfavourable evolution; analyzing the evolution of cases after treatment as revealed by radiologic imaging. Method: Retrospective study on 47 patients diagnosed with pleurisy and admitted in the Paediatrics Department of Constanta Clinical Emergency Hospital, over a span of 3 years (2011-2013), based on data collected from observation sheets. Results: A downward trend in what regards the frequency of pleurisy can be observed from 2011 to 2013. Rural provenience and other environmental factors continue to play an important role. Clinical manifestations tend to be more significant for younger patients and they are directly related to the specific pathogen identified during laboratory investigations. Conclusion: Following an early diagnosis and a subsequent adequate treatment, evolution tends to be favourable in most cases, although certain post-hospitalization measures still need to be implemented in order to ensure full recovery and restitution ad integrum.

scholarly journals Increasing corvid tolerance to humans in urban ecosystems with increasing latitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Poddubnaya ◽  
Tatyana Korotkova ◽  
Polina Vanicheva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alert Distance ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Hooded Crows ◽  
Flight Initiation

The rapid growth of cities causes behaviour changes in birds in response to urban environmental factors. The avian response to human disturbance has recently been studied by a non-invasive research tool as an alert distance (AD) and a flight initiation distance (FID) assessment. The tolerance of hooded crows (n = 395), jackdaws (n = 394) and rooks (n = 169) to humans was assessed by AD and FID. It was shown that the FID of all species is maximal during the summer, when the parents send clear “danger—fly away” signals to the young and the birds fly away. The AD and FID of the three species reliably correlates with the season. Rooks showed FID species-specificity in seven cities of Eastern Europe. Comparison of the attitude of birds to people in cities that have similarities in human culture showed that tolerance increases with increasing latitude in all species and is statistically significant only in the jackdaw. This should be taken into account in environmental protection measures.

scholarly journals Talaromikosis Marneffei

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Sem S. Surja ◽  
Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Retno Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Cross Wall ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Talaromyces Marneffei ◽  
Mycotic Disease ◽  
Histopathology Examination

Talaromycosis marneffei is a mycotic disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei which primarily infectimmunocompromised patient. This disease is endemic in Southeast Asia, and Indonesia consider as endemic area dueto a case of tourist who got the infection after visiting Indonesia. Diagnosis was made based on clinical suspicion withlaboratory confirmation. Clinical manifestations are not specific, such as fever, anemia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy,hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, respiratory disorder, and cutaneous manifestation. Histopathology and culture are themost common examination performed for diagnosis. In histopathology examination, fungi appear as fission arthroconidiacells which shape round to oval, with cross wall formation inside or outside macrophage and histiocyte. Thermaldimorphism characteristic can be observed in fungal culture. Fungi grows as mold at 25oC-30oC and as yeast at 37oC.Definitive identification of T. marneffei was done by molecular examination using primers derived from ITS region asprimary marker and beta tubulin region as secondary marker. Talaromyces marneffei is sapronosis, that transmitted viainhalation of conidia from environment.

scholarly journals Analytical epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1S) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
L. B. Tlapshokova ◽  
A. R. Zikhova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune disease, which etiology includes a complex of genetic and environmental factors. Data suggests that their interaction can influence the age of the clinical manifestations and the course of the disease. Therefore, the study of risk factors of MS in regions with different ethnic compositions of the population and climatic and geographical characteristics is of considerable interest.Objective: to study MS risk factors prevalence in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (RKB).Patients and methods. This case-control study of the representation of risk factors included a cohort of 112 MS patients living in two regions of the RKB (Nalchik and the Prokhladnensky district). The MS diagnosis was established with the McDonald criteria (2017). MS risk factors were assessed with a unified questionnaire. 112 respondents (matched by the main demographic characteristics and place of residence) were included in the control group.Results and discussion. MS patients from the Prokhladnensky district were significantly more likely to contact harmful chemical compounds, had higher consumption of smoked meat products; and suffered from viral infections more often (all differences were significant, p<0.05). More patients with MS, regardless of their place of residence, had a history of scarlet fever than the controls (n=23; 19.5% and n=14; 13.4%, ratio indicator 0.43 (95% CI 0.32–1.01), p=0.041), and the maximum significance of this factor was found in patients who suffered from scarlet fever after the age of 15 years (n=7; 6.3% and n=1; 0.9%, ratio indicator 2.45 (95% CI 1.92–3.21), p=0.041). More patients with MS had a history of chickenpox (n=70; 62.5% and n=55; 41.1%; ratio indicator 0.78 (95% CI 0.65–0.94, p=0.032), the frequency of this factor was most significant in early (up to 7 years) disease onset. Regardless of the place of residence, patients with MS were more likely to suffer from tonsillitis and sinusitis in childhood (p=0.032).Conclusion. In the RKB, as in other regions of the Russian Federation, the risk of MS, along with a genetic predisposition, is primarily determined by environmental factors, such as contact with potentially harmful chemicals, history of somatic diseases, characteristics of the ecological situation, etc. Therefore, MS risk is higher in people exposed to these factors before the age of 7 years and does not depend on the place of residence. 

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