scholarly journals Citrobacter tructae sp. nov. Isolated from Kidney of Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Won Joon Jung ◽  
Hyoun Joong Kim ◽  
Sib Sankar Giri ◽  
Sang Guen Kim ◽  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Genome Distance

A novel Citrobacter species was isolated from the kidney of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared on a trout farm. Biochemical characterization and phylogenetic analysis were performed for bacterial identification. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and five housekeeping genes indicated that the strain belongs to the Citrobacter genus. However, multilocus sequence analysis, a comparison of average nucleotide identity, and genome-to-genome distance values revealed that strain SNU WT2 is distinct and forms a separate clade from other Citrobacter species. Additionally, the phenotype characteristics of the strain differed from those of other Citrobacter species. Quinone analysis indicated that the predominant isoprenoid quinone is Q-10. Furthermore, strain virulence was determined by a rainbow trout challenge trial, and the strain showed resistance to diverse antibiotics including β-lactams, quinolone, and aminoglycosides. The complete genome of strain SNU WT2 is 4,840,504 bp with a DNA G + C content of 51.94% and 106,068-bp plasmid. Genome analysis revealed that the strain carries virulence factors on its chromosome and antibiotic resistance genes on its plasmid. This strain represents a novel species in the genus Citrobacter for which the name C. tructae has been proposed, with SNU WT2 (=KCTC 72517 = JCM 33612) as the type strain.

scholarly journals The Effects of Dietary Insect Meal from Hermetia illucens Prepupae on Autochthonous Gut Microbiota of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Rimoldi ◽  
Elisabetta Gini ◽  
Federica Iannini ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Genciana Terova
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

This study evaluated the effects of dietary insect meal from Hermetia illucens larvae on autochthonous gut microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three diets, with increasing levels of insect meal inclusion (10%, 20%, and 30%) and a control diet without insect meal were tested in a 12-week feeding trial. To analyze the resident intestinal microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and QIIME pipeline were used. The number of reads taxonomically classified according to the Greengenes database was 1,514,155. Seventy-four Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 97% identity were identified. The core of adhered intestinal microbiota, i.e., OTUs present in at least 80% of mucosal samples and shared regardless of the diet, was constituted by three OTUs assigned to Propiobacterinae, Shewanella, and Mycoplasma genera, respectively. Fish fed the insect-based diets showed higher bacterial diversity with a reduction in Proteobacteria in comparison to fish fed the fishmeal diet. Insect-meal inclusion in the diet increased the gut abundance of Mycoplasma, which was attributed the ability to produce lactic and acetic acid as final products of its fermentation. We believe that the observed variations on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota composition of trout are principally due to the prebiotic properties of fermentable chitin.

scholarly journals Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and emended description of the genus Oceanobacillus

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1521-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Yumoto ◽  
Kikue Hirota ◽  
Yoshinobu Nodasaka ◽  
Kenji Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Alkaliphilic Bacterium

A halotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium, R-2T, was isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a freshwater fish. The strain is Gram-positive, ferments several carbohydrates, is rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella and produces ellipsoidal spores. The isolate grows at pH 9–10 but not at pH 7–8. This micro-organism grows in 0–22 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 10. Its major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, the major isoprenoid quinone is MK-7 and the DNA G+C content is 38·5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicates that strain R-2T is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. DNA–DNA hybridization reveals low relatedness between the isolate and Oceanobacillus iheyensis (21·0 %). On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate should be designated as a novel species, for which the name Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-2T (=JCM 12661T=NCIMB 14022T).

scholarly journals First Identification and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Mexico

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Cesar Ortega ◽  
Rute Irgang ◽  
Benjamín Valladares-Carranza ◽  
Constanza Collarte ◽  
Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Lactococcus Garvieae ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Lactococcosis is a hyperacute hemorrhagic septicemia disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae, which is an emerging pathogen in global fish farming. Between 2016 and 2018, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from five farms that presented outbreaks were sampled as part of a Mexican surveillance program for the detection of fish diseases. Fourteen L. garvieae isolates were recovered from sampled fish, as confirmed by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and clinical and histological insights. The biochemical and protein profiles of the isolates obtained were homogeneous. Repetitive extragenic palindromic—(REP)—and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) analyses established weak genetic heterogeneity. Rainbow trout challenged with two of the isolates used at different bacterial concentrations (10−2 and 10−4 CFU/mL) showed melanosis, and hemorrhages were observed in the fins, liver, kidney, and spleen. Isolates were obtained from all of the organs sampled, including from surviving fish, as either pure or mixed cultures. The present study is the first to confirm the presence of L. garvieae as the agent of severe lactococcosis outbreaks in the two primary Mexican states for trout farming.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Bacterial Communities of Farmed Rainbow Trout Fillets (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Helsens ◽  
Ségolène Calvez ◽  
Hervé Prevost ◽  
Agnès Bouju-Albert ◽  
Aurélien Maillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

The rise of antibiotic resistance is not only a challenge for human and animal health treatments, but is also posing the risk of spreading among bacterial populations in foodstuffs. Farmed fish-related foodstuffs, the food of animal origin most consumed worldwide, are suspected to be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacterial hazards. However, scant research has been devoted to the possible sources of diversity in fresh fillet bacterial ecosystems (farm environment including rivers and practices, and factory environment). In this study bacterial communities and the antibiotic resistance genes of fresh rainbow trout fillet were described using amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and high-throughput qPCR assay. The antibiotic residues were quantified using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods. A total of 56 fillets (composed of muscle and skin tissue) from fish raised on two farms on the same river were collected and processed under either factory or laboratory sterile filleting conditions. We observed a core-bacterial community profile on the fresh rainbow trout fillets, but the processing conditions of the fillets has a great influence on their mean bacterial load (3.38 ± 1.01 log CFU/g vs 2.29 ± 0.72 log CFU/g) and on the inter-individual diversity of the bacterial community. The bacterial communities were dominated by Gamma- and Alpha-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The most prevalent genera were Pseudomonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Chryseobacterium, and Carnobacterium. Of the 73 antibiotic residues searched, only oxytetracycline residues were detected in 13/56 fillets, all below the European Union maximum residue limit (6.40–40.20 μg/kg). Of the 248 antibiotic resistance genes searched, 11 were found to be present in at least 20% of the fish population (tetracycline resistance genes tetM and tetV, β-lactam resistance genes blaDHA and blaACC, macrolide resistance gene mphA, vancomycin resistance genes vanTG and vanWG and multidrug-resistance genes mdtE, mexF, vgaB and msrA) at relatively low abundances calculated proportionally to the 16S rRNA gene.

The essential oils of some medicinal plants on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghasemi Pirbalouti ◽  
E Pirali ◽  
G Pishkar ◽  
S Mohammadali Jalali ◽  
M Reyesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Nuclear distribution of genotoxic damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm after cryopreservation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Gonzalez-Rojo ◽  
Cristina Fernandez-Diez ◽  
Marta Lombo ◽  
Vanesa Robles Rodriguez ◽  
Herraez Maria Paz
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Genotoxic Damage ◽  
Nuclear Distribution ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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