scholarly journals Altered Microbial Composition of Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant TB Patients Compared with Healthy Volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Fernanda Valdez-Palomares ◽  
Marcela Muñoz Torrico ◽  
Berenice Palacios-González ◽  
Xavier Soberón ◽  
Eugenia Silva-Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
And Function

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has three discernible outcomes: active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis, or clearance of the bacterium. The outcome of the infection depends on the interaction of the bacterium, the immune system, and the microbiome of the host. The current study uses 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the diversity and composition of the respiratory microbiome of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients as well as healthy volunteers. Tuberculosis patients exhibited increased microbial diversity and differentially abundant bacteria than healthy volunteers. Compositional differences were also observed when comparing drug-sensitive or -resistant tuberculosis patients. Finally, we defined and assessed the differences in the core sputum microbiota between tuberculosis patients and healthy volunteers. Our observations collectively suggest that in sputum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is related to altered bacterial diversity and compositional differences of core members of the microbiome, with potential implications for the bacterial pulmonary ecosystem’s stability and function.

scholarly journals Helminth Coinfection Alters Monocyte Activation, Polarization, and Function in Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 1274-1286
Author(s):  
Anuradha Rajamanickam ◽  
Saravanan Munisankar ◽  
Chandrakumar Dolla ◽  
Pradeep A. Menon ◽  
Thomas B. Nutman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Monocyte Activation ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Changes in Transcript, Metabolite, and Antibody Reactivity During the Early Protective Immune Response in Humans to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
January Weiner ◽  
Teresa Domaszewska ◽  
Simon Donkor ◽  
Stefan H E Kaufmann ◽  
Philip C Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Vitamin B5 ◽  
Negative Reading

Abstract Background Strategies to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection are urgently required. In this study, we aimed to identify correlates of protection against Mtb infection. Methods Two groups of Mtb-exposed contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients were recruited and classified according to their Mtb infection status using the tuberculin skin test (TST; cohort 1) or QuantiFERON (QFT; cohort 2). A negative reading at baseline with a positive reading at follow-up classified TST or QFT converters and a negative reading at both time points classified TST or QFT nonconverters. Ribonucleic acid sequencing, Mtb proteome arrays, and metabolic profiling were performed. Results Several genes were found to be differentially expressed at baseline between converters and nonconverters. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a distinct B-cell gene signature in TST nonconverters compared to converters. When infection status was defined by QFT, enrichment of type I interferon was observed. A remarkable area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0 was observed for IgA reactivity to Rv0134 and an AUC of 0.98 for IgA reactivity to both Rv0629c and Rv2188c. IgG reactivity to Rv3223c resulted in an AUC of 0.96 and was markedly higher compared to TST nonconverters. We also identified several differences in metabolite profiles, including changes in biomarkers of inflammation, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acids. Pantothenate (vitamin B5) was significantly increased in TST nonconverters compared to converters at baseline (q = 0.0060). Conclusions These data provide new insights into the early protective response to Mtb infection and possible avenues to interfere with Mtb infection, including vitamin B5 supplementation. Analysis of blood from highly exposed household contacts from The Gambia who never develop latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection shows distinct transcriptomic, antibody, and metabolomic profiles compared to those who develop latent tuberculosis infection but prior to any signs of infection.

scholarly journals Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haileyesus Getahun ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
Ibrahim Abubakar ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Aziz ◽  
Annabel Baddeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Systematic Testing

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Co MCJr
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

BACKGROUND: After decades of decreasing incidence, the number of new tuberculosis cases started to rise again in the mid-1980s and continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. The incidence of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis is increasing among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, drug therapy, patients' nonadherence to prescribed treatment, and nursing issues related to the care of persons dually infected with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS: Fifty references addressing important issues in tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus were identified by searching the Medline data base and bibliographies of relevant articles. DISCUSSION: Tuberculosis is a communicable infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is curable and preventable but generally fatal if undiagnosed and untreated. People with human immunodeficiency virus infection are at higher risk for reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection and for developing life-threatening tuberculosis. Specific nursing interventions are formulated to guide practice when caring for HIV-infected persons with tuberculosis. Future nursing research needs are suggested. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the complexity of the care involved will enhance the clinical management of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and lead to a decline in the appearance of new drug-resistant tuberculosis strains.

scholarly journals Incident Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in household contacts of infectious tuberculosis patients in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Jones-López ◽  
Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña ◽  
Geisa Fregona ◽  
Patricia Marques-Rodrigues ◽  
Laura F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Household Contacts

Elevated Concentrations of Interleukins and Leukotriene in Response to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
O El-Ahmady ◽  
M Mansour ◽  
H Zoeir ◽  
O Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Gm Csf

There is significant research in the role of interleukins in lung disease, as the cytokines are important mediators in the host response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Plasma from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and healthy controls were investigated for their content of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 and IL-6 were measured by enzyme immunoassay after lipid extraction in the case of LTB4 while GM-CSF was measured by enzyme amplified sensitive immunoassay. Significantly elevated concentrations of IL-6 were found in far-advanced lesions of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, P < 0·05. However, nonsignificant increases of IL-6 were obtained in moderate lesions and minimal lesions compared to normal healthy subjects. Marked elevations of LTB4 were found in TB patients, the highest values being shown in patients with far-advanced lesions followed by moderately advanced and minimal lesions in relation to the mean value for normal healthy controls, P < 0·001 for all groups. 93% of the tuberculosis patients showed a higher level of LTB4 above the upper limit of the control group. In contrast there was no significant increase of GM-CSF in any of the TB subgroups. These results suggest that LTB4 and the interleukins may play a role in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Adults: A Cross-sectional Analysis of a UK-Based Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea L Katelaris ◽  
Charlotte Jackson ◽  
Jo Southern ◽  
Rishi K Gupta ◽  
Francis Drobniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background BCG appears to reduce acquisition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children, measured using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). We explored whether BCG vaccination continues to be associated with decreased prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection in adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from adult contacts of tuberculosis cases participating in a UK cohort study. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BCG, ascertained based on presence of a scar or vaccination history, against latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), measured via IGRA, was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. The effects of age at BCG and time since vaccination were also explored. Results Of 3453 recent tuberculosis contacts, 27.5% had LTBI. There was strong evidence of an association between BCG and LTBI (adjusted odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval, .56–.87; P = .0017) yielding a VE of 30%. VE declined with time since vaccination but there was evidence that LTBI prevalence was lower amongst vaccinated individuals even &gt;20 years after vaccination, compared with nonvaccinated participants. Conclusions BCG is associated with lower prevalence of LTBI in adult contacts of tuberculosis. These results contribute to growing evidence that suggests BCG may protect against M. tuberculosis infection as well as disease. This has implications for immunization programs, vaccine development, and tuberculosis control efforts worldwide. Clinical trials registration NCT01162265.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document