scholarly journals Mussel Mass Mortality and the Microbiome: Evidence for Shifts in the Bacterial Microbiome of a Declining Freshwater Bivalve

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Jordan C. Richard ◽  
Lewis J. Campbell ◽  
Eric M. Leis ◽  
Rose E. Agbalog ◽  
Chris D. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Freshwater Bivalve ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Clinch River ◽  
And Shifts

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community structure, and inferred metabolic pathways in the hemolymph of pheasantshells (Actinonaias pectorosa) from the Clinch River, USA, during a multi-year mass mortality event. Bacterial loads were approximately 2 logs higher in moribund mussels (cases) than in apparently healthy mussels (controls). Bacterial communities also differed between cases and controls, with fewer sequence variants (SVs) and higher relative abundances of the proteobacteria Yokenella regensburgei and Aeromonas salmonicida in cases than in controls. Inferred bacterial metabolic pathways demonstrated a predominance of degradation, utilization, and assimilation pathways in cases and a predominance of biosynthesis pathways in controls. Only two SVs correlated with Clinch densovirus 1, a virus previously shown to be strongly associated with morality in this system: Deinococcota and Actinobacteriota, which were associated with densovirus-positive and densovirus-negative mussels, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that bacterial invasion and shifts in the bacterial microbiome during unionid mass mortality events may result from primary insults such as viral infection or environmental stressors. If so, bacterial communities in mussel hemolymph may be sensitive, if generalized, indicators of declining mussel health.

scholarly journals A Novel Gonadotropic Microsporidian Parasite (Microsporidium clinchi n. sp.) Infecting a Declining Population of Pheasantshell Mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) (Unioinidae) from the Clinch River, USA

Parasitologia ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Susan Knowles ◽  
Eric M. Leis ◽  
Jordan C. Richard ◽  
Rebecca Cole ◽  
Rose E. Agbalog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Clinch River ◽  
Cristatella Mucedo

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are among the most endangered animal groups globally, but the causes of their population decline are often enigmatic, with little known about the role of disease. In 2018, we collected wild adult pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) and mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) during an epidemiologic survey investigating an ongoing mussel mass mortality event in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy showed a novel microsporidian parasite primarily infecting the ovary of pheasantshell. Sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene produced a 1333 bp sequence with the greatest similarity to Pseudonosema cristatellae (AF484694.1; 86.36%; e-value = 0), a microsporidium infecting the freshwater bryozoan (Cristatella mucedo). Microsporidia were observed in 65% (17/26) of the examined female pheasantshell (A. pectorosa) and in no (0/2) female muckets (A. ligamentina) and occurred at mortality and non-mortality sites. Our findings indicate that a novel parasite, Microsporidium clinchi n. sp., is present in pheasantshell in the Clinch River, and while likely not a cause of mass mortality, could reduce fecundity and recruitment in this declining population and threaten the success of reintroductions. Surveillance of M. clinchi n. sp. and evaluation of broodstock and their progeny for microsporidia would therefore be prudent.

scholarly journals Mass mortality event of White Sea sponges as the result of high temperature in summer 2018

Polar Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2313-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ereskovsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Ozerov ◽  
Anatoly N. Pantyulin ◽  
Alexander B. Tzetlin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Mass Mortality Event

scholarly journals Tracking a mass mortality outbreak of pen shell Pinna nobilis populations: A collaborative effort of scientists and citizens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo ◽  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Baptiste Mourre ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
Salud Deudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract A mass mortality event is devastating the populations of the endemic bivalve Pinna nobilis in the Mediterranean Sea from early autumn 2016. A newly described Haplosporidian endoparasite (Haplosporidium pinnae) is the most probable cause of this ecological catastrophe placing one of the largest bivalves of the world on the brink of extinction. As a pivotal step towards Pinna nobilis conservation, this contribution combines scientists and citizens’ data to address the fast- and vast-dispersion and prevalence outbreaks of the pathogen. Therefore, the potential role of currents on parasite expansion was addressed by means of drift simulations of virtual particles in a high-resolution regional currents model. A generalized additive model was implemented to test if environmental factors could modulate the infection of Pinna nobilis populations. The results strongly suggest that the parasite has probably dispersed regionally by surface currents, and that the disease expression seems to be closely related to temperatures above 13.5 °C and to a salinity range between 36.5–39.7 psu. The most likely spread of the disease along the Mediterranean basin associated with scattered survival spots and very few survivors (potentially resistant individuals), point to a challenging scenario for conservation of the emblematic Pinna nobilis, which will require fast and strategic management measures and should make use of the essential role citizen science projects can play.

Effect of bamboo vinegar powder as an antibiotic alternative on the digesta bacteria communities of finishing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 732-743
Author(s):  
Huan Qu ◽  
Yanjie Huang ◽  
Yinghao Shi ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Shenglong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Bacteria Communities

This study investigated the use for bamboo vinegar powder as an antibiotic alternative in the diet of growing–finishing pigs by examining their digestive bacterial communities. Forty-five Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire growing–finishing pigs were randomly allocated to five diet groups: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% bamboo vinegar levels and antibiotics. After 37 days, the digesta in duodenum of four pigs from each treatment were analyzed for their bacterial community compositions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The addition of 1.5% bamboo vinegar powder had an effect on the intestinal microflora most similar to that of antibiotics, indicating its potential to promote the growth and development of finishing pigs. We also found the 1.5% bamboo vinegar powder group to have an increased abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes compared with the other bamboo vinegar powder groups, which may enhance the ability of the host to absorb food energy and store more body fat. Additionally, the effects of bamboo vinegar powder on promoting the abundances of Lactobacillus and Thalassospira and on inhibiting Streptococcus and Prevotella growth revealed it may play an important role in animal production. Moreover, functional predictions of microbes via PICRUSt indicated that feed supplemented with 1.5% bamboo vinegar powder could promote many vital metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Recruitment Disruption and the Role of Unaffected Populations for Potential Recovery After the Pinna nobilis Mass Mortality Event

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego K. Kersting ◽  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Baptiste Mourre ◽  
Fatima Z. Belkhamssa ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event

scholarly journals S.O.S. Pinna nobilis: A Mass Mortality Event in Western Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
Agustín Barrajón ◽  
José R. García-March ◽  
Amalia Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea

Paramuricea clavata (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) loss in the Marine Protected Area of Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy) due to a mass mortality event

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Huete-Stauffer ◽  
Ilaria Vielmini ◽  
Marco Palma ◽  
Augusto Navone ◽  
Pier Panzalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Paramuricea Clavata
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