scholarly journals An Analysis of Exhaust Emission of the Internal Combustion Engine Treated by the Non-Thermal Plasma

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 6041
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsien Hsueh ◽  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Meng-Chang Hsieh ◽  
Chao-Jung Lai ◽  
Shi-Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

Industries’ air pollution causes serious challenges to modern society, among them exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, which are currently one of the main sources. This study proposes a non-thermal plasma (NTP) system for placement in the exhaust system of internal combustion engines to reduce the toxic contaminants (HC, CO, and NOx) of exhaust gases. This NTP system generates a high-voltage discharge that not only responds to the ion chemical reaction to eliminate NOx and CO, but that also generates a combustion reaction at the local high temperature of plasma to reduce HC. The NTP system was designed on both the front and rear of the exhaust pipe to analyze the difference of different exhaust flow rates under the specified frequency. The results indicate that the NTP system can greatly reduce toxic contaminants. The NTP reactor placed in the front of exhaust pipe gave HC and CO removal efficiency of about 34.5% and 16.0%, respectively, while the NTP reactor placed in the rear of exhaust pipe gave NOx removal efficiency of about 41.3%. In addition, the voltage and material directly affect the exhaust gases obviously. In conclusion, the proposed NTP system installed in the exhaust system can significantly reduce air pollutants. These results suggest that applying NTP to the combustion engine should be a useful tool to simultaneously reduce both emissions of NOx and CO.

Calculation of Acoustic Efficiency of Exhaust Silencers for Automotive Internal Combustion Engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tupov ◽  
O. Matasova
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Insertion Losses

Insertion losses as the main characteristic that mathematically describes the acoustic efficiency of a noise silencer has been considered. This characteristic shows the reduction of noise generated by its source, in particular by the internal combustion engine’s exhaust system, at the control point as a silencer use result. Has been presented a mathematical description of the insertion losses, and have been considered parameters necessary for calculating this characteristic. Has been demonstrated the analytical dependence of impedance for the sound emission by the exhaust system’s end hole from the coefficient of acoustic waves reflection by this hole. The performed analysis of the widely used formulas for calculating the coefficient of sound reflection by the end hole has showed their insufficient accuracy for project designs performing. Have been proposed calculation dependences providing high accuracy for calculations of the reflection coefficient modulus, and the attached length of the channel end hole without a flange in the entire range of the existence of plane waves in it. It has been shown that the end correction of this hole at ka = 0 is 0.6127, and not 0.6133, as it was mistakenly believed until now in world acoustics. Has been proposed a method for calculation the exhaust noise source internal impedance. This method more accurately, in comparison with the already known ones, describes the acoustic processes in the internal combustion engine’s exhaust manifold, thanks to increases the accuracy of calculation the silencer acoustic efficiency, that allows develop the silencer at the early stages of the design of an automotive internal combustion engine.

scholarly journals Comparative Parameters Evaluation of Internal Combustion Engines Naturally Aspired and Supercharged With Hybrid Turbocharger

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiriac Rares ◽  
Anghel Chiru
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Technical Solutions

Abstract Internal combustion engines have an operating efficiency that can be exploited to increase their performance. Some of the waste gases can be recovered through technical solutions such as turbocharging. The turbocharging solution is one of the most popular technical solutions for increasing the energy performance of internal combustion engines. This requires an analysis of the energy balance of the internal combustion engine. This shows that there is a significant reserve of energy in the exhaust gases, which can be used to increase the engine efficiency. One solution is to use this energy to drive a turbine coupled with an electric generator. This article aims to present the result of the experimental research of the hybrid turbocharger, simulating and validating the new solutions for increasing the energy performance of internal combustion engines through hybrid turbochargers using a coupled electric generator. The simulations will be performed using AMESim software developed by Siemens to demonstrate through calculations the efficiency of new solutions, such as a hybrid turbocharger. The tests will be performed using an diesel internal combustion engine with a cylinder capacity of 1.9 liters which is also simulated with AMESim software. The residual exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine will drive the hybrid turbocharger turbine and generate electricity. Electricity can then be used for storage in the car battery or for consumption by the car's electrical system. The article also includes a comparative study between the power and torque of the naturally aspirated internal combustion engine equipped with a hybrid turbocharger.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF QUALITY CONTROL RESTORATION OF SMALL-SIZED ENGINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Yuriy Paladiychuk ◽  
Inna Telyatnuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Functional Scheme

Mechanization of labor on small farms and individual farms is a very important issue of modern agriculture. The use of small agricultural machinery with a capacity of up to 16 kW is quite relevant today. Small-sized machinery is divided into: small 4-wheeled tractors, 2-wheeled motoblocks, cultivators, machines and equipment. With the help of this technique perform various agricultural and other types of work in crop production, horticulture, gardening on small plots, livestock and more. Despite its rather small size, small equipment also has various mechanisms that fail over time. Most often, the parts of the internal combustion engine fail. In general, the cost of repairing the internal combustion engine during operation may exceed the total cost of the engine by 5-6 times. Thus, there is a question of improving the system of technical service of engines of small tractors. This article considers the issue of increasing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines for small tractors, due to the effective conduct of after-sales or post-repair running-in and improving the maintenance system. Types of small-sized equipment are presented. The analysis of possible loading and speed modes of cold and hot running-in of internal combustion engines and means for their realization is carried out. Technical means for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines are analyzed. The following formulas are given for determination: smoke of exhaust gases at running-in of engines; light transmission of exhaust gases; speed control range; load torque; the content of harmful substances (Q) in the exhaust gases on the j-th components. The necessity of bench running-in of engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is substantiated. The functional scheme of the stand for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines is considered. The stages of cold and hot running-in of small-sized engines are described. With the help of the received information, the results are made and the analysis of methods of running-in of internal combustion engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is carried out.

scholarly journals Heating system for measuring tanks of the cementing unit from the exhaust system of the base chassis

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Sergey Kireev ◽  
Marina Korchagina ◽  
Andrey Efimov ◽  
Valentin Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this article is to increase the efficiency of the design process and reduce the cost of field experiments by using numerical analysis methods of the dimensional capacity heating efficiency of the internal combustion engine exhaust system. To solve the problem, a non-stationary nonlinear solver of gas dynamic processes (Siemens STAR-CCM+) was used, which allows to evaluate the correctness of the problem statement, significantly reducing the cost of full-scale tests. The paper considers the heating of a dimensional two-section tank in the layout of the cementing unit on the chassis with a triplex high-pressure pump and a drive from the power take-off box on the gear box of the chassis engine. The exhaust pipe structurally passes inside the measuring tank. According to the research results obtained graphic dependences of temperature change of liquid measuring cups to control points, the distribution of temperature field of the liquid in a volumetric tank, distribution of the temperature field of the surrounding air, stream lines and velocity field of the ambient air and the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The results of the calculations clearly show that the application of the method of heating the measuring capacity by entering the exhaust pipe directly into the liquid can be considered effective.

Calculation of Exhaust Gas Heat Produce for Ron 95, Ron97 and Vpower Racing Base Fuels use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Lias ◽  
H.B. Sharudin ◽  
M.H.B. Ismail ◽  
A.M.I.B. Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the calculation of exhaust gas heat produce (EGHP) in internal combustion engine (ICE) based on three types of fuel used specifically Petrol Ron 95, Petrol Ron 97 and Vpower racing base. The experimental test rig has used 1.6 CamPro Proton engine with 1561cc capacity and dynamometer. The calculation has used the basic formula of heat transfer equation and heat loss through the exhaust that included the mass flow rate of exhaust gas, specific heat of exhaust gas and temperature gradient. The exhaust temperature of ICE is generally in range from 400C to 600C and exhaust gas heat transfer affects the emissions burn-up in the exhaust system. This contributes significantly to the engine requirement. The experimental data was statistically analysed to identify the unknown parameter. High correlation of data variables can be determined based on the heat loss produced or EGHP. This also has significance by using different types of fuel in ICE.

scholarly journals On the issue of reducing the negative impact of nitrogen oxides in the system recirculation of diesel exhaust gases on applying the vortex effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Irina Belinskaia ◽  
Rahim Zainetdinov ◽  
Konstantin Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vortex Effect

The problem of negative impact on the environment of motor transport is one of the most fundamental in the complex of global problems. The constant increase in the number of cars with internal combustion engines encourages the search for methods and ways to reduce the volume of negative impulses. The operation of heat engines is accompanied by significant emissions of gaseous harmful substances into the atmosphere, i.e. nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, as well as solid particles, including soot. The solution to this problem should be implemented within the framework of a systematic approach. To do this, it is necessary to combine the study of technical, economic, and organizational approaches to the organization of the exhaust gas disposal process. To date, there is a significant methodological base in the field of organizational and economic decisions. The article discusses various methods of cleaning exhaust gases of piston engines, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The method of processing using ammonia is widely known. It is noted that a catalytic method for reducing nitrogen oxides using ammonia is quite economical. However, the optimal temperature range at which nitrogen oxides are reduced is rather narrow. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the vortex effect in the exhaust system. The efficiency of using a vortex gas recirculation pipe is due to its significant influence on the thermal gasdynamic processes occurring in the exhaust system. Using the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics allows us to take into account dissipative processes when establishing the relationship of fuel and economic indicators of internal combustion engines with thermodynamic parameters. This significantly increases the accuracy of calculations and allows you to develop measures to reduce the level of negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: HEAT RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST GASES BY THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Francesco Sgroi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The concern related to global warming is generating a legislative pressure on reducing CO2 emissions that is forcing automotive industry to find alternative and more efficient solutions to internal combustion engines. In Europe, the current regulation for passenger vehicles limits the CO2 emissions calculated as fleet average to 130 g/km and fix a target value of 95 g/km to be achieved by 2021. Car manufacturers will have to pay heavy penalties for each registered vehicle exceeding the CO2 limits (€95 per exceeding gram by 2019). Concurrently, the regulations on toxic emissions (CO, NOx, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter) is also becoming more and more stringent and requires complex and costly abatement systems to respect the strict limitations imposed on NOx and particulate matter emissions. On the other hand, zero emission electric vehicles, based on batteries, are still not mature enough for a replacement of the internal combustion engine in extra-urban applications, since they are not able to guarantee the driving range required by customers. Hydrogen fuelled vehicles, could meet the same performance of conventional cars, but the cost of materials used in the fuel cell stack is preventing the penetration into the market. Therefore, even though characterized by low energy efficiency, the internal combustion engine will remain, in the short-medium term, the reference technology for the transport industry but the environmental regulations will impose its hybridization with electric systems. Hybrid architectures allow circulating in electric mode in urban areas, limiting the local pollution, and increase the efficiency of the car through energy recovery during breaking phases. An energetic analysis of conventional internal combustion engine reveals that about 70% percent of the chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted in to mechanical energy for traction: the remaining part is dissipated as heat in the exhaust gases (30%) and in the cooling circuit (40%). So a great amount of thermal energy (tens of kW) is available on a car and its effective recovery can dramatically increase the efficiency of the system. Hybrid systems facilitate this task, since the produced electric energy can be stored in the battery pack. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer the possibility to directly convert thermal energy into electricity with a reduced complexity and potential low cost. Even though available semiconducting junctions are characterized by low efficiency and limited operating temperatures, coupling a TEG to the internal combustion engine would allow recovering about 1 kW of electric power on a medium size car, with a reduction of CO2 emissions of about 10 g/km.

Design of a Method for Test Diagnostics of an Internal Combustion Engine Based on the Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Gritsenko ◽  
Grigoriy N. Salimonenko ◽  
Maksim V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Diagnostic Parameters

The introduction of methods for timely diagnostics of internal combustion engines allows maintaining the environmental indicators of the car fleet at the highest level. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the reliability of diagnostics of internal combustion engines by using data obtained by selective sampling of exhaust gases. (Materials and methods) Informational, mathematical and experimental research methods, including methods for statistical processing of results and analysis of data obtained during experiments were used during the study. (Results and discussion) The main systems that affect the environmental performance of internal combustion engines has been identified: the fuel supply system, the ignition system and the exhaust gas neutralization system. The article describes a generalized mathematical model for calculating the characteristics of exhaust gases. Authors conducted operational tests on 35 internal combustion engines with justification of their number according to standard methods. The actual value of diagnostic parameters was processed into relative percentages for drawing a nomogram. A zero value has been set for the reference state of the elements specified by the manufacturer. (Conclusions) It was found that the dominant number of failures accounted for internal combustion engines, in detail: the ignition system produces 15-25 percent of failures, the power system produces 30-44 percent, the exhaust system produces 10-15 percent. It was found that for unambiguous identification of any combination of factors, it is necessary to have output values of at least three evaluation criteria. It was found that the most sensitive parameters for evaluating the technical condition of the three systems are: changes in the engine crankshaft speed, the parameters of exhaust gas toxicity, CO, CO2, CH, O2 when providing test modes (operation of the internal combustion engine on 1 cylinder at 20 and 40 percent of the throttle opening). The article describes designed a gasoline engine loader for the implementation of diagnostic modes and control of diagnostic parameters, that allows to create operating loads with an accuracy of 0.1 percent.

scholarly journals Microturbine power plant for utilization of the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Yury Matveev ◽  
Marina Cherkasova ◽  
Viktor Rassokhin ◽  
Viktor Barskov ◽  
Victor Chernikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Turbine Unit ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the investigation and development of microsteam turbine unit of the LPI design for utilization of heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. This installation will reduce the world carbon dioxide emissions, as well as add useful power for the needs of the consumer. Efficiency and environmental friendliness of the engine will increase. The article discusses development of the main directions of improvement of high-loaded steps of LPI, expansion of modern outlooks on the directions of MRI development and the use of LPI steps in the systems of heat recovery of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine. The possibility to utilize the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines by means of a turbine unit and the subsequent receipt of additional useful capacities are investigated in many developed countries of the world. Germany, Sweden, Japan, PRC and other leading countries in the automotive industry are intensively conducting works in this direction. The results of such studies have already found application in some freight cars. In the Russian market, this type of turbine is spread very weakly. Turbine unit behind the internal combustion engine works in conditions of low volumetric consumption of the working fluid, which leads to a decrease in the heights of the flow parts of the guides and working grids, because of which the relative gaps in the seals increase. This leads to the growth of leakage of the working fluid. On the other hand, a high degree of pressure reduction when choosing single-stage turbines leads to supersonic

scholarly journals Environmental effect of molecular degradation of internal combustion engine exhaust gases

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
В.В. Мурамович ◽  
В.Ю. Каминский ◽  
С.Н. Турусов
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Toxic Components

Рассматривается экологическая проблема очистки отработавших газов углеводородных энергетических установок от токсичных компонентов. Показан состав основных токсичных компонентов, приведены значения энергии связи их молекул. Представлены существующие методы улучшения экологических характеристик двигателей внутреннего сгорания: рециркуляция отработавших газов, снижение степени сжатия, уменьшение угла опережения впрыска, добавление присадок к топливу и др. Перечислены их достоинства и недостатки. Предлагается новый метод – использование электромагнитных полей для очистки отработавших газов от токсичных компонентов. Выполнен оценочный расчет его эффективности. Показано, что применение устройств модификации в топливной системе двигателей внутреннего сгорания, а также в системе выпуска отработавших газов позволяет существенно снизить выбросы в окружающую среду вредных веществ, и, при этом, не требует принципиальных изменений в конструкции двигателей. Рабочий ресурс предлагаемых устройств электромагнитной обработки обусловлен применяемыми для их изготовления материалами. The ecological problem of cleaning the exhaust gases of hydrocarbon power plants from toxic components is considered. The composition of the main toxic components is shown; the values of the binding energy of their molecules are given. The existing methods of improving the environmental characteristics of internal combustion engines are presented: exhaust gas recirculation, reduction of the compression ratio, reduction of the injection advance angle, addition of fuel additives, etc. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. A new method is proposed – the use of electromagnetic fields for cleaning exhaust gases from toxic components. An estimated calculation of its effectiveness is performed. It is shown that the use of modification devices in the fuel system of internal combustion engines, as well as in the exhaust gas system, can significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances into the environment, and, at the same time, does not require fundamental changes in the design of engines. The materials used for their manufacture determine the working life of the proposed electromagnetic processing devices.

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