scholarly journals Glycan-Induced Protein Dynamics in Human Norovirus P Dimers Depend on Virus Strain and Deamidation Status

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2125
Author(s):  
Jasmin Dülfer ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Maxim N. Brodmerkel ◽  
Robert Creutznacher ◽  
Alvaro Mallagaray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Dynamics ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Exchange Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent

Noroviruses are the major cause of viral gastroenteritis and re-emerge worldwide every year, with GII.4 currently being the most frequent human genotype. The norovirus capsid protein VP1 is essential for host immune response. The P domain mediates cell attachment via histo blood-group antigens (HBGAs) in a strain-dependent manner but how these glycan-interactions actually relate to cell entry remains unclear. Here, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is used to investigate glycan-induced protein dynamics in P dimers of different strains, which exhibit high structural similarity but different prevalence in humans. While the almost identical strains GII.4 Saga and GII.4 MI001 share glycan-induced dynamics, the dynamics differ in the emerging GII.17 Kawasaki 308 and rare GII.10 Vietnam 026 strain. The structural aspects of glycan binding to fully deamidated GII.4 P dimers have been investigated before. However, considering the high specificity and half-life of N373D under physiological conditions, large fractions of partially deamidated virions with potentially altered dynamics in their P domains are likely to occur. Therefore, we also examined glycan binding to partially deamidated GII.4 Saga and GII.4 MI001 P dimers. Such mixed species exhibit increased exposure to solvent in the P dimer upon glycan binding as opposed to pure wildtype. Furthermore, deamidated P dimers display increased flexibility and a monomeric subpopulation. Our results indicate that glycan binding induces strain-dependent structural dynamics, which are further altered by N373 deamidation, and hence hint at a complex role of deamidation in modulating glycan-mediated cell attachment in GII.4 strains.

scholarly journals Glycan-induced protein dynamics in human norovirus P dimers depend on virus strain and deamidation status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Dülfer ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Maxim N Brodmerkel ◽  
Robert Creutznacher ◽  
Alvaro Mallagaray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Dynamics ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Exchange Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Structural Similarity ◽  
Capsid Protein Vp1 ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent

AbstractNoroviruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis and re-emerge worldwide every year, with GII.4 currently being the most frequent human genotype. The norovirus capsid protein VP1 is essential for host immune response. The P domain mediates cell attachment via histo blood-group antigens (HBGAs) in a strain-dependent manner but how these glycan-interactions actually relate to cell entry remains unclear. Here, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is used to investigate glycan-induced protein dynamics in P dimers of different strains, which exhibit high structural similarity but different prevalence in humans. While the almost identical strains GII.4 Saga and GII.4 MI001 share glycan-induced dynamics, the dynamics differ in the emerging GII.17 Kawasaki 308 and rare GII.10 Vietnam 026 strain. We also further examine structural effects of N373 deamidation upon glycan binding in partially deamidated GII.4 P dimers, which are likely present during infection. Such mixed species exhibit increased exposure to solvent in the P dimer upon glycan binding as opposed to pure wildtype. Furthermore, deamidated P dimers display increased flexibility and a monomeric population. Our results indicate that glycan binding induces strain-dependent structural dynamics, which are further altered by N373 deamidation, and hence hint at a role of deamidation in modulating cell attachment and entry in GII.4 strains.

scholarly journals Survival of Clinical and Poultry-Derived Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni at a Low Temperature (4°C)

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 4186-4191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Fai Chan ◽  
Huyen Le Tran ◽  
R. Y. Kanenaka ◽  
S. Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and contamination of poultry has been implicated in illness. The bacteria are fastidious in terms of their temperature requirements, being unable to grow below ca. 31°C, but have been found to be physiologically active at lower temperatures and to tolerate exposure to low temperatures in a strain-dependent manner. In this study, 19 field isolates of C. jejuni (10 of clinical and 9 of poultry origin) were studied for their ability to tolerate prolonged exposure to low temperature (4°C). Although substantial variability was found among different strains, clinical isolates tended to be significantly more likely to remain viable following cold exposure than poultry-derived strains. In contrast, the relative degree of tolerance of the bacteria to freezing at −20°C and freeze-thawing was strain specific but independent of strain source (poultry versus clinical) and degree of cold (4°C) tolerance.

scholarly journals Histo-Blood Group Antigens Act as Attachment Factors of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Infection in a Virus Strain-Dependent Manner

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e1002188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Nyström ◽  
Ghislaine Le Gall-Reculé ◽  
Paola Grassi ◽  
Joana Abrantes ◽  
Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Strain Dependent

scholarly journals Functional and Structural Characterization of P[19] Rotavirus VP8* Interaction with Histo-blood Group Antigens

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (21) ◽  
pp. 9758-9765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Sun ◽  
Dandi Li ◽  
Ruchao Peng ◽  
Nijun Guo ◽  
Miao Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Alignment ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Porcine Origin

ABSTRACT Rotaviruses (RVs) of species A (RVA) are a major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis. Recently, histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been reported to interact with human RVA VP8* proteins. Human P[19] is a rare P genotype of porcine origin that infects humans sporadically. The functional and structural characteristics of P[19] VP8* interaction with HBGAs are unknown. In this study, we expressed and purified the VP8* proteins of human and porcine P[19] RVs. In oligosaccharide and saliva binding assays, P[19] VP8* proteins showed obvious binding to A-, B-, and O-type saliva samples irrespective of the secretor status, implying broad binding patterns. However, they did not display specific binding to any of the oligosaccharides tested. In addition, we solved the structure of human P[19] VP8* at 2.4 Å, which revealed a typical galectin-like fold. The structural alignment demonstrated that P[19] VP8* was most similar to that of P[8], which was consistent with the phylogenetic analysis. Structure superimposition revealed the basis for the lack of binding to the oligosaccharides. Our study indicates that P[19] RVs may bind to other oligosaccharides or ligands and may have the potential to spread widely among humans. Thus, it is necessary to place the prevalence and evolution of P[19] RVs under surveillance. IMPORTANCE Human P[19] is a rare P genotype of porcine origin. Based on phylogenetic analysis of VP8* sequences, P[19] was classified in the P[II] genogroup, together with P[4], P[6], and P[8], which have been reported to interact with HBGAs in a genotype-dependent manner. In this study, we explored the functional and structural characteristics of P[19] VP8* interaction with HBGAs. P[19] VP8* showed binding to A-, B-, and O-type saliva samples, as well as saliva of nonsecretors. This implies that P[19] has the potential to spread among humans with a broad binding range. Careful attention should be paid to the evolution and prevalence of P[19] RVs. Furthermore, we solved the structure of P[19] VP8*. Structure superimposition indicated that P[19] may bind to other oligosaccharides or ligands using potential binding sites, suggesting that further investigation of the specific cell attachment factors is warranted.

Insights into the biochemical and functional characterization of sortase E transpeptidase of Corynebacterium glutamicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3835-3847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyath Susmitha ◽  
Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri ◽  
Harsha Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Sortase A ◽  
Peptide Cleavage ◽  
New Findings

Most Gram-positive bacteria contain a membrane-bound transpeptidase known as sortase which covalently incorporates the surface proteins on to the cell wall. The sortase-displayed protein structures are involved in cell attachment, nutrient uptake and aerial hyphae formation. Among the six classes of sortase (A–F), sortase A of S. aureus is the well-characterized housekeeping enzyme considered as an ideal drug target and a valuable biochemical reagent for protein engineering. Similar to SrtA, class E sortase in GC rich bacteria plays a housekeeping role which is not studied extensively. However, C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, an industrially important organism known for amino acid production, carries a single putative sortase (NCgl2838) gene but neither in vitro peptide cleavage activity nor biochemical characterizations have been investigated. Here, we identified that the gene is having a sortase activity and analyzed its structural similarity with Cd-SrtF. The purified enzyme showed a greater affinity toward LAXTG substrate with a calculated KM of 12 ± 1 µM, one of the highest affinities reported for this class of enzyme. Moreover, site-directed mutation studies were carried to ascertain the structure functional relationship of Cg-SrtE and all these are new findings which will enable us to perceive exciting protein engineering applications with this class of enzyme from a non-pathogenic microbe.

Mouse paternal-RNAs initiate pattern of metabolic disorders in a strain dependent manner

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzide Satir Basaran ◽  
Yagut Akbarova ◽  
Kezban Korkmaz ◽  
Kursad Unluhizarci ◽  
Francois Cuzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Strain Dependent

scholarly journals Wnt5A modulates integrin expression in a receptor-dependent manner in ovarian cancer cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh ◽  
Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi ◽  
Marzieh Ebrahimi ◽  
Kian Mirzazadeh ◽  
Irina Nazarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Integrin Expression ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Multicellular Aggregates ◽  
Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity

AbstractWnt5A signals through various receptors that confer versatile biological functions. Here, we used Wnt5A overexpressing human ovarian SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 stable clones for assessing integrin expression, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the ability of multicellular aggregates (MCAs) formation. We found here, that Wnt5A regulates differently the expression of its receptors in the stable Wnt5A overexpressing clones. The expression levels of Frizzled (FZD)-2 and -5, were increased in different clones. However ROR-1, -2 expression levels were differently regulated in clones. Wnt5A overexpressing clones showed increased cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity. Moreover, Wnt5A overexpressing SKOV-3 clone showed increased MCAs formation ability. Cell invasion had been increased in OVCAR-3-derived clones, while this was decreased in SKOV-3-derived clone. Importantly, αv integrin expression levels were increased in all assessed clones, accompanied by increased cell attachment to fibronectin and focal adhesion kinase activity. Moreover, the treatment of clones with Box5 as a Wnt5A/FZD5 antagonist abrogates ITGAV increase, cell proliferation, migration, and their attachment to fibronectin. Accordingly, we observed significantly higher expression levels of ITGAV and ITGB3 in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer specimens and ITGAV correlated positively with Wnt5A in metastatic serous type ovarian cancer. In summary, we hypothesize here, that Wnt5A/FZD-5 signaling modulate αv integrin expression levels that could be associated with ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and fibronectin attachment.

scholarly journals Strain-dependent wicking behavior of cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric for sportswear

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Qifan Qiao ◽  
Zuowei Ding ◽  
Fengxin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Wetting Time ◽  
Horizontal Wicking ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Strain Strengthening

Abstract The strain-dependent vertical and horizontal wicking of as-prepared cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric was systematically studied. The experimental results revealed that the fabric exhibited a strain strengthening effect. A higher tensile strain results in a higher equilibrium wicking height, and vice versa. Moreover, the results indicated that the proposed Laughlin–Davies model is capable of tracking well the experimental data and replicating the wicking characteristics of fabric under different levels of stretch. In addition, the wetting time and wicking area of fabric under different strains and height regimes were examined during horizontal wicking. It was found that the wetting time decreased with an increase of strain and/or water drop height. The strain-enhanced and height-weakened effects of wicking area were revealed. The spreading mechanism of water drop in elastic fabric was also proposed. Such fundamental work provides a basic support for the in-depth investigation of wicking behavior of complex stretchable textile structures.

scholarly journals The Demethoxy Derivatives of Curcumin Exhibit Greater Differentiation Suppression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Than Curcumin: A Mechanistic Study of Adipogenesis and Molecular Docking

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alalaiwe ◽  
Jia-You Fang ◽  
Hsien-Ju Lee ◽  
Chun-Hui Chiu ◽  
Ching-Yun Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Curcumin is a known anti-adipogenic agent for alleviating obesity and related disorders. Comprehensive comparisons of the anti-adipogenic activity of curcumin with other curcuminoids is minimal. This study compared adipogenesis inhibition with curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), and their underlying mechanisms. We differentiated 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of curcuminoids, to determine lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) production. The expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipogenic proteins was analyzed by Western blot. A significant reduction in Oil red O (ORO) staining was observed in the cells treated with curcuminoids at 20 μM. Inhibition was increased in the order of curcumin < DMC < BDMC. A similar trend was observed in the detection of intracellular TG. Curcuminoids suppressed differentiation by downregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), leading to the downregulation of the lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) phosphorylation was also activated by BDMC. Curcuminoids reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines and leptin in 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with BDMC showing the greatest potency. BDMC at 20 μM significantly decreased leptin by 72% compared with differentiated controls. Molecular docking computation indicated that curcuminoids, despite having structural similarity, had different interaction positions to PPARγ, C/EBPα, and ACC. The docking profiles suggested a possible interaction of curcuminoids with C/EBPα and ACC, to directly inhibit their expression.

scholarly journals Selective cannabis strain allergy in a patient presenting with a local allergic reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stepaniuk ◽  
Amin Kanani
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Cannabis Indica ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Allergen Identification ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Fresh Skin

Abstract Background Cannabis use is growing domestically due to recent legalization in many jurisdictions. There are two main species of cannabis, Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, and thousands of different commercially available cannabis strains. Although there are multiple reports of cannabis allergy in the literature, to our knowledge, there is no prior published report of selective cannabis strain allergy. Case presentation A 31-year-old male was referred for allergy assessment due to several episodes of localized pruritus and erythema after direct contact with various strains of cannabis. He had noted that the severity of his reaction appeared to be strain dependent. He developed a severe local reaction involving bilateral periorbital edema shortly after coming into direct contact with one particular strain of cannabis. He denied any adverse symptoms after inhalation of cannabis. Fresh skin prick testing was performed to various strains of cannabis and had positive testing to the three of the five tested strains. Conclusions We believe this is the first reported case of selective cannabis strain allergy based on patient history and skin prick testing. This case report outlines the variability in different strains of cannabis and stresses the importance of further research into cannabis allergen identification. Multiple cannabis allergens should be included and incorporated into commercial extracts when they become routinely available.

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