scholarly journals Conifers Phytochemicals: A Valuable Forest with Therapeutic Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3005
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bhardwaj ◽  
Ana Sanches Silva ◽  
Maria Atanassova ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Conifers have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential in different disorders. Alkaloids, terpenes and polyphenols are the most abundant naturally occurring phytochemicals in these plants. Here, we provide an overview of the phytochemistry and related commercial products obtained from conifers. The pharmacological actions of different phytochemicals present in conifers against bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are also reviewed. Data obtained from experimental and clinical studies performed to date clearly underline that such compounds exert promising antioxidant effects, being able to inhibit cell damage, cancer growth, inflammation and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, an attempt has been made with the intent to highlight the importance of conifer-derived extracts for pharmacological purposes, with the support of relevant in vitro and in vivo experimental data. In short, this review comprehends the information published to date related to conifers’ phytochemicals and illustrates their potential role as drugs.

scholarly journals Trypanocidal Essential Oils: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Castro de Morais ◽  
Jucieudo Virgulino de Souza ◽  
Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho ◽  
Silvio Santana Dolabella ◽  
Damião Pergentino de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Important Group

Trypanosomiases are diseases caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. In humans, this includes Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis. There are few therapeutic options, and there is low efficacy to clinical treatment. Therefore, the search for new drugs for the trypanosomiasis is urgent. This review describes studies of the trypanocidal properties of essential oils, an important group of natural products widely found in several tropical countries. Seventy-seven plants were selected from literature for the trypanocidal activity of their essential oils. The main chemical constituents and mechanisms of action are also discussed. In vitro and in vivo experimental data show the therapeutic potential of these natural products for the treatment of infections caused by species of Trypanosoma.

Bioavailability and Pharmaco-therapeutic Potential of Luteolin in Overcoming Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Ali ◽  
Yasir Hasan Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
Dose Limiting Toxicity

Luteolin is a naturally occurring, yellow crystalline flavonoid found in numerous dietary supplements we frequently have in our meals. Studies in the last 2 decades have revealed its therapeutic potential to reduce the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms in various in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-Alzheimer’s potential of luteolin is attributed to its ability to suppress Aβ as well as tau aggregation or promote their disaggregation, down-regulate the expression of COX-2, NOS, MMP-9, TNF-α, interleukins and chemokines, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, modulate the activities of transcription factors CREB, cJun, Nrf-1, NF-κB, p38, p53, AP-1 and β-catenine and inhibiting the activities of various protein kinases. In several systems, luteolin has been described as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, we have also discussed about the bio-availability of the luteolin in the plasma. After being metabolized luteolin persists in plasma as glucuronides and sulphate-conjugates. Human clinical trials indicated no dose limiting toxicity when administered at a dose of 100 mg/day. Improvements in the formulations and drug delivery systems may further enhance the bioavailability and potency of luteolin. The current review describes in detail the data supporting these studies.

scholarly journals Unraveling Natural Products’ Role in Osteoarthritis Management—An Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou ◽  
Rafail-Efraim Papadopoulos ◽  
Christos Kontogiorgis ◽  
Anastasia Detsi ◽  
Eugenia Bezirtzoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Living Organisms

The natural process of aging gradually causes changes in living organisms, leading to the deterioration of organs, tissues, and cells. In the case of osteoarthritis (OA), the degradation of cartilage is a result of both mechanical stress and biochemical factors. Natural products have already been evaluated for their potential role in the prevention and treatment of OA, providing a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic approach. This review aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of natural products and their derivatives in osteoarthritis via a systematic search of literature after 2008, including in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and animal models, along with clinical trials and meta-analysis. Overall, 170 papers were obtained and screened. Here, we presented findings referring to the preventative and therapeutic potential of 17 natural products and 14 naturally occurring compounds, underlining, when available, the mechanisms implicated. The nature of OA calls to initially focus on the management of symptoms, and, in that context, several naturally occurring compounds have been utilized. Underlying a global need for more sustainable natural sources for treatment, the evidence supporting their chondroprotective potential is still building up. However, arriving at that kind of solution requires more clinical research, targeting the implications of long-term treatment, adverse effects, and epigenetic implications.

scholarly journals The Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potential of Tetrahydrocurcumin

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Shu Lai ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
Min-Hsiung Pan
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Effective Drugs

In recent decades, cancer has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the molecular basis of tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and clinical therapies, the discovery and development of effective drugs is an active and vital field in cancer research. Tetrahydrocurcumin is a major curcuminoid metabolite of curcumin, naturally occurring in turmeric. The interest in tetrahydrocurcumin research is increasing because it is superior to curcumin in its solubility in water, chemical stability, bioavailability, and anti-oxidative activity. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that tetrahydrocurcumin exerts anti-cancer effects through various mechanisms, including modulation of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, inflammation, proliferation, metastasis, programmed cell death, and immunity. Despite the pharmacological similarities between tetrahydrocurcumin and curcumin, the structure of tetrahydrocurcumin determines its distinct and specific molecular mechanism, thus making it a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of cancers. However, the utility of tetrahydrocurcumin is yet to be evaluated as only limited pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability studies have been performed. This review summarizes research on the anti-cancer properties of tetrahydrocurcumin and describes its mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Garcinol as an Anticancer Agent

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Saadat ◽  
Smiti V. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Garcinia Indica ◽  
Scientific Investigations

Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is extracted from the rind of the fruit ofGarcinia indica, a plant found extensively in tropical regions. Although the fruit has been consumed traditionally over centuries, its biological activities, specifically its anticancer potential is a result of recent scientific investigations. The anticarcinogenic properties of garcinol appear to be moderated via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and proapoptotic activities. In addition, garcinol displays effective epigenetic influence by inhibiting histone acetyltransferases (HAT 300) and by possible posttranscriptional modulation by mi RNA profiles involved in carcinogenesis.In vitroas well as somein vivostudies have shown the potential of this compound against several cancers types including breast, colon, pancreatic, and leukemia. Although this is a promising molecule in terms of its anticancer properties, investigations in relevant animal models, and subsequent human trials are warranted in order to fully appreciate and confirm its chemopreventative and/or therapeutic potential.

Multifunctional MnO2-based nanoplatform-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis for synergetic chemoradiotherapy

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Sihui Yu ◽  
Minyi Zhang ◽  
Xijian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Transmission Electron

Background: Radiosensitizers that can effectively consume glutathione provide broad prospects for enhancing the efficacy and reducing the side effects of radiotherapy. Aim: To explore the potential role of CuS@mSiO2@MnO2 nanocomposites in synergetic chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry and dynamic light scattering and were loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). The uptake and biodistribution of nanocomposites were observed by CCK8 assay, MRI and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The radiosensitization effect of nanocomposites and nanocomposites/DOX was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Results: In vitro application of nanocomposites, with an average diameter of 30 nm and ζ-potential of 13.2 ± 0.4 mV, in combination with radiotherapy, depleted glutathione and induced ferroptosis and apoptosis. Nanocomposites/DOX exhibited tumor cell damage in vivo. Conclusion: We propose that this glutathione-depleting nanosystem could be a radiosensitizer as well as a drug transporter.

scholarly journals Alternative polyadenylation trans-factor FIP1 exacerbates UUO/IRI-induced kidney injury and contributes to AKI-CKD transition via ROS-NLRP3 axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zheng ◽  
Yuqin Tan ◽  
Jiang Qiu ◽  
Zhenwei Xie ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Rich Domain

AbstractNLRP3, a decisive role in inflammation regulation, is obviously upregulated by oxidative stress in kidney injury. The NLRP3 upregulation leads to unsolved inflammation and other pathological effects, contributing to aggravation of kidney injury and even transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanism for NLRP3 upregulation and further aggravation of kidney injury remains largely elusive. In this study, we found NLRP3 3′UTR was shortened in response to kidney injury in vivo and oxidative stress in vitro. Functionally, such NLRP3 3′UTR shortening upregulated NLRP3 expression and amplified inflammation, fibrogenesis, ROS production and apoptosis, depending on stabilizing NLRP3 mRNA. Mechanistically, FIP1 was found to bind to pPAS of NLRP3 mRNA via its arginine-rich domain and to induce NLRP3 3′UTR shortening. In addition, FIP1 was upregulated in CKD specimens and negatively associated with renal function of CKD patients. More importantly, we found FIP1 was upregulated by oxidative stress and required for oxidative stress-induced NLRP3 upregulation, inflammation activation, cell damage and apoptosis. Finally, we proved that FIP1 silencing attenuated the inflammation activation, fibrogenesis, ROS production and apoptosis induced by UUO or IRI. Taken together, our results demonstrated that oxidative stress-upregulated FIP1 amplified inflammation, fibrogenesis, ROS production and apoptosis via inducing 3′UTR shortening of NLRP3, highlighting the importance of crosstalk between oxidative stress and alternative polyadenylation in AKI-CKD transition, as well as the therapeutic potential of FIP1 in kidney injury treatment.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

Phytosomal Curcumin Elicits Anti-tumor Properties Through Suppression of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Induction of Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4626-4638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh ◽  
Seyed M. Hassanian ◽  
Farzad Rahmani ◽  
Seyed H. Aghaee-Bakhtiari ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Vegf Signaling ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality in the world. Anti-tumor effect of curcumin has been shown in different cancers; however, the therapeutic potential of novel phytosomal curcumin, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in CRC, has not yet been explored. Methods: The anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity of phytosomal curcumin in CT26 cells was assessed by MTT assay, wound healing assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Phytosomal curcumin was also tested for its in-vivo activity in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. In addition, oxidant/antioxidant activity was examined by DCFH-DA assay in vitro, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), Thiol and superoxidedismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and also evaluation of expression levels of Nrf2 and GCLM by qRT-PCR in tumor tissues. In addition, the effect of phytosomal curcumin on angiogenesis was assessed by the measurement of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 and VEGF signaling regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor tissue. Results: Phytosomal curcumin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity in-vitro. It also decreases tumor growth and augmented 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-tumor effect in-vivo. In addition, our data showed that induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of VEGF signaling regulatory miRNAs might be underlying mechanisms by which phytosomal curcumin exerted its antitumor effect. Conclusion: Our data confirmed this notion that phytosomal curcumin administrates anticancer effects and can be used as a complementary treatment in clinical settings.

Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽  
Bhasha Shanmugam ◽  
Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽  
Sahukari Ravi ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

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