scholarly journals Breath Biomarkers in Diagnostic Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5514
Author(s):  
Y. Lan Pham ◽  
Jonathan Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Insight Into

The detection of chemical compounds in exhaled human breath presents an opportunity to determine physiological state, diagnose disease or assess environmental exposure. Recent advancements in metabolomics research have led to improved capabilities to explore human metabolic profiles in breath. Despite some notable challenges in sampling and analysis, exhaled breath represents a desirable medium for metabolomics applications, foremost due to its non-invasive, convenient and practically limitless availability. Several breath-based tests that target either endogenous or exogenous gas-phase compounds are currently established and are in practical and/or clinical use. This review outlines the concept of breath analysis in the context of these unique tests and their applications. The respective breath biomarkers targeted in each test are discussed in relation to their physiological production in the human body and the development and implementation of the associated tests. The paper concludes with a brief insight into prospective tests and an outlook of the future direction of breath research.

scholarly journals Human breath metabolomics using an optimized non-invasive exhaled breath condensate sampler

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 016001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin O Zamuruyev ◽  
Alexander A Aksenov ◽  
Alberto Pasamontes ◽  
Joshua F Brown ◽  
Dayna R Pettit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Breath Condensate

scholarly journals Biochemical Methanol Gas Sensor (MeOH Bio-Sniffer) for Non-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Flora from Breath Methanol

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4897
Author(s):  
Koji Toma ◽  
Kanako Iwasaki ◽  
Geng Zhang ◽  
Kenta Iitani ◽  
Takahiro Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alcohol Oxidase ◽  
Cascade Reaction ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive

Methanol (MeOH) in exhaled breath has potential for non-invasive assessment of intestinal flora. In this study, we have developed a biochemical gas sensor (bio-sniffer) for MeOH in the gas phase using fluorometry and a cascade reaction with two enzymes, alcohol oxidase (AOD) and formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). In the cascade reaction, oxidation of MeOH was initially catalyzed by AOD to produce formaldehyde, and then this formaldehyde was successively oxidized via FALDH catalysis together with reduction of oxidized form of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). As a result of the cascade reaction, reduced form of NAD (NADH) was produced, and MeOH vapor was measured by detecting autofluorescence of NADH. In the development of the MeOH bio-sniffer, three conditions were optimized: selecting a suitable FALDH for better discrimination of MeOH from ethanol in the cascade reaction; buffer pH that maximizes the cascade reaction; and materials and methods to prevent leaking of NAD+ solution from an AOD-FALDH membrane. The dynamic range of the constructed MeOH bio-sniffer was 0.32–20 ppm, which encompassed the MeOH concentration in exhaled breath of healthy people. The measurement of exhaled breath of a healthy subject showed a similar sensorgram to the standard MeOH vapor. These results suggest that the MeOH bio-sniffer exploiting the cascade reaction will become a powerful tool for the non-invasive intestinal flora testing.

scholarly journals Polymer-Modified Quartz Tuning Forks for Breath Biomarker Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Bishakha Ray ◽  
Shrut Manoj Desai ◽  
Saurabh Parmar ◽  
Suwarna Datar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

The change in levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in exhaled breath can be indicative of bodily disorders. Detection of such low levels of VOCs can allow early detection and diagnosis of diseases. A polymer- modified Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) is a promising, cost-effective sensor that can detect a change in ppm levels of VOCs exhaled from the breath at room temperature. Acetone and acetaldehyde are biomarkers that are readily exhaled by human beings. Increased levels of these analytes can serve as indicators for toxicity or a wide array of diseases. The present work uses an array of QTFs modified separately using nanomaterials embedded in polystyrene to detect low VOC concentrations present in simulated human breath successfully. The sensor response shows a clear distinction between healthy human breath and breath spiked with varying VOC concentrations (5–400 ppm). The sensor response proves it can potentially serve as an economical and non-invasive tool for disease diagnostics.

scholarly journals Analysis of human exhaled breath in a population of young volunteers

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1529-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozidarka Zaric ◽  
Srdjan Petrovic ◽  
Milan Bjekic ◽  
Ivana Rajic ◽  
Aleksandar Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath can provide information about the current physiological state of an individual, such as clinical conditions and exposure to exogenous pollutants. The blood-borne VOCs present in exhaled breath offer the possibility of exploring physiological and pathological processes in a noninvasive way. However, the field of exhaled breath analysis is still in its infancy. We undertook this study in order to define interindividual variation and common compounds in breath VOCs of 48 young human volunteers. Alveolar breath samples were analyzed by automated thermal desorption, gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID) and electron capture detector (ECD) using SUPELCO standards with 66 compounds. Predominant compounds in the alveolar breath of analyzed subjects are ethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (over 50% of the subjects). Isopropyl alcohol, propylene, acetone, ethanol were found as well. We detected substituted compounds in exhaled breath.

scholarly journals ZIF Nanocrystal-Based SAW Electronic Nose to Detect Diabetes in Human Breath

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Bahos ◽  
Arianee Sainz-Vidal ◽  
Celia Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
José M. Saniger ◽  
Isabel Gràcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Signal Recovery ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Saw Sensor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Disease Markers ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Diabetes

In the present work a novel, portable and innovative eNose composed of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor array based ZIF-8, and ZIF-67 nanocrystals (pure and combined with gold nanoparticles) as sensitive layers has been tested as a non-invasive system to detect and differentiate disease markers, such as acetone, ethanol and ammonia, related with early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus through exhaled breath. The sensors have been prepared by spin coating, achieving continuous and homogenous sensitive layers. Low concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm and 25ppm) of the marker analytes were measured, obtaining high sensitivities, good reproducibility, short time response and fast signal recovery.

scholarly journals Non-Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath Particles Correspond to Active Tuberculosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Chen ◽  
Noella A. Bryden ◽  
Wayne A. Bryden ◽  
Michael McLoughlin ◽  
Dexter Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Ranking Algorithm ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Human breath contains trace amounts of non-volatile organic compounds (NOCs) which might inform non-invasive methods for evaluation of individual health. In previous work, we demonstrated that lipids detected in exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) could be used as markers of active tuberculosis (TB). Here, we advanced our analytical platform in characterizing small metabolites and lipids in EBA samples collected from participants enrolled in clinical trials designed to identify molecular signatures of active TB. EBA samples from 26 participants with active TB and 73 healthy participants were processed using a dual-phase extraction method, and metabolites and lipids were identified via mass spectrometry (MS) database matching. In total, 13 metabolite and 9 lipid markers were identified with optimized relative standard deviation values that were statistically different between individuals diagnosed with active TB and the healthy controls. A feature ranking algorithm reduced this number to 10 molecules, with the membrane glycerophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 24:4, emerging as top driver of segregation between the two groups. These results support the utility of this approach to identify consistent NOC signatures from EBA samples in active TB cases and suggest the potential to apply this method to other human diseases which alter respiratory NOC release.

scholarly journals Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis of Breath Acetone Using a Hollow Optical Fiber Gas Cell

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Yudai Kudo ◽  
Saiko Kino ◽  
Yuji Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Breath Acetone

Human breath is a biomarker of body fat metabolism and can be used to diagnose various diseases, such as diabetes. As such, in this paper, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy system is proposed to measure the acetone in exhaled human breath. A strong absorption acetone peak at 195 nm is detected using a simple system consisting of a deuterium lamp source, a hollow-core fiber gas cell, and a fiber-coupled compact spectrometer corresponding to the VUV region. The hollow-core fiber functions both as a long-path and an extremely small-volume gas cell; it enables us to sensitively measure the trace components of exhaled breath. For breath analysis, we apply multiple regression analysis using the absorption spectra of oxygen, water, and acetone standard gas as explanatory variables to quantitate the concentration of acetone in breath. Based on human breath, we apply the standard addition method to obtain the measurement accuracy. The results suggest that the standard deviation is 0.074 ppm for healthy human breath with an acetone concentration of around 0.8 ppm and a precision of 0.026 ppm. We also monitor body fat burn based on breath acetone and confirm that breath acetone increases after exercise because it is a volatile byproduct of lipolysis.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Infections Diagnosis in Lung Transplant Recipients in Exhaled Breath Condensate

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. S63
Author(s):  
E. Ibáñez-Martínez ◽  
M. López-Nogueroles ◽  
M. Alcoriza-Balaguer ◽  
I. Pérez ◽  
M. Roca-Marugán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients ◽  
Breath Condensate

scholarly journals Immunomagnetic sequential ultrafiltration (iSUF) platform for enrichment and purification of extracellular vesicles from biofluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Luong T. H. Nguyen ◽  
Richard Hickey ◽  
Nicole Walters ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Immunomagnetic Beads ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Donors

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tumor cells have the potential to provide a much-needed source of non-invasive molecular biomarkers for liquid biopsies. However, current methods for EV isolation have limited specificity towards tumor-derived EVs that limit their clinical use. Here, we present an approach called immunomagnetic sequential ultrafiltration (iSUF) that consists of sequential stages of purification and enrichment of EVs in approximately 2 h. In iSUF, EVs present in different volumes of biofluids (0.5–100 mL) can be significantly enriched (up to 1000 times), with up to 99% removal of contaminating proteins (e.g., albumin). The EV recovery rate by iSUF for cell culture media (CCM), serum, and urine corresponded to 98.0% ± 3.6%, 96.0% ± 2.0% and 94.0% ± 1.9%, respectively (p > 0.05). The final step of iSUF enables the separation of tumor-specific EVs by incorporating immunomagnetic beads to target EV subpopulations. Serum from a cohort of clinical samples from metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy donors were processed by the iSUF platform and the isolated EVs from patients showed significantly higher expression levels of BC biomarkers (i.e., HER2, CD24, and miR21).

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