scholarly journals The Visceral Adipose Index in Relation to Incidence of Hypertension in Chinese Adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Yong Xue ◽  
Qun Shen ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Zijian Dai ◽  
Tingchao He
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Hypertension is the most crucial single contributor to global burden of disease and mortality, while weight loss as a non-pharmacological strategy is recommended to reduce blood pressure. This study aims to examine the association between visceral adipose index (VAI) and hypertension in Chinese adults. Data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), consisting of 8374 apparently healthy participants aged ≥18 years in the 2009 CHNS for cross-sectional analysis, and 4275 participants at entry from 2009 to 2011 for cohort analysis. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid were measured. Information of population characteristics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet were determined by validated questionnaire. Higher VAI scores were significantly associated with higher BP levels and higher risk of hypertension after adjustment with potential confounders (all p-trend < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio of hypertension was 1.526 (95%CI: 1.194, 1.952; p-trend < 0.01) for participants in the highest quartile of VAI scores when compared with those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for age, physical activity, antihypertensive medication, total energy intake, salt intake, and other major lifestyle factors. VAI scores were significantly, longitudinally associated with hypertension development among apparently healthy Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Associations between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Minjuan Li ◽  
Zhixin Cui ◽  
Shuangli Meng ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Tong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Index ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Studies investigating the associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among Chinese populations are strikingly limited. To assess the associations between dietary GI and GL values and CMRF, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, we extracted data of 7886 apparently healthy adults from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary GI and GL values were calculated using data collected from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Fasting lipid, glucose, and uric acid concentrations were measured and CMRF were defined on the basis of established criteria. There were no significant associations between dietary GI values and CMRF, and analyzing the data by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and region did not alter these results. Dietary GL values were positively associated with prevalence of hyperuricemia in all participants (Q4 compared with Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.87; p-trend = 0.0030) and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants ≥ 60 years old (Q5 compared with Q1: OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.68; p-trend < 0.0010). Higher dietary GL but not GI values were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia in apparently healthy Chinese adults and hypercholesterolemia in older Chinese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the public health implication of these findings.

scholarly journals Associated factors with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among 3,579 hypertensive adults in China: data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
junxiang Wei ◽  
Bo Xin ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Youfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Hypertension prevalence is high and rising in China, but it is inadequately controlled. This study investigated hypertension awareness, treatment, and control and their associated factors among Chinese adults. Methods: Data collected from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 12,991 Chinese adults were used. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, self-reported prior diagnosed hypertension, or taking antihypertensive medications. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were defined as a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension, current use of antihypertensive medication, and blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control. Results: Overall, 3,579 (27.6%) of the CHNS adult participants had hypertension, of whom 55.7% were aware of their diagnosis, 46.5% were treated with antihypertensive medications, but only 20.3% had their blood pressure controlled. Rates of hypertension awareness and treatment varied across population subgroups; higher likelihood was associated with being female (OR = 1.37; 95%CI, 1.12-1.66), older age (1.57; 1.65-4.02), urban residence (1.50; 1.14-1.97), living in the Eastern region (1.52; 1.14-2.01), having overweight/obesity (1.99; 1.39-2.84), and engaging in less healthy lifestyles. Lower control rate was associated with obesity (0.56; 0.42-0.76) and minority ethnicity (0.52; 0.31-0.86). Conclusion: Hypertension is a major public health burden in China. Rates of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control are still low despite efforts that have been made. More intensive screening and treatment intervention programs are needed in the future.

scholarly journals Occupational Physical Activity and New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Shaojie Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Panpan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Onset

The association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the prospective relations of OPA and new-onset hypertension among Chinese males and females. A total of 9350 adults who were free of hypertension at baseline were enrolled from the CHNS study (China Health and Nutrition Survey). Data on OPA were obtained by using self-reported questionnaires and calculated as metabolic equivalent task (MET)–hours per week. MET–hours per week may account for both intensity and time spent on activities. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. During a median of 6.1 years (82 410 person-years) of follow-up, a total of 2949 participants developed hypertension. Overall, there was a L-shaped association between the OPA and new-onset hypertension in males and a U-shaped association in females (all P values for nonlinearity <0.001). Accordingly, when OPA was categorized as four groups (<80, 80–<160, 160–<240, and ≥240 metabolic MET–hours per week), in males, the risk of new-onset hypertension was significantly increased only among participants with OPA <80 MET–hours per week; however, in females, the lowest risk of new-onset hypertension was found among those with OPA 80 to 240 MET–hours per week. In summary, moderate OPA, in terms of both duration and intensity, is associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension among both males and females, whereas heavy OPA was related to increased risk of new-onset hypertension in females.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of 2017 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline on Chinese Adults---How to Face?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yundi Jiao ◽  
Zhaoqing Sun ◽  
Yanxia Xie ◽  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Crude Prevalence

Abstract Background The current analysis was to estimate the percentage and number of Chinese adults with hypertension and recommended for pharmacological anti-hypertensive treatment according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline as compared with the 2010 Chinese Guideline.Methods We used the 2011 data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). 12,499 Chinese adults aged ≥ 18 years with complete blood pressure (BP) values were selected for the present analysis.Results The crude prevalence (95% CI) of hypertension according to the definitions from 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and the 2010 Chinese guideline was 58.0% (57.2% to 58.9%) and 25.4% (24.7% to 26.2%), respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage of recommended anti-hypertensive medications was 31.5% and 28.8%. Among adults who taking anti-hypertensive medications, the percentage of which had above goal BP level was 88.8% compared to 53.3%. Overall, 613.3 million Chinese adults (aged ≥ 18 years) met the definition for hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, for which was 267.7 million according to the 2010 Chinese guideline. An additional 28.4 million (2.7%) Chinese adults were recommended anti-hypertensive medication.Conclusions The present analysis revealed that 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline will result in a substantial increase in the percentage and number of Chinese adults defined as having hypertension and a small increase in the percentage of adults who are recommended anti-hypertensive medications compared to the 2010 Chinese guideline. More intensive management and anti-hypertensive medications are suggested to improve the control rate of hypertension among Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of the 2017 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline on Chinese Adults and How to Address Them

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yundi Jiao ◽  
Zhaoqing Sun ◽  
Yanxia Xie ◽  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Crude Prevalence

Abstract Background: The current analysis was performed to estimate the percentage and number of Chinese adults with hypertension and the percentage and number of Chinese adults recommended to receive pharmacological antihypertensive treatment according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline compared with the same parameters according to the 2010 Chinese guideline. Methods: We use2011 data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A total of 12,499 Chinese adults aged ≥ 18 years with complete blood pressure (BP) values were selected for the present analysis. Results: The crude prevalence rates (95% CI) of hypertension according to the definitions from the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and the 2010 Chinese guideline were 58.0% (57.2% to 58.9%) and 25.4% (24.7% to 26.2%), respectively. Moreover, the percentage of the participants recommended to take antihypertensive medications were 31.5% and 28.8%, respectively. Among adults who took antihypertensive medications, 88.8% had above-goal BP levels compared to 53.3%. Overall, 613.3 million Chinese adults (aged ≥ 18 years) met the criteria for hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, and 267.7 million met the criteria according to 2010 Chinese guideline. An additional 28.4 million (2.7%) Chinese adults were recommended to take antihypertensive medication. Conclusions: The present analysis revealed that the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline will result in a substantial increase in the percentage and number of Chinese adults defined as having hypertension and a small increase in the percentage of adults who are recommended to take antihypertensive medications compared to the same parameters based on the 2010 Chinese guideline. More intensive management and antihypertensive medications use are suggested to improve the control rate of hypertension among Chinese adults.

Step-Defined Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged Japanese: The National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Inoue ◽  
Yumiko Ohya ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Teruichi Shimomitsu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Background:Pedometers are becoming widely accepted for physical activity measurement. To use step data effectively, an index which categorizes steps/day by < 5000, ≥ 5000, ≥ 7500, ≥ 10,000, and ≥ 12,500 steps/day has been previously proposed. However, evidence is insufficient to validate this index compared with health outcomes. This study examined the association of steps/day categories with cardiovascular (CVD) risk.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006, including 1166 men and 1453 women aged 40–64 years, were analyzed to calculate odds ratios (OR) for having CVD risk including overweight/obesity, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and clustered risk factors by steps/day categories.Results:Among men, inverse gradient associations between steps/day categories and CVD risk (overweight/obesity, blood pressure, HbA1c, and clustered risk factors) were observed. Among women, those taking ≥ 5000 steps/day had substantially lower risk of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure compared with those taking < 5000 steps/day. However, additional decreases of OR by taking more steps were modest among women.Conclusions:CVD risk was generally lower with higher steps/day categories. Given the limitations of cross-sectional design, further studies, especially using longitudinal designs, are needed to precisely calibrate the association between steps/day and CVD risk.

scholarly journals Moderate Intake of Lean Red Meat Was Associated with Lower Risk of Elevated Blood Pressure in Chinese Women: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1991–2015

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Qiumin Huang ◽  
Liusen Wang ◽  
Hongru Jiang ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Red Meat Intake

This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between fatty and lean, fresh red meat intake and blood pressure (BP) in Chinese adults. The data were from nine waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2015), a longitudinal, open cohort study. The surveys were conducted in 303 urban and rural communities of 15 provinces in China. Collected by consecutive three-day 24-h dietary recalls combined with household weighing for foods or only condiments, the diet exposure of interest was daily red meat intake and its subtypes (fatty versus lean) defined by 10-g fat content per 100 g. The main outcome was systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and risk of elevated BP defined as having a mean of SBP ≥ 135 mmHg, DBP ≥ 85 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. Three-level mixed-effect regressions showed women had SBP increases of 2.19 mmHg (95% CI: 1.07, 4.46) from a higher intake of total fresh red meat, 2.42 mmHg (95% CI: 1.18, 4.94) from a higher intake of fatty, fresh red meat, as well as 0.48 mmHg (95% CI: 0.26, 0.88) from a higher intake of lean, fresh red meat in the top tertile versus bottom one when adjusted for potential confounders. After adjusting for survey years, women with the highest tertile of lean, fresh red meat intake had a 32% lower risk of elevated BP (OR 0.68, 95%CI:0.48, 0.96) as compared with those with the first tertile (non-consumer). Fatty and lean, fresh red meat intakes were differentially associated with BP among Chinese adults. Further research is required to elicit the potential mechanism on gender-specific differential association of fatty versus lean, fresh red meat with BP.

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