scholarly journals Whole-Genome Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Poultry Sources in Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Tae-Min La ◽  
Taesoo Kim ◽  
Hong-Jae Lee ◽  
Joong-Bok Lee ◽  
Seung-Yong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

The Salmonella Enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of main serovars isolated from human patients with food poisoning and poultry without clinical signs. Consumption of poultry products contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis is a common source of human salmonellosis; 82 Salmonella spp. were isolated from 291 samples of retail chicken meat, 201 one-day-old chicks, 30 internal organs of chickens, 156 chicken eggs, 100 duck eggs, 38 straw bedding samples, 18 samples of retail duck meat, and 19 swab samples from slaughterhouses in 2019 and 2020. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all isolates, revealing 33 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The whole genome of 33 MDR strains isolated in 2019 and 2020 and 10 strains isolated in 2011, 2012, and 2017 was sequenced using the MinION sequencing protocol. Within these 43 samples, 5 serovars were identified: S. Enteritidis, S. Agona, S. Virchow, S. Albany, and S. Bareilly. The most common serovar was S. Enteritidis (26/43), which showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (100%), followed by nalidixic acid (90%) and colistin (83%). Core genome multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that the S. Enteritidis strains isolated from different sources and in different years were clustered together. In addition, the S. Enteritidis strains isolated since 2011 consistently harbored the same antibiotic resistance patterns.

Incidence of Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in Poultry Carcasses and Different Types of Poultry Products for Sale on the Belgian Retail Market

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. UYTTENDAELE ◽  
P. DE TROY ◽  
J. DEBEVERE
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Poultry Products

From January 1997 to May 1998, 772 samples of poultry carcasses and poultry products for sale on the retail market in Belgium were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes per 100 cm2 or 25 g. Poultry samples were contaminated with Salmonella (36.5%), C. jejuni and C. coli (28.5%), and L. monocytogenes (38.2%). In about 12.3% of the poultry samples, the L. monocytogenes contamination level exceeded 1 CFU per g or cm2. Significant differences in pathogen contamination rates of poultry products were noticed between the poultry products originating from Belgian, French, and U.K. abattoirs. Poultry products derived from broiler chickens running free in pine woods until slaughtering age (12 to 13 weeks) had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower contamination rate of Salmonella than poultry products from enclosed broilers slaughtered at the age of 6 to 8 weeks. A significantly (P < 0.05) lower pathogen contamination rate was noted for Salmonella, C. jejuni, and C. coli for poultry cuts without skin compared to poultry cuts with skin on. An increase in pathogen contamination rate was noticed during cutting and further processing. To diminish C. jejuni, C. coli, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes contamination rates, hygienic rules of slaughter and meat processing must be rigorously observed. At the moment, zero tolerance for these pathogens is not feasible, and there is a need to establish criteria allowing these pathogens to be present at reasonable levels in the examined poultry samples.

scholarly journals Setup, Validation, and Quality Control of a Centralized Whole-Genome-Sequencing Laboratory: Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cath Arnold ◽  
Kirstin Edwards ◽  
Meeta Desai ◽  
Steve Platt ◽  
Jonathan Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis

ABSTRACT Routine use of whole-genome analysis for infectious diseases can be used to enlighten various scenarios pertaining to public health, including identification of microbial pathogens, relating individual cases to an outbreak of infectious disease, establishing an association between an outbreak of food poisoning and a specific food vehicle, inferring drug susceptibility, source tracing of contaminants, and study of variations in the genome that affect pathogenicity/virulence. We describe the setup, validation, and ongoing verification of a centralized whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) laboratory to carry out sequencing for these public health functions for the National Infection Services, Public Health England, in the United Kingdom. The performance characteristics and quality control metrics measured during validation and verification of the entire end-to-end process (accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and repeatability) are described and include information regarding the automated pass and release of data to service users without intervention.

scholarly journals Extensive global movement of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains revealed by whole-genome analysis

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keira A Cohen ◽  
Abigail L Manson ◽  
Thomas Abeel ◽  
Christopher A Desjardins ◽  
Sinead B Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Genomic Studies

BackgroundWhile the international spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is an acknowledged public health threat, a broad and more comprehensive examination of the global spread of MDR-tuberculosis (TB) using whole-genome sequencing has not yet been performed.MethodsIn a global dataset of 5310 M. tuberculosis whole-genome sequences isolated from five continents, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to identify and characterise clades of MDR-TB with respect to geographic dispersion.ResultsExtensive international dissemination of MDR-TB was observed, with identification of 32 migrant MDR-TB clades with descendants isolated in 17 unique countries. Relatively recent movement of strains from both Beijing and non-Beijing lineages indicated successful global spread of varied genetic backgrounds. Migrant MDR-TB clade members shared relatively recent common ancestry, with a median estimate of divergence of 13–27 years. Migrant extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB clades were not observed, although development of XDR-TB within migratory MDR-TB clades was common.ConclusionsApplication of genomic techniques to investigate global MDR migration patterns revealed extensive global spread of MDR clades between countries of varying TB burden. Further expansion of genomic studies to incorporate isolates from diverse global settings into a single analysis, as well as data sharing platforms that facilitate genomic data sharing across country lines, may allow for future epidemiological analyses to monitor for international transmission of MDR-TB. In addition, efforts to perform routine whole-genome sequencing on all newly identified M. tuberculosis, like in England, will serve to better our understanding of the transmission dynamics of MDR-TB globally.

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken carcasses and giblets in Southern Chile

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ulloa ◽  
Mario Gonzalez ◽  
Carlos Hernandez ◽  
Maria Paz Villanueva ◽  
Heriberto Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Raw Poultry

Background: Gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella spp. is mainly related to the consumption of undercooked chicken meat or raw poultry products. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in chicken carcasses and giblets commercialized in Southern Chile (Valdivia city). Methodology: A total of 560 samples were collected from four supermarkets and one poultry products dealer, during two periods (autumn-winter and spring-summer periods), and analysed for Salmonella using standard bacteriological procedures. Results: Five out of 280 analyzed carcasses (1.8%) and one out of 280 (0.4%) chicken giblets were Salmonella positive. The isolation frequency of Salmonella spp. considering the total samples analyzed was 1.1%. Salmonella Enteritidis was the only serotype isolated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in the isolation rates between the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods were found. Conclusion: Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated in low frequency from chicken carcasses and giblets commercialized in Southern Chile (Valdivia city); however, in spite of the low frequency of contaminated samples, this kind of food could be a potential vehicle of Salmonella infection to humans.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistant and ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3045
Author(s):  
Marielen de Souza ◽  
Daniela Aguiar Penha Brito ◽  
Maísa Fabiana Menck-Costa ◽  
Alexandre Oba ◽  
Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Foodborne Infection

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents responsible for foodborne infection in humans, and products of poultry origin are the most common infection sources. Studies have shown the occurrence of antimicrobials resistant Salmonella spp. in animal products. The Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) are enzymes that confer to bacteria the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin with an oximino side chain and monobactams. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, identify phenotypes and genotypes for multiple drug resistance (MDR) and that produce ESBL from isolates of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain. We used samples of Salmonella spp. (n=11) isolates from poultry, poultry products and poultry-source environment from the state of Maranhão - Brazil. The isolates of Salmonella spp. assessed showed genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of MDR. The results show that 72.72% (08/11) of the strains presented the phenotypic profile for ESBL production. The isolates showed positivity to at least 13.64% (03/22) of the genes studied and the highest frequencies were observed in genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB and tetC, with 45%. In conclusion, the strains of Salmonella spp. isolates present genotypic and phenotypic characteristics for MDR and ESBL production, demonstrating the dissemination risk of these microorganisms through the food chain.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp. in Poultry and Approach for Its Indigenous Bio-control

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Farzana Ehetasum Hossain ◽  
Sharmin Akther ◽  
Atqiya Fahmida Tajalli
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

A significant limitation to flourish poultry industry in Bangladesh is the emergence of multidrug resistance pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella spp. due to uncontrolled use of antibiotics for disease treatment. An alternative to antibiotics could be the application of probiotics. About 120 cloacal-swabs from poultry birds were investigated, seventy two (72) isolates of Salmonella spp. and twenty two (22) isolates of lactic acid bacteria (out of 50)were identified respectively by cultural, morphological and biochemical tests presumptively. Antibiotic sensitivity test of Salmonella spp. was performed, followed by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assay with six antibiotic groups. All those isolates of Salmonella spp. were found to be highly resistant to â-lactam, cephalosporin, tetracycline and macrolide, highly sensitive to carbapenem and moderately sensitive to aminoglycosides. Then Salmonella spp. were used as a target for the prospective probiotic bacteria which were screened based on antimicrobial activity against those multidrug resistance Salmonella spp. In antagonism assay such as disc diffusion and one-streak method, it was revealed that five lactic acid bacteria showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella spp. Further, lactic acid bacteria were characterized based on their tolerance ability to pH and NaCl, antibiotic susceptibility test. The tolerance range of Lactic acid bacteria was about pH (3.5-9.5), NaCl (4-8) % and also resistant to antibiotics groups like B lactam, aminoglycosides, and quinolone. Then 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis was performed for molecular identification of potential probiotic bacteria. One representative isolate was identified as phylogenetically closed relative to Pediococcus acidilactici. This study was able to demonstrate that Pediococcus acidilactici as anindigenous probiotic candidate to inhibit the growth of isolated multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in poultry. The potent probiotic candidate Pediococcus sp. could be used to counter bacterial diseases in poultry, thereby it could ensure food safety in the poultry industries of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 83-90

Spread of a Major Clone of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis in Poultry and in Salmonellosis Outbreaks in Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN APELLANIS BORGES ◽  
THALES QUEDI FURIAN ◽  
SARA NEVES de SOUZA ◽  
EDUARDO CÉSAR TONDO ◽  
ANDRÉ FELIPE STRECK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Clonal Relationship ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Major Clone ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping

ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. are among the most important agents of foodborne diseases all over the world. Human Salmonella outbreaks are often associated with the consumption of poultry products (meat and eggs), and one of the most prevalent serotypes associated with these products is Salmonella Enteritidis. Brazil is one of the most important poultry exporters in the world. In southern Brazil, three closely related clones of Salmonella Enteritidis have been responsible for the majority of foodborne Salmonella outbreaks over the past decade. However, until now, there has been little information regarding the clonal relationship among the Brazilian Salmonella strains of avian origin and those involved in foodborne outbreaks. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to complete the molecular characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry and food sources involved in Salmonella outbreaks. PCR ribotyping was performed to discriminate the strains into different ribotype profiles according to the banding pattern amplification. This technique was able to differentiate the Salmonella Enteritidis strains into two banding patterns: R2 and R4. R2 accounted for 98.7% of the strains. DNA sequencing of the 600-bp fragment, present in all ribotypes, was applied to confirm this result. The sequences generated showed high levels of similarity, ranging from 99.7 to 100%, and were grouped into a single cluster. These results suggest that there is a clonal relationship among the Salmonella Enteritidis strains responsible for several salmonellosis outbreaks and the strains collected from poultry sources.

scholarly journals Whole genome analysis of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii B9-C2 isolated from preterm neonate’s stool in the first week

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Soo Xi Yap ◽  
Azanna Ahmad Kamar ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Ivan Kok Seng Yap ◽  
Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis

scholarly journals ELISAs and the serological analysis of salmonella infections in poultry: a review

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Serological Analysis ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Salmonella Infections

Large increases in the number of cases of human food-poisoning caused by salmonella have occurred in several countries in recent years. In England and Wales the annual number of bacteriologically confirmed cases rose from 10665 in 1981 to 30112 in 1990 and it is generally accepted that these figures are underestimates. The reasons for the unprecedented increase are largely unknown but may include increases in the consumption of convenience foods, poultry, and poultry products, together with a dramatic increase inSalmonella enteritidisinfections in poultry.S. enteritidisandS. typhimuriumare now the predominant serotypes both in human disease and in poultry.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality Assessment of Foods collected from Different Hospitals within Dhaka City

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazle Alam Rabbi ◽  
Fazle Rabbi ◽  
TA Runun ◽  
Khadiza Zaman ◽  
M Majibur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Microbiological Criteria

Various types of cooked food samples were collected from six different hospitals within the city of Dhaka and they were analyzed for the presence (if any) of total aerobic count (TAC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSA) in order to determine the levels of contamination and to relate these findings to the hygiene practice of the food handlers. According to Gulf standard for microbiological criteria for foodstuff, all of the food samples exceeded the acceptable total aerobic count limit of 5 x 105 cfu/g while 4 out of 6 samples exceeded coliform count limit of 1x102 cfu/g. The total coliform counts were found to be the highest in the fish (1.6 x 107 cfu/g) and egg (2.2 x 106 cfu/g) curry samples of hospital 1 and hospital 4, respectively and were the lowest in the fish curry (2 x 103 cfu/g) of hospital 4. Staphylococcus aureus was found in all of the food samples with the highest occurrence (too numerous to count) in Dal and Rice samples from hospitals 3 and 6, respectively. On Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar, no black centered colony but many colorless colonies were found which primarily indicated the absence of Salmonella spp. in those samples. In order to identify pathogenic microorganisms from food samples, a series of conventional biochemical tests were performed with 23 randomly selected isolates from MacConkey, XLD, MSA agar plates. The isolates were presumptively identified as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. etc. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed with eleven selected isolates using six commonly prescribed antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracyclines, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, gentamicin and azithromycin). The results showed that six isolates were resistant to vancomycin, two isolates were multidrug resistant and one isolate was intermediately resistant to azithromycin. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Based on the data, it can be suggested that adequate hygiene practices are required after cooking the foods and before serving them as they reconsider.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v1i1.9100  Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.1(1), July 2011, p.31-36  

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