scholarly journals Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Cattle and Sheep in Northern Spain and Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance in Two Studies 10-years Apart

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medelin Ocejo ◽  
Beatriz Oporto ◽  
Ana Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Similar Survey

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014–2016 in 301 ruminant herds to estimate C. jejuni and C. coli prevalence, and investigate their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Risk of shedding C. jejuni was higher in cattle than sheep (81.2% vs. 45.2%; ORadj = 5.22, p < 0.001), whereas risk of shedding C. coli was higher in sheep than in cattle (19.1% vs. 11.3%; ORadj = 1.71, p = 0.128). Susceptibility to six antimicrobials was determined by broth microdilution using European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) epidemiological cut-off values. C. coli exhibited higher resistance (94.1%, 32/34) than C. jejuni (65.1%, 71/109), and resistance was more widespread in isolates from dairy cattle than beef cattle or sheep. Compared to results obtained 10-years earlier (2003–2005) in a similar survey, an increase in fluoroquinolone-resistance was observed in C. jejuni from beef cattle (32.0% to 61.9%; OR = 3.45, p = 0.020), and a decrease in tetracycline-resistance in C. jejuni from dairy cattle (75.0% to 43.2%; OR = 0.25, p = 0.026). Resistance to macrolides remained stable at low rates and restricted to C. coli from dairy cattle, with all macrolide-resistant C. coli showing a pattern of pan-resistance. Presence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated to quinolone and macrolide resistance was confirmed in all phenotypically resistant isolates. The increase in fluoroquinolone resistance is worrisome but susceptibility to macrolides is reassuring.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial use and resistance in Escherichia coli from healthy food-producing animals in Guadeloupe

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Gruel ◽  
Arantxa Sellin ◽  
Hélène Riveiro ◽  
Matthieu Pot ◽  
Sébastien Breurec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Selection pressure exerted by use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine is responsible for increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The objectives of this study were to better understand antimicrobial use in pigs, beef cattle, and poultry on farms on Guadeloupe, French West Indies, and to acquire data on AMR in Escherichia coli in these food-producing animals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 45 farms on Guadeloupe, and practical use of antimicrobials was documented in declarative interviews between March and July 2018. A total of 216 fecal samples were collected between January 2018 and May 2019, comprising 124 from pigs, 75 from beef cattle, and 17 from poultry litter. E. coli isolates were obtained for further testing by isolation and identification from field samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screening for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, tetA, and tetB resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction on extracted genomic DNA were performed. Results The study showed rational use of antimicrobials, consisting of occasional use for curative treatment by veterinary prescription. Tetracycline was the most commonly used antimicrobial, but its use was not correlated to E. coli resistance. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli isolates were detected in 7.3% of pigs, 14.7% of beef cattle, and 35.3% of poultry. blaCTX-M-1 was the predominant gene found in ESBL-E. coli isolates (68.8%), followed by blaCTX-M-15 (31.3%). Conclusion Despite rational use of antimicrobials, the rate of ESBL-E. coli in food-producing animals in Guadeloupe, although moderate, is a concern. Further studies are in progress to better define the genetic background of the ESBL-E. coli isolates. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ON CATTLE BREEDS IN INDONESIA USING BOVINE 50K

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Habib Rijzaani ◽  
Dani Satyawan ◽  
Anneke Anggraeni ◽  
Dwinita Wikan Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Snp Chip ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Base Extension

<p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) abundant in bovine genome influence genetic variation in biological mechanism. The study aimed to identify SNPs on Indonesian cattle breeds and analyze their genetic diversity using Bovine 50K SNP chip. Twenty eight "Ongole Grade" (OG) beef cattle and 20 "Holstein Friesian" (HF) dairy cattle were used for the Infinium II assay test. This assay included amplification of genomic DNA, fragmenta-tion, precipitation, resuspension, hybridization, processing bead chip for single-base extension, and imaging at iScan. Data and clusters were analyzed using GenomeStudio software. The Bovine 50K SNP chip containing 54,609 SNPs was observed spanning all chromosomes of bovine genome. Genotyping for the total SNPs was successfull based on Call Rate, GeneCall and GeneTrain scores. Most SNP markers had alleles that shared among the individuals or breeds, or had specific alleles at distinctive frequencies. Minor allele frequency (MAF) spreads equally with intervals of 0-0.5. The breeds of OG and HF tended to be separated in different clusters without considering their genetic history and twin or normal. This result suggests that most individuals are closely related to one another, regardless of the same breed. Some genes identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 17 and 18 were located in the loci/regions that contained SNPs with specific alleles of either HF or OG breed. These SNPs were more powerful for differentiation of beef cattle and dairy cattle than among individuals in the same breed. These SNP variations and genetic relatedness among individuals and breeds serve basic information for cattle breeding in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Antimicrobial use and resistance in Escherichia coli from healthy food-producing animals in Guadeloupe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Gruel ◽  
Arantxa Sellin ◽  
Hélène Riveiro ◽  
Matthieu Pot ◽  
Sébastien Breurec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background Selection pressure exerted by overuse of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine is responsible for increasing resistance to antibiotics. The objectives of this study were (i) to better understand antimicrobial use in pigs, beef cattle, and poultry on farms of Guadeloupe, French West Indies, and (ii) to acquire data on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in these food-producing animals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 45 farms on Guadeloupe. Practical use of antimicrobials was documented in declarative interviews between March and July 2018. Fecal samples were collected from 216 pigs, beef cattle, and broiler chickens between January 2018 and May 2019. The samples were cultured for bacterial isolation and identification, antimicrobial testing, and screening for blaCTX−M, blaTEM, and tetA resistance genes by PCR on extracted genomic DNA. Results The study shows rational use of antimicrobials consisting of occasional use for curative treatment by veterinary prescription. Tetracycline was the most commonly used antimicrobial, but this was not correlated to E. coli resistance. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli isolates were detected in 7.3% of pigs, 14.7% of beef cattle and 35.3% of broilers. blaCTX−M−1 was the predominant gene found in ESBL E. coli isolates (68.8%), followed by blaCTX−M−15 (31.3%). Conclusion Despite rational use of antimicrobials, the rate of ESBL E. coli in food-producing animals in Guadeloupe, although moderate, is a concern. Further studies are in progress to better define the genetic background of the ESBL E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Factors that Affect Nonmarket Fruit and Vegetable Receptions: Analyses of Two Cross-Sectional Surveys in Gunma, Japan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Machida ◽  
Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

In this study, we identified the factors that affect the frequency of receiving nonmarket fruit and vegetables (FV). For Survey 1, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire for men aged 50–74 living in city (A) in Gunma, Japan. Participants were asked questions on FV receiving frequency, FV gardening, social cohesion (4–20 points), and basic characteristics. For Survey 2, a similar survey was conducted for residents aged 20–74 in three areas in city (B) in Gunma, but we included more variables. Ordinal logistic regression models were used for the analysis. In Survey 1, the responses of 243 participants were analyzed. The results showed that the FV receiving frequency was positively associated with non-gardeners and social cohesion. In Survey 2, the responses of 791 participants were analyzed. Vegetable receiving frequency was positively associated with rural and suburban areas, family structure, employment status, and non-farmers. The relationship between receiving frequency and social cohesion was similar to that found in Survey 1. In conclusion, in areas with flourishing FV cultivation, it seems to be easy to obtain FV through the social networks of reception, even for individuals who are not cultivating FV themselves.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Nonmarket Fruit and Vegetable Receiving: Analyses of Two Cross-Sectional Surveys in Gunma, Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Machida ◽  
Tohru Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

In this communication, we clarified the factors affecting the nonmarket fruit and vegetable (FV) receiving frequency. For Survey 1, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire for men aged 50—74 in city (A) in Gunma, Japan. Participants were asked questions regarding FV receiving frequency, FV gardening, social cohesion (4 to 20 points), and basic characteristics. For Survey 2, a similar survey was conducted for residents aged 20—74 in three areas in city (B) in Gunma, but we added more variables. For analysis, ordinal logistic regression models were used. In the survey 1, 243 participants were used for analysis. As a result, FV receiving frequency was positively associated with non-gardeners, and social cohesion. In Survey 2, 791 participants were used for analyses. For Survey 2, vegetable receiving frequency was positively associated with rural and suburban area, family structure, employment status, and non-farmers. The relationship between receiving frequency and social cohesion was similar to that found in Survey 1. In conclusion, in areas where FV cultivation flourished, it appears easy to obtain FV through the social networks of receiving, even for those who are not cultivating themselves.

scholarly journals A Serological Survey of Akabane Virus Infection in Cattle in Sudan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Mohammed E. A. Mansour ◽  
Awadia A. A. Shamon ◽  
A. M. El Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Akabane Virus ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in ten states in Sudan to determine seroprevalence and to assess risk factors associated with Akabane virus (AKAV) infection in dairy herds. Serum samples were collected from a total of 361 dairy cattle and tested for antibodies against AKAV using ELISA. The prevalence rates of AKAV antibodies in cattle varied between 69.6% in Khartoum state and 3.3% in Sennar State with an overall prevalence rate of 29.4%. The prevalence rates of AKAV antibodies were significantly associated with breed being high in crossbred (39.9%; P<0.001); female sex (33%; P<0.001), and animals in the age group of 2-3 years old (45.3%; P<0.001). Akabane virus antibodies prevalence was also highly associated with locality (P<0.001); season being high in winter season (58.1%; P<0.001); and animals raised under intensive management system (37%; P<0.001). Among 68 cases suffering from reproductive (abortion and infertility) problems the prevalence rate of AKAV antibodies in animals with infertility problem (76.2%; P<0.03) was significantly higher than in animals with abortion (48.9%). The study revealed that AKAV infection is highly prevalent in dairy cattle in Sudan and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.

scholarly journals Factors that Affect Nonmarket Fruit and Vegetable Receptions: Analyses of Two Cross-Sectional Surveys in Gunma, Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Machida ◽  
Tohru Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

In this study, we identified the factors that affect the frequency of receiving nonmarket fruit and vegetables (FV). For Survey 1, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire for men aged 50&ndash;74 living in city (A) in Gunma, Japan. Participants were asked questions on FV receiving frequency, FV gardening, social cohesion (4&ndash;20 points), and basic characteristics. For Survey 2, a similar survey was conducted for residents aged 20&ndash;74 in three areas in city (B) in Gunma, but we included more variables. Ordinal logistic regression models were used for the analysis. In Survey 1, the responses of 243 participants were analyzed. The results showed that the FV receiving frequency was positively associated with non-gardeners and social cohesion. In Survey 2, the responses of 791 participants were analyzed. Vegetable receiving frequency was positively associated with rural and suburban areas, family structure, employment status, and non-farmers. The relationship between receiving frequency and social cohesion was similar to that found in Survey 1. In conclusion, in areas with flourishing FV cultivation, it seems to be easy to obtain FV through the social networks of reception, even for individuals who are not cultivating FV themselves.

scholarly journals Zoonotic approach to Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli: integrated analysis of virulence and antimicrobial resistance in ruminants and humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Oporto ◽  
M. Ocejo ◽  
M. Alkorta ◽  
J. M. Marimón ◽  
M. Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Clinical Cases

AbstractIn 2014–2016, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 115 sheep, 104 beef and 82 dairy cattle herds to estimate Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) prevalence, and collected data on human clinical cases of infection. Isolates were characterised (stx1,stx2,eae,ehxA) and serogroups O157 and O111 identified by PCR, and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles were determined by broth microdilution. STEC were more frequently isolated from beef cattle herds (63.5%) and sheep flocks (56.5%) than from dairy cattle herds (30.5%) (P< 0.001). A similar but non-significant trend was observed for O157:H7 STEC. In humans, mean annual incidence rate was 1.7 cases/100 000 inhabitants for O157 STEC and 4.7 for non-O157 STEC, but cases concentrated among younger patients. Distribution of virulence genes in STEC strains from ruminants differed from those from human clinical cases. Thus,stx2 was significantly associated with animal STEC isolates (O157 and non-O157),ehxA to ruminant O157 STEC (P= 0.004) andeaeto human non-O157 STEC isolates (P< 0.001). Resistance was detected in 21.9% of human and 5.2% of animal O157 STEC isolates, whereas all non-O157 isolates were fully susceptible. In conclusion, STEC were widespread in ruminants, but only some carried virulence genes associated with severe disease in humans; AMR in ruminants was low but profiles were similar to those found in human isolates.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ON CATTLE BREEDS IN INDONESIA USING BOVINE 50K

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Habib Rijzaani ◽  
Dani Satyawan ◽  
Anneke Anggraeni ◽  
Dwinita Wikan Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Snp Chip ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Base Extension

<p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) abundant in bovine genome influence genetic variation in biological mechanism. The study aimed to identify SNPs on Indonesian cattle breeds and analyze their genetic diversity using Bovine 50K SNP chip. Twenty eight "Ongole Grade" (OG) beef cattle and 20 "Holstein Friesian" (HF) dairy cattle were used for the Infinium II assay test. This assay included amplification of genomic DNA, fragmenta-tion, precipitation, resuspension, hybridization, processing bead chip for single-base extension, and imaging at iScan. Data and clusters were analyzed using GenomeStudio software. The Bovine 50K SNP chip containing 54,609 SNPs was observed spanning all chromosomes of bovine genome. Genotyping for the total SNPs was successfull based on Call Rate, GeneCall and GeneTrain scores. Most SNP markers had alleles that shared among the individuals or breeds, or had specific alleles at distinctive frequencies. Minor allele frequency (MAF) spreads equally with intervals of 0-0.5. The breeds of OG and HF tended to be separated in different clusters without considering their genetic history and twin or normal. This result suggests that most individuals are closely related to one another, regardless of the same breed. Some genes identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 17 and 18 were located in the loci/regions that contained SNPs with specific alleles of either HF or OG breed. These SNPs were more powerful for differentiation of beef cattle and dairy cattle than among individuals in the same breed. These SNP variations and genetic relatedness among individuals and breeds serve basic information for cattle breeding in Indonesia.</p>

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽  
Yanzheng Liu ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Olga Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Strains ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

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