scholarly journals Water-in-Oil Nano-Emulsions Prepared by Spontaneous Emulsification: New Insights on the Formulation Process

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Salman Akram ◽  
Nicolas Anton ◽  
Ziad Omran ◽  
Thierry Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Mixing Rates ◽  
Formulation Parameters ◽  
Nano Emulsion

Nano-emulsions consist of stable suspensions of nano-scaled droplets that have huge loading capacities and are formulated with safe compounds. For these reasons, a large number of studies have described the potential uses of nano-emulsions, focusing on various aspects such as formulation processes, loading capabilities, and surface modifications. These studies typically concern direct nano-emulsions (i.e., oil-in-water), whereas studies on reverse nano-emulsions (i.e., water-in-oil) remain anecdotal. However, reverse nano-emulsion technology is very promising (e.g., as an alternative to liposome technology) for the development of drug delivery systems that encapsulate hydrophilic compounds within double droplets. The spontaneous emulsification process has the added advantages of optimization of the energetic yield, potential for industrial scale-up, improved loading capabilities, and preservation of fragile compounds targeted for encapsulation. In this study, we propose a detailed investigation of the processes and formulation parameters involved in the spontaneous nano-emulsification that produces water-in-oil nano-emulsions. The following details were addressed: (i) the order of mixing of the different compounds (method A and method B), (ii) mixing rates, (iii) amount of surfactants, (iv) type and mixture of surfactants, (v) amount of dispersed phase, and (vi) influence of the nature of the oil. The results emphasized the effects of the formulation parameters (e.g., the volume fraction of the dispersed phase, nature or concentration of surfactant, or nature of the oil) on the nature and properties of the nano-emulsions formed.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Oil-In-Water Nano-Emulsion Formulation Against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2448-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Yang ◽  
C. A. Powell ◽  
Y. P. Duan ◽  
M. Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Therapeutic Efficiency ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Emulsion Formulation ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Nano Emulsion

Nano-emulsion is a promising delivery system for increasing pesticide use and enhancing the therapeutic efficiency against pathogens. The pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) that causes destructive citrus huanglongbing (HLB) resides in citrus phloem, which makes it difficult to treat with chemicals. Based on various physiochemical characteristics of oils, surfactants, and organic solvents, an oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsion formulation was developed and optimized to combat citrus HLB. The nano-emulsion was formulated through a spontaneous emulsification method for efficient delivery of ampicillin into the citrus phloem using bark application. The nano-emulsion that was prepared from Cremophor EL (viscous oil), acetone (water miscibility organic solvent), and Span 80/Tween 80 (surfactant) formed a small droplet size (17.33 ± 0.52 nm) and exhibited an improved absorption rate. Peak concentration was detected at 2 days posttreatment and the maximum concentration (Cmax) and relative bioavailability (RBA) of ampicillin in HLB-affected citrus were 71.86 ± 35.38 ng/g and 267.25% ± 44.1%, respectively. The peak concentration of Amp appeared at 6 days posttreatment in the citrus trees that were treated with Amp alone and their Cmax and RBA were 56.44 ± 32.59 ng/g and 100%, respectively. The same nano-emulsion was used to deliver five different antimicrobials to control citrus HLB through bark application. We found that the droplet size of the antimicrobials in the nano-emulsion was significantly reduced and the nano-emulsion also enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of validoxylamine A alone and in combination with actidione as well as sulfadimoethoxine sodium against Las. Therefore, this study provides an efficient bark application nano-emulsion formulation for citrus HLB control.

scholarly journals In-Situ Continuous Monitoring of the Viscosity of Surfactant-Stabilized and Nanoparticles-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upinder Bains ◽  
Rajinder Pal
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Shear Thinning Fluids ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability

An in-situ method of measuring the viscosity of unstable and stable emulsions on a continuous basis under agitation conditions was developed and utilized to investigate the viscous behaviour of surfactant-stabilized and nanoparticles-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions at different volume fractions of the dispersed phase (oil). The stability characteristics (droplet size and phase-separation) of emulsions under quiescent conditions were also determined with the aging of emulsions. Emulsions are Newtonian at low volume fractions of the dispersed phase. At high concentrations of the dispersed phase, emulsions behave as non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluids. The nanoparticles-stabilized (Pickering) emulsions are unstable in comparison with the surfactant-stabilized emulsions. The droplet sizes of Pickering emulsions increase rapidly with aging, whereas the droplet sizes of surfactant-stabilized remain nearly the same over a period of 24 h. However, Pickering emulsions are much more viscous than the surfactant-stabilized emulsions when comparison is made at the same volume fraction of the dispersed phase.

Emulsions and foams

Surfactants ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 350-399
Author(s):  
Bob Aveyard
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Size ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Laplace Pressure ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Surfactant Monolayers ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Small Bubbles ◽  
Oil Type

Methods of formation of emulsions and foams are given; both types of system are stabilized by surfactants. Emulsions can be oil-in-water or water-in-oil type and the preferred type is discussed in terms of the hydrophile–lipophile balance of the system, which ultimately depends on the preferred curvature of close-packed surfactant monolayers at droplet interfaces. Droplet and bubble size distributions in emulsions and foams respectively, evolve with time through Ostwald ripening (bubble disproportionation in foams); larger drops (bubbles) grow at the expense of smaller ones since the Laplace pressure in small bubbles/drops exceeds that in large ones. Creaming occurs in emulsions (if drops are less dense than the medium) and in foams so the volume fraction of dispersed phase, ϕ‎, changes with height. At high ϕ‎ both emulsions and foams assume polyhedral structures giving high internal phase emulsions and ‘dry’ foams, respectively. Methods of breaking unwanted emulsions and foams are described.

scholarly journals Collagen peptide-loaded W1/O single emulsions and W1/O/W2 double emulsions: influence of collagen peptide and salt concentration, dispersed phase fraction and type of hydrophilic emulsifier on droplet stability and encapsulation efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3312-3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Ji Jo ◽  
Heike Petra Karbstein ◽  
Ulrike Sabine van der Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Phase Fraction ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Double Emulsions ◽  
Collagen Peptide ◽  
Droplet Stability ◽  
Formulation Parameters

Collagen peptide-loaded double emulsions are developed by using various formulation parameters to utilize as food-grade functional ingredients with excellent droplet stability and encapsulation efficiency of collagen peptide.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Effect of Oil Volume Fractions in an Oil-Water Flows Along a Circular Pipe: A Finite Element Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ferdusee Akter ◽  
Md. Bhuyan ◽  
Ujjwal Deb
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Galerkin Approximation ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Two Phase Flows ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Element Approach

Two phase flows in pipelines are very common in industries for the oil transportations. The aim of our work is to observe the effect of oil volume fraction in the oil in water two phase flows. The study has been accomplished using a computational model which is based on a Finite Element Method (FEM) named Galerkin approximation. The velocity profiles and volume fractions are performed by numerical simulations and we have considered the COMSOL Multiphysics Software version 4.2a for our simulation. The computational domain is 8m in length and 0.05m in radius. The results show that the velocity of the mixture decreases as the oil volume fraction increases. It should be noted that if we gradually increase the volume fractions of oil, the fluid velocity also changes and the saturated level of the volume fraction is 22.3%.

The Role of Excess Attractive Particles in the Elasticity of High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsu Chae ◽  
Siyoung Choi ◽  
KyuHan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
High Internal Phase Emulsion ◽  
Internal Phase

A high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), which has a volume fraction of dispersed phase of over 74%, shows a solid like property because of concentrated polyhedral droplets. Although many studies...

Study on Propylene Recovery in a Dispersed Absorption System-(Water-in-Oil) Emulsion System

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 6151-6155
Author(s):  
Hong Jing Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Emulsion System ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
System Water

The purpose of the paper is to investigate propylene recovery by a new absorption system, namely water-in-oil emulsion absorbent. Water in oil emulsion, in which kerosene used as oil phase with dispersed water droplet, is prepared to be as absorbent to absorb propylene. The effect of volume fraction dispersed phase, dispersed droplet size, and the stirring rate on propylene absorption rate are researched. Experimental results indicate that the absorption rate of propylene can increase 20% compared with traditional absorption method. The volume fraction dispersed phase should be appropriate, otherwise the enhancement absorption can not be attained. The appropriate number is 0.05 for this dispersion. The smaller droplet size of dispersed phase as well as the faster stirring rate can increase the propylene absorption rate. The mechanism of enhancement propylene absorption is attributed to the intensive turbulence in boundary layer between gas and liquid due to the movement of dispersed water droplets.

Mechanical and Structural Properties of Maltodextrin/Agarose Gel Composites

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystel Loret ◽  
William J. Frith ◽  
Peter J. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Mechanical And Structural Properties

Abstract When two biopolymers are mixed together, they will normally phase separate to give two distinct phases. If the biopolymers are gelled during this phase separation, for instance by reducing the temperature, one phase is trapped in this other one and an emulsion-like composite structure is obtained. In this study, we investigated the effect of volume fraction and droplet size of this dispersed phase on the mechanical properties of maltodextrin/agarose gel composites, where agarose is the dispersed phase. Mechanical properties of the different composites were investigated under large deformation using a rheometer with a vane geometry. These composites were also observed by confocal microscopy, allowing conclusions to be drawn regarding the microstructural origins of the observed mechanical behaviour.

Optimization of palm oil in water nano-emulsion with curcumin using microfluidizer and response surface methodology

LWT ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathi Raviadaran ◽  
Davannendran Chandran ◽  
Liew Huey Shin ◽  
Sivakumar Manickam
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Nano Emulsion
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