Latest Achievements in Polymer Optical Fiber Gratings: Fabrication and Applications

Grating devices in polymer optical fibers (POFs) have attracted huge interest for many potential applications in recent years. This paper presents the state of the art regarding the fabrication of different types of POF gratings, such as uniform, phase-shifted, tilted, chirped, and long period gratings, and explores potential application scenarios, such as biosensing and optical communications.

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Fast Inscription of Long Period Gratings in Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibers

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2018.2791663 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1919-1923 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rui Min ◽

Carlos Marques ◽

Kristian Nielsen ◽

Ole Bang ◽

Beatriz Ortega

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Long Period ◽

Long Period Gratings ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

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Recent Progress in Fabrications and Applications of Heating-Induced Long Period Fiber Gratings

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19204473 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (20) ◽

pp. 4473 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fu ◽

Wang ◽

Liu ◽

Bai ◽

Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Fiber Gratings ◽

Biochemical Sensors ◽

Long Period ◽

Photonic Bandgap Fibers ◽

Different Types ◽

Long Period Fiber Gratings ◽

Crystal Fibers

This paper presents a review of our work concerning the recent progress in fabrications and applications of heating-induced long period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Firstly, three kinds of heating fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser, hydrogen–oxygen flame and arc discharge are demonstrated to fabricate LPFGs, i.e., standard LPFGs (SLPFGs) and helical LPFGs (HLPFGs), in different types of optical fibers such as conventional fibers, photonic crystal fibers, and photonic bandgap fibers. Secondly, the all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode converters based on heating-induced SLPFGs and HLPFGs in different types of fibers are studied to increase the transmission capacity. Finally, the heating-induced SLPFGs and HLPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based strain, pressure, torsion and biochemical sensors.

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UV Inscription and Pressure Induced Long-Period Gratings through 3D Printed Amplitude Masks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21061977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1977

Author(s):

Ricardo Oliveira ◽

Liliana M. Sousa ◽

Ana M. Rocha ◽

Rogério Nogueira ◽

Lúcia Bilro

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Low Cost ◽

Resonance Wavelength ◽

Complex Structures ◽

Pressing Method ◽

Long Period ◽

Long Period Gratings ◽

3D Printed ◽

Mechanical Pressing ◽

First Time

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the capability to inscribe long-period gratings (LPGs) with UV radiation using simple and low cost amplitude masks fabricated with a consumer grade 3D printer. The spectrum obtained for a grating with 690 µm period and 38 mm length presented good quality, showing sharp resonances (i.e., 3 dB bandwidth < 3 nm), low out-of-band loss (~0.2 dB), and dip losses up to 18 dB. Furthermore, the capability to select the resonance wavelength has been demonstrated using different amplitude mask periods. The customization of the masks makes it possible to fabricate gratings with complex structures. Additionally, the simplicity in 3D printing an amplitude mask solves the problem of the lack of amplitude masks on the market and avoids the use of high resolution motorized stages, as is the case of the point-by-point technique. Finally, the 3D printed masks were also used to induce LPGs using the mechanical pressing method. Due to the better resolution of these masks compared to ones described on the state of the art, we were able to induce gratings with higher quality, such as low out-of-band loss (0.6 dB), reduced spectral ripples, and narrow bandwidths (~3 nm).

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Fabrication and characterization of arc-induced long period gratings in optical fibers with micro-channels

2020 IEEE Sensors ◽

10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278736 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anubhav Srivastava ◽

Flavio Esposito ◽

Joao M. B. Pereira ◽

Stefania Campopiano ◽

Agostino Iadicicco

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Long Period ◽

Long Period Gratings ◽

Micro Channels ◽

Fabrication And Characterization

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Production and characterization of Bragg gratings in polymer optical fibers for sensors and optical communications

10.1117/12.2058861 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Oliveira ◽

C. A. F. Marques ◽

L. Bilro ◽

R. N. Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Optical Communications ◽

Bragg Gratings ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

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3D printed long period gratings for optical fibers

Optics Letters ◽

10.1364/ol.41.001865 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 1865 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Victor Lambin Iezzi ◽

Jean-Sébastien Boisvert ◽

Sébastien Loranger ◽

Raman Kashyap

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Long Period ◽

Long Period Gratings ◽

3D Printed

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Emergence of self-organized long-period fiber gratings in supercontinuum-generating optical fibers

Optics Letters ◽

10.1364/ol.34.000668 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 668 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haohua Tu ◽

Xing Liang ◽

Daniel L. Marks ◽

Stephen A. Boppart

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Fiber Gratings ◽

Long Period ◽

Self Organized ◽

Long Period Fiber Gratings

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Recent Achievements on Grating Fabrications in Polymer Optical Fibers with Photosensitive Dopants: A Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym14020273 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Jie Jiang ◽

Nan Zhang ◽

Rui Min ◽

Xin Cheng ◽

Hang Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Refractive Index Change ◽

Fiber Bragg Gratings ◽

Bragg Gratings ◽

Fiber Gratings ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Broad Perspective ◽

Long Period Fiber Gratings ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers ◽

Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

This review discusses recent achievements on grating fabrications in polymer optical fibers doped with photosensitive materials. First, different photosensitive dopants in polymer optical fibers (POFs) are summarized, and their refractive index change mechanisms are discussed. Then, several different doping methods to fabricate the photosensitive POFs are presented. Following that, the principles of gratings, including standard fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs), chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs), phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (PSFBGs), and long period fiber gratings (LPFGs), are reported. Finally, fabrications of different gratings based on photosensitive POFs in the last 20 years are reported. We present our article clearly and logically, so that it will be helpful for researchers to explore a broad perspective on this proposed topic. Overall, the content provides a comprehensive overview of photosensitive POF fabrications and grating inscriptions in photosensitive POFs, including previous breakthroughs and recent advancements.

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