scholarly journals Overexpression of Type 1 and 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes (JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2) Enhances Oil Production in the Woody Perennial Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Tian-Tian Zhang ◽  
Huiying He ◽  
Chuan-Jia Xu ◽  
Qiantang Fu ◽  
Yan-Bin Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Late Stages

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to form triacylglycerol (TAG). The two main types of DGAT enzymes in the woody perennial biofuel plant Jatropha curcas, JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2, were previously characterized only in heterologous systems. In this study, we investigated the functions of JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 in J. curcas.JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 were found to be predominantly expressed during the late stages of J. curcas seed development, in which large amounts of oil accumulated. As expected, overexpression of JcDGAT1 or JcDGAT2 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter gave rise to an increase in seed kernel oil production, reaching a content of 53.7% and 55.7% of the seed kernel dry weight, respectively, which were respectively 25% and 29.6% higher than that of control plants. The increase in seed oil content was accompanied by decreases in the contents of protein and soluble sugars in the seeds. Simultaneously, there was a two- to four-fold higher leaf TAG content in transgenic plants than in control plants. Moreover, by analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profiles, we found that JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 had the same substrate specificity with preferences for C18:2 in seed TAGs, and C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 in leaf TAGs. Therefore, our study confirms the important role of JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 in regulating oil production in J. curcas.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Production of Jatropha, a Potential Biofuel Crop

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Moore ◽  
Scott Greenhut ◽  
Wagner Vendrame
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Biofuel Crop ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate greenhouse techniques for the production of jatropha (Jatropha curcas). Jatropha seedlings were transplanted into 1-gal containers filled with bark mix, coir, or peat-based substrate and fertilized with 0, 4.1, 5.9, or 8.3 oz/ft3 of a 15N–4.05P–9.96K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Plants were watered every 2, 3, or 4 days for 80 days in the greenhouse. Jatropha plants grown in peat-based substrate had greater stem diameter and shoot dry weight (SDW) than plants grown in bark mix. For each growing substrate, plants fertilized with 8.3 and 5.9 oz/ft3 of CRF had greater SDW than plants fertilized with 4.1 and 0 oz/ft3 of CRF. Similarly, for all three substrates, plants irrigated every 2 or 3 days had greater SDW than plants irrigated every 4 days. Although jatropha has been classified as a low–nutrient and water requiring plant, the results of this study suggest that increased inputs of fertilizer and water produce larger plants. Further research needs to be conducted on the benefit of larger plants from the greenhouse on subsequent oil production in the field.

Immunopotentiating Role of IFN-γ in Early and Late Stages of Type 1 CD8 Effector Cell-Mediated Tumor Rejection

2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Dobrzanski ◽  
Joyce B. Reome ◽  
Richard W. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Effector Cell ◽  
Tumor Rejection ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Late Stages

scholarly journals Apoptosis Induced by Infection of Primary Brain Cultures with Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates: Evidence for a Role of the Envelope

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa Ohagen ◽  
Sajal Ghosh ◽  
Jianglin He ◽  
Karen Huang ◽  
Youzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replication Capacity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
The Brain ◽  
V3 Region ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Apoptosis of neurons and astrocytes is induced by human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vitro and has been demonstrated in brain tissue from patients with AIDS. We analyzed a panel of diverse HIV-1 primary isolates for the ability to replicate and induce neuronal and astrocyte apoptosis in primary human brain cultures. Apoptosis was induced three- to eightfold by infection with the blood-derived HIV-1 isolates 89.6, SG3, and ADA. In contrast, the brain-derived HIV-1 isolates YU2, JRFL, DS-br, RC-br, and KJ-br did not induce significant levels of apoptosis. The ability of HIV-1 isolates to induce apoptosis was independent of their replication capacity. Studies of recombinant chimeras between the SG3 and YU2 viruses showed that replacement of the YU2 Env with the SG3 Env was sufficient to confer the ability to induce apoptosis to the YU2 virus. Replacement of the Env V3 regions alone largely conferred the phenotypes of the parental clones. The SG3 Env used CXCR4 and CCR3 as coreceptors for virus entry, whereas YU2 used CCR5 and CCR3. The V3 regions of SG3 and YU2 conferred the ability to use CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively. In contrast, the 3′ region of Env, particularly the C3V4 region, was required in conjunction with the V3 region for efficient use of CCR3. These results provide evidence that Env is a major determinant of neurodegenerative mechanisms associated with HIV-1 infection in vitro and raise the possibility that blood-derived viruses which emerge during the late stages of disease may affect disease progression in the central nervous system.

Role of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A136-A137
Author(s):  
K TSAMAKIDES ◽  
E PANOTOPOULOU ◽  
D DIMITROULOPOULOS ◽  
M CHRISTOPOULO ◽  
D XINOPOULOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Simplex Virus

The Role of Secrecy and Disclosure in Type 1 Diabetes Adherence and Glycemic Control

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Osborn ◽  
C. A. Berg ◽  
A. E. Hughes ◽  
P. Pham ◽  
D. J. Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control

Dissecting the role of Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 in Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lerche ◽  
M Willem ◽  
K Kleinknecht ◽  
C Romberg ◽  
U Konietzko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone

The role of hepatic 11[b]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in cholesterol homeostasis

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Kajal Manwani ◽  
Tak Y Man ◽  
Christopher J Kenyon ◽  
Ruth Andrew ◽  
Karen E Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis

Accumulation of microelements by different invertebrate trophic groups on wasted lands

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Didur ◽  
Yu. L. Kulbachko ◽  
V. Y. Gasso
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Ore Dressing ◽  
Processing Enterprise

<p>The problem of transformation of natural landscapes resulted from the negative technogenic impact is highlighted. It is shown that mining enterprises are powerful anthropo-technical sources of organic and inorganic toxicants entering the environment. Their wastes pollute all components of the ecosystems and negatively influence human health by increasing a risk of disease. The nature of the accumulation of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb) by invertebrate animals of various functional groups under conditions of anthropo-technogenic pressure was studied. The sample plots were located on self-overgrowing sites with ruderal vegetation located in the immediate vicinity of the Mangan ore-dressing and processing enterprise (Dnipropetrovsk region). It is quite naturally that among the studied biogenic microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni), the phyto-, zoo-, and saprophages in the investigated zone of technogenic pollution most actively accumulate Fe:<em> </em>22758, 17516 and 18884 mg/kg dry weight on average, respectively. There are significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of studied microelements between saprophages and phytophages. The saprophages accumulate such trace metals as Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd in high quantities, but Ni and Pb – in smaller ones. The saprophagous functional group of invertebrates is an active agent of detritogenesis, in the conditions of modern nature management it acts as a powerful element of ecosystem engineering (habitat transformation), the main ecological role of which is to modify the habitat of other soil biota. In addition, the saprophages fulfil their concentrating geochemical function. They actively participate in the most important soil biochemical process: the formation of humus, the migration of microelements along trophic chains, the biological cycle in general, and provide such supporting ecosystem services as increasing soil fertility and nutrient cycling.</p>

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