scholarly journals Influence of Habitat Types on Diversity and Species Composition of Urban Flora—A Case Study in Serbia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2572
Author(s):  
Milan Glišić ◽  
Ksenija Jakovljević ◽  
Dmitar Lakušić ◽  
Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić ◽  
Snežana Vukojičić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Diagnostic Species

The aim of this study was to investigate the floristic composition and diversity of seven urban habitat types in 24 Serbian cities with different climatic affiliation. In each of the 24 cities, we selected 1 ha plots representing a habitat from one of the following groups: square, boulevard, residential area with compact and with open building pattern, city park, and sites with early and mid-succession vegetation stages. All vascular plant species that occur spontaneously in these plots were observed. Data on the main climatic characteristics were collected for each plot, and data on the life forms were obtained for each species recorded. Diagnostic species were identified for each habitat type analyzed, and alpha, beta and gamma diversity were calculated. A total of 674 taxa were recorded in the studied area. Significant differences were observed in habitats by diagnostic species and by life form representation. The lowest alpha and gamma diversity and the dominance of therophytes were observed in habitat types with intensive anthropogenic impact, whereas the highest number was recorded in mid-successional sites and residential areas with a compact building pattern. The analysis showed that habitat type influences species composition much more than climate.

scholarly journals Do the assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates in nearshore waters of Western Australia vary among habitat types, zones and seasons?

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Wildsmith ◽  
I.C. Potter ◽  
F.J. Valesini ◽  
M.E. Platell
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled seasonally in the subtidal and upper and lower swash zones at two sites in each of six nearshore habitat types on the lower west coast of Australia. The habitat types, which differed mainly in the extent of their exposure to wave activity and whether sea grass and/or nearshore reefs were present, had been distinguished quantitatively using values for a suite of seven statistically-selected enduring environmental characteristics (Valesini et al., 2003). The core samples yielded 121 species representing eight phyla, among which the Polychaeta, Malacostraca and Bivalvia were the most speciose classes, contributing ∼38, 23 and 10%, respectively, to the total number of individuals. The total number of species and mean density of macroinvertebrates at the most protected habitat type (1), i.e. 70 and 209·2 individuals 0·1 m−2, respectively, were far greater than in any other habitat type. Habitat type influenced species composition to a greater extent than either zone or season. Furthermore, the extents of the differences among the species compositions of the six habitat types statistically matched the extents of the differences among the values for the suite of enduring environmental characteristics that distinguished each of those habitat types. Overall, the species composition at habitat type 1 was the most distinct, containing five abundant species of polychaetes that were adapted to deposit-feeding in calm waters with high levels of organic material and which were rare in all other habitat types. In contrast, the fauna at the most exposed habitat type was characterized by four crustacean species and a species of bivalve and polychaete, whose mobility and tough external surface facilitated their survival and feeding in turbulent waters. The zonal differences in faunal compositions among habitat types were greatest in the case of the subtidal zone. The faunal compositions differed among zones and seasons only at the most protected habitat type.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Sitakunda Ecopark, Chittagong, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Gazi Mosharof Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Plant Families

The present study dealt with the exploration and documentation of the floristic composition and phyto-diversity of Sitakunda Eco-park, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 412 vascular plant species under 315 genera belonging to 94 plant families have been recorded from the study area during February, 2013 to April, 2015. Out of these recorded taxa, 330 were dicotyledons, 62 were monocotyledons, 5 were gymnosperms and 15 were pteridophytes. Among those, the maximum 144 species belonged to herbs followed by 138, 75 and 55 species as trees, shrubs and climbers, respectively. The species composition among the plant families varied in plant groups. In dicotyledonous group, Euphorbiaceae appeared to be the largest family with 35 species, whereas Poaceae showed the largest family containing 30 species among monocotyledonous group. The highest values of both Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices have been observed as 3.82 and 0.98, respectively to site D during monsoon season, whereas the lowest values 3.19 and 0.95, respectively of these indices were recorded in site A during summer season.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 29-45, 2016 (June)

scholarly journals Rare and endangered vegetation and vascular plants in canyon “Gorodskaya shchel' (Town Crack)" (Town Crack)" in southern part of Khibiny Mountains (Murmansk Region, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
NE Koroleva ◽  
EI Kopeina
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Alpine Rivers

Rare and endangered habitat types and vascular plant species were studied in the canyon associated with slope cirque “Gorodskaya shchel' (Town Crack)" in the southern part of Khibiny Mountains (Murmansk Region). Habitat types are interpreted based on a phytosociological approach (Braun-Blanquet classification). Habitat type “D4.2. Basic mountain flushes and streamsides, with a rich arctic-montane flora" of the Emerald Network (partly coincides with type 3220 “Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks" of Council Directive 92/43/EEC) includes two associations: Mniobryo–Epilobietum hornemanniiNordhagen 1943 of alliance Mniobryo–Epilobion hornemanniiNordhagen 1943, сlass Montio–Cardaminetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944, and Oxyrietum digynae Gjaerevoll 1956 of alliance Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1956, class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948. Habitat type “H2.6 Ultra-basic screes of warm exposures" of the Emerald Network is represented by community type Racomitrium spp.–Ranunculus glacialis (class Thlaspietea rotundifolii). These habitats harbor a number of Red Data Book species: 16 rare vascular plants including two species of the Red Data Book of Russia, four species of Red Data Book of Murmansk Region and ten species which need special attention to their state in the natural environment if the Murmansk Region occurred in the studied canyon, cirque and nearest surroundings. As the area is out of the borders of National Park “Khibiny" and has high conservation value, it is necessary to establish here the botanical nature monument.

scholarly journals Diversity and species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Lombok Island, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarron Hudiwaku ◽  
Toto Himawan ◽  
Akhmad Rizali
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Bactrocera Carambolae ◽  
Lombok Island

Abstract. Hudiwaku S, Himawan T, Rizali A. 2021. Diversity and species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4608-4616. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are pests of several horticultural crops that can reduce the quality and quantity of fruit production. Information on fruit flies in Lombok Island, Indonesia, is still limited. However, it is predicted to have a high diversity of fruit flies because this island belongs to the Wallacea region. The aims of this research was to study the diversity and species composition of fruit flies in different habitat types in Lombok Island. The research was carried out on two habitat types, i.e., tropical rainforest and orchard with each habitat type consisted of three different sites that located spread across Lombok Island as replication. The research was carried out on two habitat types, i.e., tropical rainforest and orchard, with each habitat type consisted of three different sites spread across Lombok Island as replication. A sampling of fruit flies was conducted using parapheromone traps from March to June 2020. Twenty-two species and 210,267 individual fruit flies were collected from all locations during the study period. The most dominant species were Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera limbifera, Zeugodacus caudatus, and Bactrocera dorsalis. Based on the ANOVA, habitat types significantly affected the abundance but not the species richness of fruit flies. The visualization results obtained from the NMDS ordination indicated a difference in the species composition of fruit flies between the two habitats. In conclusion, habitat types are an essential factor in shaping the community of fruit flies in Lombok Island.

scholarly journals Bringing the city to the country: relationships between streetscape vegetation type and bird assemblages in a major regional centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan S Champness ◽  
Grant C Palmer ◽  
James A Fitzsimons
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Bird Assemblages ◽  
Regional Centre ◽  
Remnant Vegetation

Abstract Urbanisation is a leading cause of biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation internationally, and the conservation of representative native assemblages is a challenge confronting environmental managers in expanding urban landscapes. This study investigates the bird assemblages occurring in a rapidly growing regional centre, Ballarat, southeastern Australia. It aims to examine the relationships between urbanisation and bird communities in a regional city by investigating the differences in bird assemblage composition related to the type of vegetation (native or exotic) in urban streetscapes. Bird surveys were completed across four broad habitat types: remnant vegetation, exotic streetscapes, native streetscapes and newly developed streetscapes. Each habitat type had three 1 ha replicate sites. Results show that remnant vegetation fringing residential areas and native streetscapes supported around 60% more native bird species than exotic and newly developed streetscapes. Avian species composition was significantly different between broad habitat types, with remnant vegetation and native streetscapes maintaining representative native bird assemblages, but exotic streetscapes and newly developed streetscapes were dominated by introduced birds. Our results show that, for representative native bird assemblages to be maintained in urban areas, the maintenance of remnant and native vegetation is essential.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF THE COMPOSITION AND RATIO OF VASCULAR PLANT LIFE FORMS IN ECOTONE COMMUNITIES OF THE UPPER BORDER OF WOODY VEGETATION IN THE POLAR URALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
N.I. Andreyashkina
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Plant Life Forms ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
The Polar Urals

For phytoindication of ecotopic conditions according to the degree of moisture and heat supply, full floristic composition was used in a number of communities and ecotopes within them. Different hydrothermal regimes of ecotopes underlie the distribution of life forms of vascular plants. The spatial heterogeneity of floristic diversity is largely due to a set of species of grassy life forms. Woody life forms are not numerous, but play a significant role in the structure of the vegetation cover. The species richness of communities naturally decreases during the transition from larch forests and woodlands to mountain tundras with single trees. At the same time, communities are largely similar in species composition, and the set of life forms is preserved, but the composition and ratio of different types of life forms change. The transition from smooth variability in the composition and ratio of life forms to markedly increased variability as a result of natural environmental factors is clearly visible, which is correspondingly reflected in a decrease in indicators of species similarity of communities.

scholarly journals Resistance Level of Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Shandong Province, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S24232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Mei Liu ◽  
Pei-Pei Yang ◽  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Hai-Fang Wang ◽  
Li-Juan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Pipiens Pallens

This study describes the aquatic habitats, species composition, and the insecticide resistance level of the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong Province, China. A cross-sectional survey of mosquito larval habitats was conducted from May to November 2014 to determine the species composition and larval abundance. Larvae were collected using the standard dipping technique, and a total of four habitat types were sampled. The fourth instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens collected in each habitat type were tested for resistance to five insecticides according to a WHO bioassay. A total of 7,281 mosquito larvae were collected, of which 399 (5.48%) were categorized as Anopheles mosquito larvae ( An. sinensis), 6636 (91.14%) as culicine larvae ( Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. halifaxii, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus), 213 (2.93%) as Armigeres larvae, and 33 (0.45%) as Aedes larvae ( Aedes albopictus). In addition, a total of 1,149 mosquito pupae were collected. Culex larvae were distributed in all habitats investigated. Tukeys HSD analysis showed that roadside drainages were the most productive habitat type for Culex larvae. Armigeres species were found only in drains, Aedes only in water tanks, and Anopheles in water that was comparatively clear and rich in emergent plants. Bioassay showed that the maximum resistance level of Cx. pipiens pallens was to deltamethrin, while it was lowest to plifenate. The productivity of various mosquitoes in different habitat types is very heterogeneous. It is particularly important to modify human activity and the environment to achieve effective mosquito vector control. For effective larval control, the type of habitat should be considered, and the most productive habitat type should be given priority in mosquito abatement programs.

Floristics and structure of the mossy cloud forest of Mt Gower summit, Lord Howe Island

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Harris ◽  
Gerasimos Cassis ◽  
Tony Auld ◽  
Ian Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Exotic Pathogens

The summit of Mt Gower, Lord Howe Island (31 �33'S, 159�05'E), is a small area of 27 ha supporting mossy cloud forest. This study describes patterns in the floristic composition and structure of the vegetation of the summit, in relation to a range of environmental variables. A total of 42 vascular plant species was recorded, 86% of which are endemic to Lord Howe Island, and 17% of which are found only on the summit and upper slopes of Mt Gower and adjacent Mt Lidgbird. A complete species list for Mt Gower Is presented, including species from the present survey and all previously recorded species. The composition of the vegetation differed in gullies and on ridges, reflecting differences in substrate rockiness and soil moisture, and was also influenced by the number of bird burrows and aspect. The summit of Mt Gower is of high conservation significance, due to the restrIcted distribution of the habitat type it represents, its relatively undisturbed state and high levels of endemism. Potential threats to the summit vegetation include the impacts of climate change, seed predation by introduced rats, and the introduction of weed species and exotic pathogens such as Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Vegetation of the floodplains of the rivers Vychegda and Pechora. The class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
G. S. Shushpannikova ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Wide Range

The present study continues a series of publications by the authors on the diversity of the herb vegetation in the floodplains of the Vychegda and Pechora rivers and their tributaries (Komi Republic). The floristic classification of the orders Molinietalia Koch 1926 and Arrhenatheretalia R. Tx. 1931 was published earlier (Shushpannikova, Yamalov, 2013, 2014). The results of classification of communities belonging to the class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941 are discussed in this paper in accordance with principles of the Braun-Blanquet approach (Braun-Blanquet, 1964; Mirkin, Naumova, 1998). Analysis was based on 268 relevés made in 1981–2016. The assessment of environmental parameters was performed by ecological methods by L. G. Ramensky (Ramensky et al., 1956). Syntaxonomic diversity of the vegetation of the class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea in the floodplain of rivers Vychegda and Pechora is presented by 3 orders (Phragmitetalia W. Koch 1926, Oenanthetalia aquaticae Hejny in Kopecky et Hejny 1965 and Magno-Caricetalia Pignatti 1953), 4 alliances (Phragmition communis W. Koch 1926, Nardosmion laevigatae Klotz et Köck 1986, Equisetion arvensis Mirkin. et Naumova in Kononov et al. 1989 emend. Taran 1995 and Magnocaricion elatae Koch 1926) and 13 associations. The communities of the class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea, as well as the order Molinietalia of Molinio–Arrhenatheretea, are located at all levels of the floodplains and are characterized by a variety of humidification conditions. However, the communities of the class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea are characterized by higher humidification indices (72.2–86.3) compared to meadow vegetation the order Molinietalia of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea of (68.8–74.4). A lot of associations, heterogeneous in their floristic composition, can be divided into 9 subassociations and 10 variants. New 4 subassociations (caricetosum vesicariae, equisetosum fluviatilis, persicaretosum amphibiae and lysimachetosum vulgaris), are included into ass. Caricetum gracilis Savich 1926. The peculiarities of the floristic composition of the above mentioned associations, as well as their distribution and ecology are discussed. The distinguished associations are well differentiated by their elevation position on the floodplains. The communities of the ass. Caricetum gracilis are located at all levels of the floodplainons; these of Agrostio stoloniferae–Equisetetum arvensis — on the highest ones; Equisetetum fluviatilis — on the lowest part of the floodplains in the riparian zone. The described communities are located on the soils with various ecological indi­cators. The distinguished associations are differentiated by the levels of humidification (65.9–89.9), mean figures — 70.3–86.3. The communities of the ass. Agrostio stoloniferae–Equisetetum arvensis occupy the driest sites (65.9–72.9); these of associations ­Equisetetum fluviatilis and Nardosmietum laevigatae — the wettest ones (80.7–87.8). The ass. Caricetum aquatilis has a wide range of humidification (72.7–89.9). The variability of humidification varies from alternating to high values (6.4–12.0). The ­greatest differences in humidification are experienced by the communities of the ass. Caricetum gracilis (5.5–12.0). Тhe communities of the ass. Agrostio stoloniferae–Equisetetum arvensis occupy the richest (10.5–15.0) and alluvial soils (4.0–5.0). They are located on the low level in the riverine and middle zone of the floodplain and are formed by annual flooding on alluvial deposits. The distinguished associations are differentiated by pH (3.0–8.0), mean figures — 4.5–7.0. The communities of the associations Caricetum juncellae, Caricetum gracilis and Caricetum acutae–rostratae are located on the most acidic soil; these of the ass. Equisetetum fluviatilis — on the neutral ones. The associations are distributed by the scale of pasture digression in range 2.5–4.5, mean figures — 3.0–3.9. The communities are used for hay-making. The question of the boundary between the meadow vegetation, lowland swamp and semi-aquatic vegetation remains unsolved. The communities of the class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea described in this paper belongs to meadows. Ass. Nardosmietum laevigatae (previously referred to the class Galio-Urticetea Pass. 1967) is included into the order Phragmitetalia W. Koch 1926. The communities of the ass. Agrostio stoloniferae–Equisetetum arvensis have a mesophilic species composition and low moisture values, so they represent a transition between the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea order Molinietalia and class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea. A comparison of species composition of the syntaxa in Komi Republic and that in other regions of the Eastern Europe and the Asian part of Russia showed that the semiaquatic communities of the Komi Republic have low species diversity. It is less than 16 species on sample plot. The richest are communities of the associations Caricetum gracilis and Carici acutae–Phalaroidetum arundinaceae. 101 vascular plant species are recorded in 268 geobotanical relevés of the class Phragmito–Magno-Caricetea. The aboveground phytomass varies from 30–80 g/m2 (Agrostio stoloniferae–Equisetetum arvensis) to 420 г/м2 (Phalaroidetum arundinaceae).

scholarly journals Impact of elevation and slope aspect on floristic composition in wadi Elkor, Sarawat Mountain, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Fadl ◽  
Hatim M. Al-Yasi ◽  
Emad A. Alsherif
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
The North ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Special Location ◽  
Makkah City

AbstractThe current research was carried out in Wadi Elkor, one of the Sarawat Mountains regions, which is a special location from an environmental standpoint and one of the only places in Saudi Arabia where a range of Palaearctic flora co-exists with Afrotropical species. The study aimed to determine the floristic composition as well as the effects of slope aspect and elevation on species, life forms, and phytogeographical elements distribution. The study area is located in Wadi Elkor, a valley in the Sarawat Mountains that cuts off the Al-Hada escarpment, 47 km southeast of Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. We conducted the research at three different locations, each with a different elevation and slope aspect. Based on floristic composition, Ward classification moreover Jaccard comparisons were performed. A total of 189 species was discovered, divided into 131 genera and 43 families. The current study identified Argyrolobium rarum Dumme as a new vascular plant in Saudi Arabia's terrestrial flora. In the current study, the Gramineae, Leguminosae, and Compositae families contributed 29% of the total plant species, whereas 14 families were represented by one species each. Solanum was the most numerous genus, with seven species, followed by Acacia and Pulicaria, each with six species, while Commicarpos and Euphorbia, each with four species. At an elevation of 1060 m above sea level, the north facing slope had the most plants, genera, and families. Therophytes had the most species, accounting for 44%, followed by Chamaephytes, which accounted for 26%. Hemicryptophytes accounted for 12% of the total, while phanerophytes accounted for 10%. In the studied area, the bioregional Saharo-Sindian and Sudano-Zambesian groups were the most well-represented (41%). The floristic composition, as well as the distribution of life forms and phytogeographical components, were found to be significantly affected by the elevation and slope aspects. The study showed that slope aspect and elevation both affected the distribution of plant species, with elevation being the most influential of the two variables.

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