scholarly journals The Scent of Antifungal Propolis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2334
Author(s):  
Zsigmond Papp ◽  
Sarra Bouchelaghem ◽  
András Szekeres ◽  
Réka Meszéna ◽  
Zoltán Gyöngyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Fourth Sample ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
High Antifungal Activity

Propolis contains many effective antifungal compounds that have not yet been identified and evaluated. In addition, distinguishing samples of propolis with high antifungal activity from less active ones would be beneficial for effective therapy. Propolis samples were collected from four different geographical regions in Hungary and used to prepare ethanol extracts for analysis. First, an antifungal susceptibility test was performed on Candida albicans. Then, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and an opto-electronic nose were applied for the classification of propolis samples. In three propolis samples, the IC50 was measured between 72 and 134 µg/mL, but it was not calculable in the fourth sample. GC-MS analysis of the four propolis samples identified several compounds belonging to the various chemical classes. In the antifungal samples, the relative concentration of 11,14-eicosadienoic acid was the highest. Based on the opto-electronic electronic nose measurements, 98.4% of the original grouped antifungal/non-antifungal cases were classified correctly. We identified several molecules from propolis with potential antifungal properties. In addition, this is the first report to demonstrate the usefulness of a portable opto-electronic nose to identify propolis samples with high antifungal activity. These results may contribute to the rapid and efficient selection of new fungicide-candidate molecules and effective propolis samples for treatment.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of 1,4-Dialkoxynaphthalen-2-Acyl Imidazolium Salts by Inducing Apoptosis of Pathogenic Candida spp.

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Jisue Lee ◽  
Jae-Goo Kim ◽  
Haena Lee ◽  
Tae Hoon Lee ◽  
Ki-young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Imidazolium Salts ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Test ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Mic Value

Even though Candida spp. are staying commonly on human skin, it is also an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that can cause candidiasis. The emergence of resistant Candida strains and the toxicity of antifungal agents have encouraged the development of new classes of potent antifungal agents. Novel naphthalen-2-acyl imidazolium salts (NAIMSs), especially 1,4-dialkoxy-NAIMS from 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, were prepared and evaluated for antifungal activity. Those derivatives showed prominent anti-Candida activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 to 6.26 μg/mL in 24 h based on microdilution antifungal susceptibility test. Among the tested compounds, NAIMS 7c showed strongest antifungal activity with 3.125 μg/mL MIC value compared with miconazole which showed 12.5 μg/mL MIC value against Candida spp., and more importantly >100 μg/mL MIC value against C. auris. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and JC-1 staining showed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in C. albicans by treatment with NAIMS 7c. The increased release of ultraviolet (UV) absorbing materials suggested that NAIMS 7c could cause cell busting. The expression of apoptosis-related genes was induced in C. albicans by NAIMS 7c treatment. Taken together, the synthetic NAIMSs are of high interest as novel antifungal agents given further in vivo examination.

scholarly journals The newly synthesized thiazole derivatives as potential antifungal compounds against Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Biernasiuk ◽  
Anna Berecka-Rycerz ◽  
Anna Gumieniczek ◽  
Maria Malm ◽  
Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Thiazole Derivatives ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Erythrocyte Lysis ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Antifungal Activity

Abstract Recently, the occurrence of candidiasis has increased dramatically, especially in immunocompromised patients. Additionally, their treatment is often ineffective due to the resistance of yeasts to antimycotics. Therefore, there is a need to search for new antifungals. A series of nine newly synthesized thiazole derivatives containing the cyclopropane system, showing promising activity against Candida spp., has been further investigated. We decided to verify their antifungal activity towards clinical Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of patients with hematological malignancies and investigate the mode of action on fungal cell, the effect of combination with the selected antimycotics, toxicity to erythrocytes, and lipophilicity. These studies were performed by the broth microdilution method, test with sorbitol and ergosterol, checkerboard technique, erythrocyte lysis assay, and reversed phase thin-layer chromatography, respectively. All derivatives showed very strong activity (similar and even higher than nystatin) against all C. albicans isolates with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.008–7.81 µg/mL Their mechanism of action may be related to action within the fungal cell wall structure and/or within the cell membrane. The interactions between the derivatives and the selected antimycotics (nystatin, chlorhexidine, and thymol) showed additive effect only in the case of combination some of them and thymol. The erythrocyte lysis assay confirmed the low cytotoxicity of these compounds as compared to nystatin. The high lipophilicity of the derivatives was related with their high antifungal activity. The present studies confirm that the studied thiazole derivatives containing the cyclopropane system appear to be a very promising group of compounds in treatment of infections caused by C. albicans. However, this requires further studies in vivo. Key points • The newly thiazoles showed high antifungal activity and some of them — additive effect in combination with thymol. • Their mode of action may be related with the influence on the structure of the fungal cell wall and/or the cell membrane. • The low cytotoxicity against erythrocytes and high lipophilicity of these derivatives are their additional good properties. Graphical abstract

N-(5-Amino-9H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-9-ylidene)propan-1-aminium chlorides as antifungal agents and NIR fluorescence probes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui P. C. L. Sousa ◽  
João C. C. Ferreira ◽  
Maria João Sousa ◽  
M Sameiro Sameiro T T Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Fluorescence Probes ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Nir Fluorescence ◽  
High Antifungal Activity

The search for benzo[a]phenoxazines, Nile Blue derivatives, with high antifungal activity and cell labelling capacity based on our previously published works in this type of compounds, led us to the...

scholarly journals Odor-active volatile compounds in preterm breastmilk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Muelbert ◽  
Laura Galante ◽  
Tanith Alexander ◽  
Jane E. Harding ◽  
Chris Pook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
List Type ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Cephalic Phase

Abstract Background Volatile compounds in breastmilk (BM) likely influence flavor learning and, through the cephalic phase response, metabolism, and digestion. Little is known about the volatile compounds present in preterm BM. We investigated whether maternal or infant characteristics are associated with the profile of volatile compounds in preterm BM. Methods Using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed volatile compounds in 400 BM samples collected from 170 mothers of preterm infants. Results Forty volatile compounds were detected, mostly fatty acids and their esters (FA and FAe), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, terpenoids, alcohols, and ketones. The relative concentration of most FA and FAe increased with advancing lactation and were lower in BM of most socially deprived mothers and those with gestational diabetes (p < 0.05), but medium-chain FAs were higher in colostrum compared to transitional BM (p < 0.001). Infant sex, gestational age, and size at birth were not associated with the profile of volatile compounds in preterm BM. Conclusions Sensory-active volatile FA and FAe are the major contributors to the smell of preterm BM. The associations between lactation stage, maternal characteristics, and volatile compounds, and whether differences in volatile compounds may affect feeding behavior or metabolism, requires further research. Impact Sensory-active volatile FAs are major contributors to the smell of preterm BM and are influenced by the lactation stage and maternal characteristics. Longitudinal analysis of volatile compounds in preterm BM found that FAs increased with advancing lactation. Colostrum had a higher concentration of medium-chain FAs compared to transitional BM and the concentration of these is associated with socioeconomic status, gestational diabetes, and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Analysis of natural aroma and flavor of MD2 pineapple variety (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Žemlička ◽  
Peter Fodran ◽  
Emil Kolek ◽  
Nadežda Prónayová
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Methyl Hexanoate ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Flavor Profile

Abstract Aroma and flavor profile of MD2 pineapple variety was investigated. Fruits imported from different geographical regions (Costa Rica, Puerto Rico) were labeled as an organic food. Characteristic volatile and non-volatile compounds obtained by hydro-distillation and direct percolation were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). At least 22 components in percolated extract (or 17 in distillate) were detected according to their mass spectra and retention time. Relative concentration of identified substances varied from 547.7 to 1110.0 μg.kg-1. Analysis showed dominance of esters and furanone-derived compounds as major aroma constituents. Most abundant volatiles identified in all samples were methyl 2-methylbutanoate and methyl hexanoate. Relationships between volatile and non-volatile compounds were also studied.

scholarly journals Development of Antidandruff Shampoo from the Fermented Product of Ocimum sanctum Linn.

Cosmetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanun Punyoyai ◽  
Sasithorn Sirilun ◽  
Panuwan Chantawannakul ◽  
Wantida Chaiyana
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Antifungal Activity

This study aimed to investigate Malassezia furfur inhibitory activity of the fermented product from Ocimum sanctum and develop an antidandruff shampoo. The fermented product was obtained by the fermentation process of the aerial part of O. sanctum. Total soluble protein was detected in the fermented product with the amount of 65.32 ± 0.14 mg/100 mL, whereas there was no organic acid. The inhibitory activity against four strains of M. furfur (No. 133, 656, 6000, and 7966) of the fermented product and shampoos containing the fermented product were investigated by broth dilution and agar diffusion method, respectively. The fermented product possessed high antifungal activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations for 50% (MIC50) of M. furfur 133, 656, 6000, and 7966 of 0.125, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, the antifungal activity against M. furfur 656 was comparable to that of ketoconazole. Shampoo formulation C, which was the best formulation in terms of characteristics and stability, obtained a high level of satisfaction scores in terms of hair smoothness, hair shine, ease in combing, frizz reduction, and triboelectric reduction while brushing. Additionally, the shampoo containing 2% (w/w) of the fermented product of O. sanctum also possessed inhibitory activity against M. furfur 133, 656, 6000, and 7966 with inhibition zones of 13.2 ± 1.6, 12.8 ± 1.1, 18.7 ± 0.3, and 17.0 ± 1.1 mm respectively. Therefore, this shampoo was suggested for use as an antidandruff shampoo.

scholarly journals Media selection for mycelia growth, antifungal activity against wood-degrading fungi, and GC-MS study by Pycnoporus sanguineus

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2719-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi P. Teoh ◽  
Mashitah M. Don ◽  
Salmiah Ujang
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Property Changes

Wood-decaying fungi present a serious threat to items made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). Though conventional chemical control has been a successful method for preserving wood against stain and decay fungi growth, the effects of these chemicals are of concern because they create problems for the environment and public health. Pycnoporus sanguineus (P. sanguineus), is a white-rot fungus that invades wood during its growth, storage, or use, causing decay or other property changes. It was considered in this work as a potential source of bioactive compounds and investigated for its natural antifungal activity using a minimum inhibitory concentration assay against wood-degrading fungi. It was found that media consisting of 10.0 g/L malt extract, yeast extract, dextrose, and maltose, respectively at pH 4.7±0.2 provided the highest biomass production by P. sanguineus. Results showed that the antifungal properties of methanol and water extract of P. sanguineus mycelia and supernatant ranged from MIC values of 0.1 to 5.0 µg/µL. 4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (DDMP) was found to be the major component in the extract of this fungus, based on analysis using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.

Antifungal activity of Juglans spp. and Carya sp. ethanol extracts against Fusarium oxysporum on tomato under greenhouse conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 111442 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jasso de Rodríguez ◽  
N.A. Gaytán-Sánchez ◽  
R. Rodríguez-García ◽  
F.D. Hernández-Castillo ◽  
L. Díaz-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

scholarly journals GC-MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF Chenopodium album AGAINST Sclerotium rolfsii

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALI ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Ms Analysis

ABSTRACT Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne fungal plant pathogen that causes diseases in more than 500 plant species. Chemical fungicides used to control this disease cause environmental pollution, therefore, plant derived compounds can be used as alternative to synthetic fungicides to reduce environmental pollution. Chenopodium album is a weed of family Chenopodiaceae that is used as food and also has medicinal importance. In the present study, antifungal activity of methanolic root extract of C. album was evaluated against S. rolfsii using six concentrations viz. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 g 100 mL-1 amended in malt extract as growth medium. All the root extract concentrations significantly reduced fungal biomass by 15-58% over control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methanolic root extract of C. album was performed. Six compounds were identified in methanolic root extract through GC-MS analysis. The most abundant compound was 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (58.56%) followed by 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (12.75%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (10.27%), which might be responsible for antifungal activity of methanolic root extract of C. album.

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