scholarly journals Respiration Monitoring via Forcecardiography Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3996
Author(s):  
Emilio Andreozzi ◽  
Jessica Centracchio ◽  
Vincenzo Punzo ◽  
Daniele Esposito ◽  
Caitlin Polley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Signs ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Respiration Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Regression Slopes

In the last few decades, a number of wearable systems for respiration monitoring that help to significantly reduce patients’ discomfort and improve the reliability of measurements have been presented. A recent research trend in biosignal acquisition is focusing on the development of monolithic sensors for monitoring multiple vital signs, which could improve the simultaneous recording of different physiological data. This study presents a performance analysis of respiration monitoring performed via forcecardiography (FCG) sensors, as compared to ECG-derived respiration (EDR) and electroresistive respiration band (ERB), which was assumed as the reference. FCG is a novel technique that records the cardiac-induced vibrations of the chest wall via specific force sensors, which provide seismocardiogram-like information, along with a novel component that seems to be related to the ventricular volume variations. Simultaneous acquisitions were obtained from seven healthy subjects at rest, during both quiet breathing and forced respiration at higher and lower rates. The raw FCG sensor signals featured a large, low-frequency, respiratory component (R-FCG), in addition to the common FCG signal. Statistical analyses of R-FCG, EDR and ERB signals showed that FCG sensors ensure a more sensitive and precise detection of respiratory acts than EDR (sensitivity: 100% vs. 95.8%, positive predictive value: 98.9% vs. 92.5%), as well as a superior accuracy and precision in interbreath interval measurement (linear regression slopes and intercepts: 0.99, 0.026 s (R2 = 0.98) vs. 0.98, 0.11 s (R2 = 0.88), Bland–Altman limits of agreement: ±0.61 s vs. ±1.5 s). This study represents a first proof of concept for the simultaneous recording of respiration signals and forcecardiograms with a single, local, small, unobtrusive, cheap sensor. This would extend the scope of FCG to monitoring multiple vital signs, as well as to the analysis of cardiorespiratory interactions, also paving the way for the continuous, long-term monitoring of patients with heart and pulmonary diseases.

Abstract 18150: Prediction of Imminent Deterioration of Children after Stage I Palliation Using Real-Time Processing of Physiological Data

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G Rusin ◽  
Sebastian I Acosta ◽  
Eric L Vu ◽  
Risa B Myers ◽  
Kenneth M Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Clinical Deterioration ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
St Segment ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Roc Area

Patients after stage 1 palliation (S1P) for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and related lesions are at risk of life threatening deterioration resulting in shock, cardiac arrest, & hypoxemia. We hypothesize that these sudden deteriorations may be forecast by subtle, previously unidentified changes in cardiorespiratory dynamics. Identification of these precursors may provide an opportunity for early, life-saving intervention. We created complete high-resolution physiological recordings for all patients who had a primary admission of S1P after Jan. 1, 2013. We used the SickbayTM system (Medical Informatics Corp, Houston, TX) to collect high frequency physiological waveforms including EKG, ABP, LAP, SpO2 and Chest Impedance (60Hz - 240Hz), as well as HR, RR, Temp. and ST segment vital signs (0.5 Hz) during the patient’s interstage hospitalization. A logistic regression model was constructed to discriminate between physiological characteristics observed in the hours prior to deterioration from the characteristics observed >24 hours prior to or >96 hours after a clinical deterioration. Model validation was done using a standard bagging approach with a REPtree classifier and 10 fold cross validation. Twenty five patients were included in the study. Of these, 15 (60%) were found to have one or more deterioration events (arrest, CPR, unplanned intubation), with 24 total events observed during the interstage period. Characteristics associated with imminent deterioration were low SpO2 and depressed ST segment. Changes in physiological dynamics could be detected 1-2 hours before overt deterioration occurs (ROC area = 0.89) (Figure 1). This altered physiological state remains for ~96 hours after deterioration. In conclusion, it is possible to identify clinical deterioration in HLHS patients during their interstage period ~1-2 hours before overt deterioration occurs, providing an opportunity for early, life-saving intervention to be administered.

scholarly journals A dataset of clinically recorded radar vital signs with synchronised reference sensor signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Schellenberger ◽  
Kilin Shi ◽  
Tobias Steigleder ◽  
Anke Malessa ◽  
Fabian Michler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Tilt Table ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Impedance Cardiogram ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Reference Device ◽  
Sensor Signals

Abstract Using Radar it is possible to measure vital signs through clothing or a mattress from the distance. This allows for a very comfortable way of continuous monitoring in hospitals or home environments. The dataset presented in this article consists of 24 h of synchronised data from a radar and a reference device. The implemented continuous wave radar system is based on the Six-Port technology and operates at 24 GHz in the ISM band. The reference device simultaneously measures electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram and non-invasive continuous blood pressure. 30 healthy subjects were measured by physicians according to a predefined protocol. The radar was focused on the chest while the subjects were lying on a tilt table wired to the reference monitoring device. In this manner five scenarios were conducted, the majority of them aimed to trigger hemodynamics and the autonomic nervous system of the subjects. Using the database, algorithms for respiratory or cardiovascular analysis can be developed and a better understanding of the characteristics of the radar-recorded vital signs can be gained.

SOME RECENT ADVANCES IN OFFSHORE REGIONAL RECONNAISSANCE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY METHODS

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
K. R. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Geophysical Survey Methods

Traditional geophysical methods in use offshore include the airborne magnetometer, underwater gravity meter, and seismic reflection with 24-channel recording and large explosive energy source. Navigation is by range-range and hyperbolic phase-comparison radio systems set up as local networks. Other methods now being used include towed magnetometer, surface gravity meter, and automatic continuous seismic profilers, and all three methods can be used for simultaneous recording from a single recording boat. Navigation systems not requiring local networks include satellite radio doppler, very low frequency phase measurement and sonar doppler devices. These may be used word-wide and 24 hours per day. A single recording boat may thus be virtually self-sufficient. The Bureau of Mineral Resources plans a survey for 1967 that will use a number of these geophysical methods and navigation aids.

scholarly journals Sequences of Intonation Units form a ~ 1 Hz rhythm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Inbar ◽  
Eitan Grossman ◽  
Ayelet N. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Intonation Units ◽  
Speech Envelope

Abstract Studies of speech processing investigate the relationship between temporal structure in speech stimuli and neural activity. Despite clear evidence that the brain tracks speech at low frequencies (~ 1 Hz), it is not well understood what linguistic information gives rise to this rhythm. In this study, we harness linguistic theory to draw attention to Intonation Units (IUs), a fundamental prosodic unit of human language, and characterize their temporal structure as captured in the speech envelope, an acoustic representation relevant to the neural processing of speech. IUs are defined by a specific pattern of syllable delivery, together with resets in pitch and articulatory force. Linguistic studies of spontaneous speech indicate that this prosodic segmentation paces new information in language use across diverse languages. Therefore, IUs provide a universal structural cue for the cognitive dynamics of speech production and comprehension. We study the relation between IUs and periodicities in the speech envelope, applying methods from investigations of neural synchronization. Our sample includes recordings from every-day speech contexts of over 100 speakers and six languages. We find that sequences of IUs form a consistent low-frequency rhythm and constitute a significant periodic cue within the speech envelope. Our findings allow to predict that IUs are utilized by the neural system when tracking speech. The methods we introduce here facilitate testing this prediction in the future (i.e., with physiological data).

scholarly journals A Sub-6 GHz Vital Signs Sensor Using Software Defined Radios

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Onur Toker ◽  
Rawa Adla
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Software Radio ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Rf Components ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations

Recently, there has been high demand for contactless devices for monitoring vital signs, therefore developing a low-cost contactless breathing sensor would have a great benefit for many patients and healthcare workers. In this paper, we propose a contactless sub-6 GHz breathing sensor with an implementation using a low-cost universal software radio peripheral (USRP) B205-mini device. A detailed performance analysis of the proposed system with different sensor algorithms is presented. The proposed system estimates the channel phase shift and detects the presence of low frequency oscillations in the estimated phase shift. Compared to 24 or 77 GHz FMCW-radar-based systems using distance measurements, the proposed system is simpler, can be built using more economical RF components, and requires lower sampling frequencies. Another key advantage of the proposed system is that even a very narrow unused frequency band is enough for the operation of the sensor. When operated at frequencies shared by other devices, the proposed system can turn off the transmitter at randomly selected intervals to detect the presence of other transmission activities, and can then switch to a different operating frequency. We provide both Python- and Octave/MATLAB-based implementations, which are available in a public GitHub repository.

scholarly journals Towards a Remote Monitoring of Patient Vital Signs Based on IoT-Based Blockchain Integrity Management Platforms in Smart Hospitals

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Jamil ◽  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Naeem Iqbal ◽  
Do-Hyeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Government

Over the past several years, many healthcare applications have been developed to enhance the healthcare industry. Recent advancements in information technology and blockchain technology have revolutionized electronic healthcare research and industry. The innovation of miniaturized healthcare sensors for monitoring patient vital signs has improved and secured the human healthcare system. The increase in portable health devices has enhanced the quality of health-monitoring status both at an activity/fitness level for self-health tracking and at a medical level, providing more data to clinicians with potential for earlier diagnosis and guidance of treatment. When sharing personal medical information, data security and comfort are essential requirements for interaction with and collection of electronic medical records. However, it is hard for current systems to meet these requirements because they have inconsistent security policies and access control structures. The new solutions should be directed towards improving data access, and should be managed by the government in terms of privacy and security requirements to ensure the reliability of data for medical purposes. Blockchain paves the way for a revolution in the traditional pharmaceutical industry and benefits from unique features such as privacy and transparency of data. In this paper, we propose a novel platform for monitoring patient vital signs using smart contracts based on blockchain. The proposed system is designed and developed using hyperledger fabric, which is an enterprise-distributed ledger framework for developing blockchain-based applications. This approach provides several benefits to the patients, such as an extensive, immutable history log, and global access to medical information from anywhere at any time. The Libelium e-Health toolkit is used to acquire physiological data. The performance of the designed and developed system is evaluated in terms of transaction per second, transaction latency, and resource utilization using a standard benchmark tool known as Hyperledger Caliper. It is found that the proposed system outperforms the traditional health care system for monitoring patient data.

scholarly journals MEMS-Based Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Pulse Wave and Respiration Rate

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Masaaki Ichiki
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Inner Pressure ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
The Subject

The continuous measurements of vital signs (body temperature, blood pressure, pulse wave, and respiration rate) are important in many applications across various fields, including healthcare and sports. To realize such measurements, wearable devices that cause minimal discomfort to the wearers are highly desired. Accordingly, a device that can measure multiple vital signs simultaneously using a single sensing element is important in order to reduce the number of devices attached to the wearer’s body, thereby reducing user discomfort. Thus, in this study, we propose a device with a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based pressure sensor that can simultaneously measure the blood pulse wave and respiration rate using only one sensing element. In particular, in the proposed device, a thin silicone tube, whose inner pressure can be measured via a piezoresistive cantilever, is attached to the nose pad of a pair of eyeglasses. On wearing the eyeglasses, the tube of sensor device is in contact with the area above the angular artery and nasal cavity of the subject, and thus, both pulse wave and breath of the subject cause the tube’s inner pressure to change. We experimentally show that it is possible to extract information related to pulse wave and respiration as the low-frequency and high-frequency components of the sensor signal, respectively.

Lessons learned from the Hospital Without Walls project

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dadd ◽  
Briony Doyle ◽  
Laurie Wilson ◽  
Marcus Gunaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Vital Signs ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Emergency Events

summary The Hospital Without Walls is an ongoing ambitious project in home telecare that incorporates research into physiological monitoring, low-power radio communication, database storage of physiological data and methods of viewing clinically relevant information from large quantities of stored data. The system records vital signs from patients in their homes using a body-mounted, two-way radio system and a base station located in the home, which transmits data records to a central recording facility every day or in response to predefined emergency events. The prototype system has successfully undergone preliminary clinical trials, with a particular clinical emphasis on monitoring activity using three-axis accelerometers. Our experience with the trial suggests that there are significant differences in the technical design required for a long-term, home monitoring system and one where monitoring takes place in an environment staffed by health professionals.

Tissue window chamber system for validation of implanted oxygen sensors

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. H2288-H2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan T. Makale ◽  
Joe T. Lin ◽  
Richard E. Calou ◽  
Amy G. Tsai ◽  
Peter C. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Observation Window ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Window Chamber ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

An experimental system is described for validating electrochemical oxygen sensors implanted in tissues. The system is a modified hamster window chamber in which a thin layer of vascularized tissue is held between two plates, one plate having an observation window and the other plate having an array of oxygen sensors. This arrangement permits simultaneous recording of oxygen sensor signals and nondestructive visualization of the tissue adjacent to the sensors over periods of 1 mo or more, without the inhibitory effects of anesthesia. The system provides a means for study of the effects of spatial and temporal oxygen distributions on the sensor signals and adaptation of the tissue structure over time. Examples are given of sensor recordings and images of tissues with implanted oxygen sensor arrays.

scholarly journals Forcecardiography: A Novel Technique to Measure Heart Mechanical Vibrations onto the Chest Wall

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3885
Author(s):  
Emilio Andreozzi ◽  
Antonio Fratini ◽  
Daniele Esposito ◽  
Ganesh Naik ◽  
Caitlin Polley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Novel Technique

This paper presents forcecardiography (FCG), a novel technique to measure local, cardiac-induced vibrations onto the chest wall. Since the 19th century, several techniques have been proposed to detect the mechanical vibrations caused by cardiovascular activity, the great part of which was abandoned due to the cumbersome instrumentation involved. The recent availability of unobtrusive sensors rejuvenated the research field with the most currently established technique being seismocardiography (SCG). SCG is performed by placing accelerometers onto the subject’s chest and provides information on major events of the cardiac cycle. The proposed FCG measures the cardiac-induced vibrations via force sensors placed onto the subject’s chest and provides signals with a richer informational content as compared to SCG. The two techniques were compared by analysing simultaneous recordings acquired by means of a force sensor, an accelerometer and an electrocardiograph (ECG). The force sensor and the accelerometer were rigidly fixed to each other and fastened onto the xiphoid process with a belt. The high-frequency (HF) components of FCG and SCG were highly comparable (r > 0.95) although lagged. The lag was estimated by cross-correlation and resulted in about tens of milliseconds. An additional, large, low-frequency (LF) component, associated with ventricular volume variations, was observed in FCG, while not being visible in SCG. The encouraging results of this feasibility study suggest that FCG is not only able to acquire similar information as SCG, but it also provides additional information on ventricular contraction. Further analyses are foreseen to confirm the advantages of FCG as a technique to improve the scope and significance of pervasive cardiac monitoring.

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