scholarly journals Decision-Making Process in the Case of Insufficient Rail Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5023
Author(s):  
Anna Dolinayova ◽  
Vladislav Zitricky ◽  
Lenka Cerna
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Detailed Calculation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Rail Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

One of the main priorities of transport policy in the EU is to take measures to support railway transport as an environmentally friendly transport mode. An interesting challenge for a railway transport operation is represented with cost items for its operation. This problem is exacerbated if transport flows are routed through a congested railway infrastructure. If some or all transport takes place on congested rail infrastructure, the carrier’s costs increase, which may ultimately lead to withdrawal from the market. The article deals with the impact of insufficient capacity on the rail carrier’s costs. We used a pre-cost calculation methodology to calculate the rail carrier’s additional costs due to the insufficient railway network capacity based on detailed calculation of train costs and proposed a methodology for carrier decision-making in case of insufficient rail infrastructure capacity. The case study showed that the use of a diversion track in case of insufficient planned rail line capacity may not be advantageous for carriers, even with a longer waiting time for capacity to be released. One of the ways to eliminate the negative effects of congested railway infrastructure is investment in the increase of its capacity.

Stressed decision makers and use of decision aids: a literature review and conceptual model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 710-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Adya ◽  
Gloria Phillips-Wren
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Decision making is inherently stressful since the decision maker must choose between potentially conflicting alternatives with unique hazards and uncertain outcomes. Whereas decision aids such as decision support systems (DSS) can be beneficial in stressful scenarios, decision makers sometimes misuse them during decision making, leading to suboptimal outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between stress, decision making and decision aid use. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct an extensive multi-disciplinary review of decision making and DSS use through the lens of stress and examine how stress, as perceived by decision makers, impacts their use or misuse of DSS even when such aids can improve decision quality. Research questions examine underlying sources of stress in managerial decision making that influence decision quality, relationships between a decision maker’s perception of stress, DSS use/misuse, and decision quality, and implications for research and practice on DSS design and capabilities. Findings The study presents a conceptual model that provides an integrative behavioral view of the impact of a decision maker’s perceived stress on their use of a DSS and the quality of their decisions. The authors identify critical knowledge gaps and propose a research agenda to improve decision quality and use of DSS by considering a decision maker’s perceived stress. Originality/value This study provides a previously unexplored view of DSS use and misuse as shaped by the decision and job stress experienced by decision makers. Through the application of four theories, the review and its findings highlight key design principles that can mitigate the negative effects of stressors on DSS use.

RAILWAY TRANSPORT UNDER POLISH LAW

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Maciej Ruciński
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
The Law ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article presents an outline of the law governing railway transport in comparison with the regulations for road transport. The comparison shows that railway entrepreneurs are much more encumbered with legal obligations than road carriers, which in part is due to the specificity of this branch of transport. The essential constraints to the competitiveness of railway transport relate to the cost of access to railway infrastructure and its condition. The article also points out the faulty legislation, disadvantageous to both modes of transport, and attempts to determine the impact of legal solutions for the development of rail transport.

scholarly journals Behavioral Biases as An Effective Factor for the Firm Financial Decision-Making: A Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2103-2115
Author(s):  
Bilgehan TEKIN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Behavioral Biases ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Decision-making process is a multi-faceted and complex process. Decision making can be defined like a process of choosing from among a number of alternatives. It will not contribute enough to be fully understood and to effective decision making to be addressed only from the rational point of view. Behavioral finance is an integral part of the decision-making process. Individuals can improve their performance by recognizing the biases which discussed in the framework of behavioral finance. Understanding the possible negative effects of biases allows to the individuals to make better choices and they can avoid repeating the expensive errors in future. Result of investigations of behavioral biases on decision-makers in the firms, managerial bias issue has been raised. The studies show the effect of managerial biases on many financial decisions in firms. This paper investigated the role of biases such as overconfidence, loss aversion, optimism, anchoring, narrow framing, self-serving attribution, disposition effect etc. on financial decisions such as investing, financing, equity market, capital structure etc. This study review of 30 international studies related with behavioral corporate finance and behavioral biases that affect financial decisions in firms. The studies were gleaned from Web of Science and Google Scholar. The main contribution of this study to the literature is this study brings out the impact of behavioral biases on financial decisions in the firms by summarizing the previous studies. In this sense, this work also has an assembly quality. Therefore, this is also intended with this study that to transfer the knowledge and intellectual formation about the impact of behavioral bias on the financial decisions. In this paper, most important behavioral biases in the behavioral finance literature will be addressed.

Inteference Mitigation in Femtocellular Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amevi Acakpovi ◽  
Dominique Kogue ◽  
Koudjo Mawuefam Koumadi ◽  
Ibrahim Tahirou
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Power Control Algorithm ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Adaptive Power ◽  
The Impact

<span lang="EN-US">Femtocells can significantly boost up wireless cellular network capacity by reducing communication distances to user equipment and also by reusing resources already utilized in the macrocell network on which they overlay. However, the deployment of femtocells within a macrocell coverage area, causes severe interference between the femtocell and the macrocell, which may have an impact on the overall performance of the femtocells. Avoiding such interference is very important for the effective co-existence </span><span lang="EN-US">of femtocells and macrocell. This paper proposes an algorithm to mitigate cross-tier interference between </span><span lang="EN-US">a femtocell and a macrocell using adaptive power control. The proposed approach is modeled and simulated using MATLAB. The impact on the performance of the </span><span lang="EN-US">femtocell using the proposed algorithm </span><span lang="EN-US">is analysed. Results show that the proposed adaptive power control algorithm has tremendously reduced the negative effects on the system throughput, delay and outage probability for voice and data traffics.</span>

Heat-Related Failures on Southeast England’s Railway Network: Insights and Implications for Heat Risk Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Ferranti ◽  
Lee Chapman ◽  
Caroline Lowe ◽  
Steve McCulloch ◽  
David Jaroszweski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Heat Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High temperatures and heat waves can cause numerous problems for railway infrastructure, such as track buckling, sagging of overhead lines, and the failure of electrical equipment. Without adaptation, these problems are set to increase in a future warmer climate. This study used industry fault data to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of heat-related incidents in southeast England and produce a unique evidence base of the impact of temperature on the rail network. In particular, the analysis explored the concept of failure harvesting, whereby the infrastructure system becomes increasingly resilient to temperature over the course of the summer season (April–September) as the most vulnerable assets fail with each incremental rise in temperature. The analysis supports the hypothesis and clearly shows that a greater number of heat-related incidents occur in the early/midsummer season before reducing significantly, despite equivalently high temperatures. This failure harvesting and the consequential increased resilience of the railway infrastructure system over the course of the summer season could permit an innovative and dynamic new approach to heat risk management on the railway network. New approaches that would reduce the disruption and delays and improve service are explored here.

scholarly journals Sensitivity enriched multi-criterion decision making process for novel railway switches and crossings − a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh C. Boghani ◽  
Ramakrishnan Ambur ◽  
Marcelo Blumenfeld ◽  
Louis Saade ◽  
Roger M. Goodall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Many ◽  
Effective Case

Abstract Background Despite their important role in railway operations, switches and crossings (S&C) have changed little since their conception over a century ago. It stands now that the existing designs for S&C are reaching their maximum point of incremental performance improvement, and only a radical redesign can overcome the constraints that current designs are imposing on railway network capacity. This paper describes the process of producing novel designs for next generation switches and crossings, as part of the S-CODE project. Methods Given the many aspects that govern a successful S&C design, it is critical to adopt multi criteria decision making (MCDM) processes to identify a specific solution for the next generation of switches and crossings. However, a common shortcoming of these methods is that their results can be heavily influenced by external factors, such as uncertainty in criterium weighting or bias of the evaluators, for example. This paper therefore proposes a process based on the Pugh Matrix method to reduce such biases by using sensitivity analysis to investigate them and improve the reliability of decision making. Results In this paper, we analysed the influences of three different external factors, measuring the sensitivity of ranking due to (a) weightings, (b) organisational and (c) discipline bias. The order of preference of the results was disturbed only to a minimum while small influences of bias were detected. Conclusions Through this case study, we believe that the paper demonstrates an effective case study for a quantitative process that can improve the reliability of decision making.

scholarly journals The Impact of Trust, Satisfaction, and Perceived Quality on Preference for Setting of Future Care Among Veterans With PTSD

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e708-e714
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Haro ◽  
Michael Mader ◽  
Polly H Noël ◽  
Hector Garcia ◽  
Dawne Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Future Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Among US veterans, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a high-prevalence condition; more than a million veterans of all combat eras are service-connected for this condition. Research on factors driving veterans’ decision-making regarding preferred setting for PTSD care has been limited. The purpose of this study was to understand factors associated with preferences for setting of future PTSD care among veterans service-connected for PTSD. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey among veterans with service connection for PTSD in Texas and Vermont identified from the Veterans Services Network Corporate Mini Master File (VETSNET). Survey items were intended to elucidate PTSD healthcare decision-making and queried utilization, perceived need for care, and satisfaction and preferences for VA, community, and/or military setting for receipt of future PTSD care. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with preference for care setting. UT Health San Antonio’s Institutional Review Board determined this quality improvement project to be non-research. Results Veterans (n = 2,327) were surveyed with an overall response rate of 37.1%. Most veterans (72.4%) identified VA as a preferred site for their future PTSD care; a substantial, but smaller, number of veterans identified being interested in receiving care in community (39.9%) and military (12.7%) settings. Factors associated with preferences for future care setting included demographics (e.g., ethnicity, income), availability of healthcare coverage, prior experiences of care, and attitudes related to perceived quality of care and trust in VA. Conclusions These findings suggest that it is important to retain foundational mental health services within VA, as well as to continue to invest in building provider and network capacity in community settings, to ensure alignment with veteran preferences for care setting.

scholarly journals Dostępność transportowa aglomeracji rzeszowskiej w kontekście realizowanych i planowanych inwestycji w infrastrukturze kolejowej

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Beata Gierczak-Korzeniowska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the importance of investments in railway infrastructure for improving the transport accessibility of the Rzeszów agglomeration. For an intensively developing and expanding Rzeszów agglomeration, accessibility plays a key role not only in determining the value of residential and commercial real estate but, above all, in meeting the needs related to the mobility of the region’s inhabitants from one place to another (e.g. to work or school). Therefore, transport accessibility is an important element of spatial organization and has a significant impact on the level and pace of the socio-economic development in the region. The paper consists of a theoretical part and a case study characterising several investment projects in the railway transport infrastructure. The aim of the article is to present the impact planned and implemented investments in rail transport to improvement of accessibility, and thus the level and quality of life of the inhabitants of the Rzeszów agglomeration. The considerations were supplemented with an attempt to assess the current transport accessibility in the region and the changes that will occur as a result of the implemented investments.

Nuanced Aggression in Group Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dryden Henningsen ◽  
Mary Lynn Miller Henningsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Influence Tactics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Compliance Gaining ◽  
The Impact

Group decision making in organizations represents an opportunity for group members to seek to exert social influence. Whining and bullying are examined as nonrational influence tactics used by individuals in groups. Both tactics are envisioned as forms of aggression, differing across a dominance—submissiveness continuum. The impact of whining and bullying as compliance gaining tactics for organizational group decision making is examined using 234 individuals whose jobs include group decision making in organizations. The use of bullying and whining tactics are positively correlated indicating dominance complementarity, with increases in one tactic being associated with increases in the other. In addition, bullying and whining are found to have negative effects on cohesiveness and group decision-making effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Effect of COVID-19 on Land Transport Within the European Union and Guidelines for its Stable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Svetla Tzvetkova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Limited Demand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 pandemic delivered a devastating blow to land transport in Europe. The measures adopted for its containment drastically reduced services provided by railway transport and motor transport. Despite the limited demand during the pandemic, transport carriers did not cease their activities and proved their place in Europe’s logistics chain. In order to overcome the negative effects of the crisis and restore mobility within the EU, transport firms require financial help and support. The present article reveals the negative results of the activity of passenger and cargo carriers within the EU in 2020 and makes inferences and recommendations for overcoming the negative situation faster on the basis of data presented by Eurostat about the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on land transport. The presented data from Eurostat on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has served as a basis to make the respective inferences and indicate the fundamental guidelines for the stable development of land transport within the EU. Since railway transport is the safest, most secure and environmentally friendly type of transport, the focus is on the necessity for priority support of its activities.

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