scholarly journals Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Ayesha Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
Asma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Growth Development

Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.

Regulation of Gene Expression in Higher Plants

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kuhlemeier ◽  
P J Green ◽  
N H Chua
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression

scholarly journals Role of Sulphate Transporter (PiSulT) of Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica in Plant Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Narayan ◽  
Nidhi Verma ◽  
Abhimanyu Jogawat ◽  
Meenakshi Dua ◽  
Atul Kumar Johri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Growth Development

ABSTRACTSulfur is an important macronutrient required for the growth, development of plants and is a key component of many metabolic pathways. We have functionally characterized a high-affinity sulphate transporter (PiSulT) from an endophytic fungus Serendipita indica. The PiSulT belongs to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporter. The PiSulT functionally complements the yeast sulphate transporter mutant HK14. PiSulT is a high-affinity sulphate transporter, having Km 15μM. We found enhanced expression of PiSulT in external fungal hyphae which helps the fungus in the acquisition of sulphate from the soil. When knockdown (KD)-PiSulT-P.indica colonized with the plant, it results in an 8-fold reduction in the transfer of sulphate to the colonized plants as compared to the plants colonized with the WT S. indica, which suggests that PiSulT is playing a role in sulphate transfer from soil to host plant. Further, plants colonized with the WT S. indica were found to be healthy in comparison to the plants colonized with the KD-PiSulT-P.indica. Additionally, S. indica colonization provides a positive effect on total sulfur content and on plant metabolites like sulfate ions and glutathione, particularly under low sulphate condition. We observed that the expression of sulfur assimilation pathway genes of S. indica and plant is dependent on the availability of sulphate and on the colonization with the plant. Our study highlights the importance of PiSulT in the improvement of sulfur nutrition of host plant particularly under low sulphate condition and in plant growth development. This study will open new vistas to use S. indica as a bio-fertilizer in the sulphate deficient field to improve crop production.One-Sentence SummaryHigh-affinity sulphate transporter of Serendipita indica (PiSulT) transfer sulphate from soil to plant under low sulphate condition and improve plant growth and development.

Regulation of gene expression in chloroplasts of higher plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Sugita ◽  
Masahiro Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression

scholarly journals Tomato Bio-Protection Induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 Involves ROS Scavenging Enzymes and PRs, without Compromising Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Ana García-Villaraco ◽  
Lamia Boukerma ◽  
Jose Antonio Lucas ◽  
Francisco Javier Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
Beatriz Ramos-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Aims: to discover the interrelationship between growth, protection and photosynthesis induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 in tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum) challenged with the leaf pathogen Xanthomonas campestris, and to define its priming fingerprint. Methods: Photosynthesis was determined by fluorescence; plant protection was evaluated by relative disease incidence, enzyme activities by specific colorimetric assays and gene expression by qPCR. Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging cycle enzymes and pathogenesis related protein activity and expression were determined as metabolic and genetic markers of induction of systemic resistance. Results: N21.4 significantly protected plants and increased dry weight. Growth increase is supported by significant increases in photochemical quenching together with significant decreases in energy dissipation (Non-Photochemical Quenching, NPQ). Protection was associated with changes in ROS scavenging cycle enzymes, which were significantly increased on N21.4 + pathogen challenged plants, supporting the priming effect. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was a good indicator of biotic stress, showing similar levels in pathogen- and N21.4-treated plants. Similarly, the activity of defense-related enzymes, ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase significantly increased in post-pathogen challenge state; changes in gene expression were not coupled to activity. Conclusions: protection does not compromise plant growth; N21.4 priming fingerprint is defined by enhanced photochemical quenching and decreased energy dissipation, enhanced chlorophylls, primed ROS scavenging cycle enzyme activity, and glucanase and chitinase activity.

Freezing tolerance of plants: current understanding and selected emerging concepts

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1216-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L Guy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Spatial Redistribution ◽  
Physical Changes

The formation of ice on and inside plant tissues represents a major challenge to survival. The resulting phase transition and spatial redistribution of liquid water from inside the cell to extracellular ice results in physical changes to cells and enormous physical stresses and strains. The ability of higher plants to acclimate and tolerate freezing stress is a complex quantitative trait and the product of the activities of not one, but a sizable suite of genes. Many of the known cold-regulated genes are under the control of a primary master regulator, CBF/DREB1, but it is not likely to be the sole master regulator. In considering the origin of freezing tolerance in higher plants, it has been suggested that freezing tolerance likely arose by adopting drought tolerance mechanisms. This may explain why many genes responsive to cold stress are also responsive to drought and (or) other osmotic stresses.Key words: abiotic, dehydration, gene expression, physiology, signal transduction, transcriptome.

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