scholarly journals Fail to Yield? An Analysis of Ambulance Crashes in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Ming-Che Chao
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Crash Injuries ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction—Medical emergency vehicles help patients get to the hospital quickly. However, there were more and more ambulance crashes on the road in Taiwan during the last decade. This study investigated the characteristics of medical emergency vehicle crashes in Taiwan from January 2003 to December 2016. Methods—The ordered logit (OL) model, multinominal logit (MNL) model, and partial proportional odds (PPO) model were applied to investigate the relationship between the severity of ambulance crash injuries and its risk factors. Results—We found the various factors have different effects on the overall severity of ambulance crashes, such as ambulance drivers’ characteristics and road and weather conditions. When another car was involved in ambulance crashes, there was a disproportionate effect on the different overall severity, as found by the PPO model. Conclusions—The results showed that male ambulance drivers and car drivers who failed to yield to an ambulance had a higher risk of severe injury from ambulance crashes. Ambulance crashes are an emerging issue and need further policies and public education regarding Taiwan’s ambulance transportation safety.

CERTAIN SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION AND PROPAGANDA SAFE BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
О.О. Марокко
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
The Relationship

В статье рассматриваются некоторые социально-психологические аспекты повышения эффективности социальной рекламы в области безопасности дорожного движения. Автором отмечено, что для достижения цели субъект пропаганды дол- жен осознать взаимосвязь между его индивидуальным поведением на дороге и надежностью всей системы жизнеобеспечения. The article discuses some of the socio-psychological aspects of increasing of social advertising in the field of road safety. The author notes that in order to achieve the goal, the subject of propaganda must aware of the relationship between his individual behavior on the road and the reliability of the entire life support system.

scholarly journals Automatic traffic light controller for emergency vehicle using peripheral interface controller

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norlezah Hashim ◽  
Fakrulradzi Idris ◽  
Ahmad Fauzan Kadmin ◽  
Siti Suhaila Jaapar Sidek
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Light Area ◽  
On The Road

Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Result showed the design is capable to response within the range of 55 meters. This project was successfully designed, implemented and tested.

scholarly journals P075 Travel or cheers? Examining the drivers and mechanisms of home court advantage in the 2020/2021 NBA regular season

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A45-A45
Author(s):  
J Leota ◽  
D Hoffman ◽  
L Mascaro ◽  
M Czeisler ◽  
K Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Home Team ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Home court advantage (HCA) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is well-documented, yet the co-occurring drivers responsible for this advantage have proven difficult to examine in isolation. The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the elimination of crowds in ~50% of games during the 2020/2021 NBA season, whereas travel remained unchanged. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we investigated the impact of crowds and travel-related sleep and circadian disruption on NBA HCA. Methods 1080 games from the 2020/2021 NBA regular season were analyzed using mixed models (fixed effects: crowds, travel; random effects: team, opponent). Results In games with crowds, home teams won 58.65% of the time and outrebounded (M=2.28) and outscored (M=2.18) their opponents. In games without crowds, home teams won significantly less (50.60%, p = .01) and were outrebounded (M=-0.41, p < .001) and outscored (M=-0.13, p < .05) by their opponents. Further, the increase in home rebound margin fully mediated the relationship between crowds and home points margin (p < .001). No significant sleep or circadian effects were observed. Discussion Taken together, these results suggest that HCA in the 2020/2021 NBA season was predominately driven by the presence of crowds and their influence on the effort exerted by the home team to rebound the ball. Moreover, we speculate that the strict NBA COVID-19 policies may have mitigated the travel-related sleep and circadian effects on the road team. These findings are of considerable significance to a domain wherein marginal gains can have immense competitive, financial, and even historical consequences.

The Study of Tire Pattern Noise by Using Wavelet Transform

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Wook Hwang ◽  
Jin Hyuk Han ◽  
Ki Duck Sung ◽  
Sang Kwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Signal Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pattern Noise ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Non Stationary Signal ◽  
The Relationship

Tire noise is classified by pattern noise and road noise in a vehicle. Especially pattern noise has impulsive characteristics since it is generated by impacting of tire’s block on the road. Therefore, a special signal process is needed other than traditional Fourier Transform, because the characteristic of signal is varying with time. On the other hand, the pattern noise is a kind of non-stationary signal and is related to the impulsive train of pitch sequence of a block. In this paper, Wavelet Transform is applied to verify the impulse signal caused by impact of block and groove and to verify the relationship between the pattern noise and the train of pitch sequence.

scholarly journals Preventing Emergency Vehicle Crashes: Status and Challenges of Human Factors Issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1048-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Hsiao ◽  
Joonho Chang ◽  
Peter Simeonov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Objective: This study reports current status of knowledge and challenges associated with the emergency vehicle (police car, fire truck, and ambulance) crashes, with respect to the major contributing risk factors. Background: Emergency vehicle crashes are a serious nationwide problem, causing injury and death to emergency responders and citizens. Understanding the underlying causes of these crashes is critical for establishing effective strategies for reducing the occurrence of similar incidents. Method: We reviewed the broader literature associated with the contributing factors for emergency vehicle crashes: peer-reviewed journal papers; and reports, policies, and manuals published by government agencies, universities, and research institutes. Results: Major risk factors for emergency vehicle crashes identified in this study were organized into four categories: driver, task, vehicle, and environmental factors. Also, current countermeasures and interventions to mitigate the hazards of emergency vehicle crashes were discussed, and new ideas for future studies were suggested. Conclusion: Risk factors, control measures, and knowledge gaps relevant to emergency vehicle crashes were presented. Six research concepts are offered for the human factors community to address. Among the topics are emergency vehicle driver risky behavior carryover between emergency response and return from a call, distraction in emergency vehicle driving, in-vehicle driver assistance technologies, vehicle red light running, and pedestrian crash control. Application: This information is helpful for emergency vehicle drivers, safety practitioners, public safety agencies, and research communities to mitigate crash risks. It also offers ideas for researchers to advance technologies and strategies to further emergency vehicle safety on the road.

Modal Analysis of a Utility Bicycle From the Perspective of Riding Comfort

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Doria ◽  
Edoardo Marconi ◽  
Pierluca Cialoni
Keyword(s):  
Modal Testing ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Power Spectral Densities ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The correlation between the modal properties and the comfort characteristics of a utility, step-through frame bicycle are investigated. In-plane modal testing of the vehicle is carried out both without and with the rider, and the major differences between the results obtained with the two conditions are highlighted. In order to have an insight into the contribution of the various bicycle components to the transmission of vibrations, the frequency response functions (FRFs) between the main interface points in the vehicle structure are measured and studied. Finally, the modal characteristics are compared with road tests data, emphasizing the relationship between the in-plane vibration modes and the main peaks in the acceleration power spectral densities (PSDs) measured on the road.

scholarly journals Women’s body image and breastfeeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Barbara Broers ◽  
Joanna Wawrzyniak ◽  
Wiktoria Kubiec
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Women's Body Image ◽  
Mental Construct ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship

Only a small number of studies draw attention to the relationship between body image after pregnancy and during lactation with the decision to undertake and continue breastfeeding. Body image is a complex mental construct, which consists of: cognitive, emotional and behavioural components, and which is subject to change during the life of the woman. Pregnancy, childbirth and lactation affect the physicality of women, which is also reflected in the way of defining their body image. Dissatisfaction with own body can affect the decision to breastfeed or cause discomfort during breastfeeding. At the same time, undertaking breastfeeding can, through the hormones secreted at the time, positively influence the assessment of the woman’s body before and during pregnancy. The discovery of this relationship, and in the future indicating the precise correlation phenomena, could have a practical use in working with patients whether to breastfeed. By noticing and identifying an early onset of irregularities in the forming body image of a pregnant women, healthcare professionals can support those in need to build a real body image and positive attitude towards occurring changes and thus increase their comfort. Recognising and understanding the obstacles women experience on the road to breastfeeding, educators and professionals can create programs which consider a more complex, psycho-physical dimension of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Joint Impact of Rain and Incidents on Traffic Stream Speeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elhenawy ◽  
Hesham A. Rakha ◽  
Huthaifa I. Ashqar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Stream ◽  
Traffic Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Unpredictable and heterogeneous weather conditions and road incidents are common factors that impact highway traffic speeds. A better understanding of the interplay of different factors that affect roadway traffic speeds is essential for policymakers to mitigate congestion and improve road safety. This study investigates the effect of precipitation and incidents on the speed of traffic in the eastbound direction of I-64 in Virginia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that studies the relationship between precipitation and incidents as factors that would have a combined effect on traffic stream speeds. Furthermore, using a mixture model of two linear regressions, we were able to model the two different regimes that the traffic speed could be classified into, namely, free-flow and congested. Using INRIX traffic data from 2013 through 2016 along a 25.6-mi section of Interstate 64 in Virginia, results show that the reduction of traffic speed only due to incidents ranges from 41% to 75% if the road is already congested. In this case, precipitation was found to be statistically insignificant. However, regardless of the incident impact, the effect of light rain in free-flow conditions ranges from insignificant to a 4% speed reduction while the effect of heavy rain ranges from a 0.6% to a 6.5% speed reduction when the incident severity is low but has a roughly double effect when the incident severity is high.

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