scholarly journals Structure Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cross-Border Electricity Trade: A Complex Network Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5797
Author(s):  
Yue Pu ◽  
Yunting Li ◽  
Yingzi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Electricity Trade ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Common

Electricity is one of the most widely used forms of energy. However, environmental pollution from electricity generation and the mismatch between electricity supply and demand have long been bothering economies across the world. Under this background, cross-border electricity trade provides a new direction for sustainable development. Based on the complex network approach, this paper aims to explore the structural characteristics and evolution of cross-border electricity trade networks and to figure out the factors influencing the formation of the network by using the more advanced network analysis method—ERGM. The results show that: (1) The scale of the electricity trade network is expanding, but there are still many economies not involved. (2) The centrality of the network shifts from west to east. The level of internal electricity interconnection is high in Europe, and Asian countries’ coordination role in cross-border electricity trade networks is enhanced. (3) Cross-border electricity trade helps to reduce CO2 emissions, achieve renewable energy transformation, and reduce power supply and demand mismatch. Large gaps in GDP, electricity prices, industrial structure, geographical distance and institutional distance between economies are not conducive to form the cross-border trade network, while the common language is on the contrary.

Promoting Women’s Participation in Cross-border Trade in South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Talajeh Livani ◽  
Jennifer Solotaroff
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Border Trade

Historically, practitioners and policymakers have overlooked gender issues in the trade space; however, research in recent decades strongly suggests that trade is not gender neutral. Cross-border trade produces changes in employment and prices, and these changes have different effects on women and men. Moreover, because women and men do not have equal access to education, networks, transportation and productive resources, their ability to seize trade-related opportunities differs. General trade barriers, such as deficient infrastructure and cumbersome regulatory and documentary requirements, also have gender-differentiated impacts. Drawing from the global literature, this article proposes policy recommendations to expand the benefits of trade to women in South Asia. The recommendations range from strengthening female-dominated export sectors and implementing trade facilitation measures to increasing women’s access to training, productive resources, information, transportation and trade networks.

THE COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW, CONSUMER PROTECTION AND OVERRIDING MANDATORY PROVISIONS IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bisping
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common European Sales Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article analyses the relationship of the proposed Common European Sales Law (CESL) and the rules on mandatory and overriding provisions in private international law. The author argues that the CESL will not achieve its stated aim of taking precedence over these provisions of national law and therefore not lead to an increase in cross-border trade. It is pointed out how slight changes in drafting can overcome the collision with mandatory provisions. The clash with overriding mandatory provisions, the author argues, should be taken as an opportunity to rethink the definition of these provisions.

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil Trade Structure: A Complex Network Analysis

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gaogao Dong ◽  
Ting Qing ◽  
Lixin Tian ◽  
Ruijin Du ◽  
Jingjing Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Trade Structure

With the contradiction between supply and demand being intensified, the unreasonable crude oil trade structure has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, optimizing the supply and demand structure of the global crude oil trade is an urgent problem, which has become one of the crucial factors affecting the energy strategy and economic development of each country. This paper builds an optimization model that aims at minimizing crude oil trade costs based on the complex network theory. Meanwhile, an optimal solution generation approach is proposed and developed in this paper. Compared with the preoptimized trade network, the proposed model can effectively reduce the trade cost. By topological analysis of the trade network and its optimal configuration, we obtain that both the preoptimized and optimized crude oil trade networks follow power-law distribution. By using the minimum spanning tree, we find that the major crude oil net exporting countries have the most significant influence and are at the core in the optimized trade structure. This work focuses on the sustainable development of the global crude oil trade and provides a fresh perspective for the optimal crude oil trade system. Moreover, the methodology and model may be applied in the investigation of optimization for other energy system structures.

scholarly journals The influence of regional preferential trade agreements on international manufacturing trade in value-added: Based on the complex network method

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246250
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yue Pu ◽  
Shunli Li ◽  
Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Manufacturing Trade ◽  
Trade In Value Added

Based on a new trade accounting method—the trade in value-added accounting method—this paper constructs the international manufacturing trade in value-added networks and preferential trade agreement (PTA) networks and uses the complex network analysis method to explore the relations between PTA and international manufacturing trade in value-added from the perspective of the global value chain. The results are as follows: (1) Over the years, the international manufacturing trade in value-added networks and PTA networks has shown a significant clustering effect, and the size of networks has grown rapidly. (2) The TEX, DVA and FVA networks of the international manufacturing value added trade over the years can be divided into two societies in the Asia-Pacific region and the European region. This division just reflects the different modes of division of labor in the manufacturing value chain of the two major economic regions in the world. (3) QAP analysis shows that the influencing factors of the traditional gravity model can still explain the manufacturing trade network and its value-added trade network, while the influence of economic globalization, the enlargement of the EU and the internationalization strategy of enterprises, the PTA network and manufacturing value-added the relationship between trade networks changed from positive to negative in 2004.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Analysis of Networked and Spatial Characteristics of International Natural Resource Trades (2000–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7765
Author(s):  
Yujing Wang ◽  
Fu Ren ◽  
Ruoxin Zhu ◽  
Qingyun Du
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Node Importance

Natural resources, as the material basis of human life and production, play a crucial role in national economic and social development. It is essential to reveal the structural characteristics of global natural resource supply and demand, which has become one of the most critical factors affecting every country’s policy strategy and economic development. However, mining the characteristics of international natural resource trades is a huge challenge because of the availability and quality of trade data. In this study, the international natural resource trade system is modeled as networks based on the available bilateral trade data from 2000 to 2016. Complex network methods and spatial analysis are utilized to explore the networked and spatial characteristics of different international natural resource trade networks (INRTNs). First, we quantitatively present the overall evolution trend of INRTNs by calculating several indicators of network features at the macrolevel. Then, as the intermediate-level characteristics of INRTNs, the core–periphery structures are explored by applying hierarchical clustering and a visual matrix heatmap. Finally, at the microlevel, the imbalance in direction is detected through the combination of node importance in a complex network with bivariate choropleth maps of spatial analysis. The empirical evidence from INRTNs of different product types in this paper will help governments and business administrations to perceive the complex natural resource trade environment, which can instruct policymakers to formulate effective import–export policies and ensure national resource security and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Pulled towards the Border: Creating a Disability Identity at the Interstices of Society

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jori De Coster
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Body ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Disability Identity ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Crossing Point

<p>Borderlands produce flows of people and commodities, but as 'in-between' places they also produce social and cultural hybrids and transformations. Within these cross-border economies, transformations take place on both material and conceptual levels. Thus, the body involved in trade networks in the borderland is subject to different socio-economic and corporeal transformations. As a borderland, Beach Ngobila, the official border crossing point at Kinshasa facing Brazzaville, creates a lot of economic opportunities for the Congolese population. It is a means of cushioning the present political and especially socio-economic situation in D.R. Congo that causes hardship, especially for people with disabilities who belong to the lower end of society. However, Beach Ngobila creates a specific situation: those most marginalized by society are advantaged and successful at the borderland through border trade activities. As a result their participation at the border zone questions the notion of "disability" in modern Congolese society.</p><p>Key words: borderlands, border trade, disability, power, identity</p>

Borderlands and border narratives: a longitudinal study of challenges and opportunities for local traders shaped by the Sino-Vietnamese border

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Turner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Border Narratives ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn this article I examine the relevance of utilizing a ‘Zomia-like’ approach to interpreting upland livelihoods in the China–Vietnam borderlands, rather than the more commonly employed nation-state lens. I explore the challenges and opportunities presented by the international borderline between the provinces of Yúnnán, southwest China, and Lào Cai, northern Vietnam, for local populations, namely ethnic minorities Kinh (lowland Vietnamese) and Han Chinese. Investigating the creation and solidification of this borderline and border space, I undertake a historical and contemporary analysis of cross-border trade networks. This focuses on two time periods in which global–local linkages have been especially important in directly shaping border negotiations: the French colonial period and the contemporary economic reform era. Present-day border narratives collected in both countries during ethnographic fieldwork with local traders managing important highland commodities shed light on the means by which the borderline and borderland spaces are continuing to shape both prospects and constraints.

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