scholarly journals Assessment of Non-Conventional Irrigation Water in Greenhouse Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Mansour Hamed Al-Haddabi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Akram ◽  
Muhammad Azam Khan ◽  
Aitazaz A. Farooque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

Climate change, urbanization and subsequent environmental changes are depleting freshwater resources around the globe. The reuse of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater is an alternative approach to freshwater that can be used for irrigation purposes. However, these wastewaters may contain hazardous and toxic elements, such as heavy metals that are hazardous for human health and the environment. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the concentration of macro, micro and heavy metals in cucumber irrigated with different resources (tap water, greywater, dairy water and wastewater). The results showed that the use of different irrigation resources has increased the level of macro (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)), microelements (zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn)), and heavy metals (copper (Cu), barium (Ba), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)) in cucumber leaves and fruits. However, their levels were in the range that is safe for human health and the environment was as recommended by FAO maximum values of trace elements (Zn, 2.0; Fe 1.0; Mn, 0.2; Cu, 0.2; Pb, 5.0, and Cd, 0.01 mgL−1). Based on observations, it was also revealed that among different irrigation resources, the use of dairy water in cucumber improved its agronomic attributes and maximum plant yield (1191.02 g), while the different irrigation resources showed a non-significant impact on fruit diameter. However, total soluble solid contents (TSS) were more significant in cucumber fruits treated with wastewater (2.26 °brix) followed by dairy water (2.06 °brix), while the least TSS contents (1.57 °brix) were observed in cucumber plants treated with tap water. The significance of non-conventional irrigation water use in agriculture, particularly greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production, is discussed.

Zero-wastewater capacitive deionization: selective removal of heavy metal ions in tap water assisted by phosphate ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3225-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingkang Huang ◽  
Xiaoru Guo ◽  
Qianqian Dong ◽  
Lianjun Liu ◽  
Rebecca Tallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Novel Concept

Removing trace toxic heavy metals such as Pb2+ completely from drinking water while retaining beneficial ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ is important for protecting human health. A novel concept of zero-wastewater CDI is demonstrated to selectively remove lead ions against Ca2+ and Mg2+.

scholarly journals 492 Health Aspect of Using Recycled Treated Wastewater in Crop Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 479B-479
Author(s):  
S. Al-Ghawas ◽  
K. Al-Mazeedi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Treated Effluent

Treated wastewater will play important role in the implementation of Kuwait National Agriculture Development Plan. As a substitute for brackish or fresh water in irrigation, treated municipal wastewater can be a practical solution. Nevertheless, special health and environmental considerations should be carefully assessed when using this water source. These considerations include potential infection with human pathogens, effects of heavy metals on the public health, and the ecological consequence on soil and water resources at large. These topics were investigated under controlled environment using a range of crops and two types of irrigation water: a tertiary treated wastewater source and fresh tap water as a control. Soil, water, and plant samples were collected at fixed intervals and were analyzed for total viable count; total Coliforms; faecal Coliforms; and faecal Streptococc, Salmonellae, Shigella, Ascaris imbricoides and pathogenic viruses. In addition, we measured for nine heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pb). Soil salinity and build-up of sodicity in soil and ground water sources also were investigated for any changes that could indicate a potential long-term degradation effect. The results after 3 years of study indicate that the generated tertiary treated wastewater is of high quality. Its potential pathogenic content is below the guidelines recommended by WHO for using wastewater in mixed agriculture, and therefore, it had no accumulative effect on the irrigated soil or the different parts of plant tissues that were analyzed. However, treated effluent have occasionally exhibited pathogenic index higher than permitted levels reflecting the fluctuating nature of wastewater treatment. Heavy metals content of irrigation water and from the irrigated soils were negligible, and the plant tissues that were analyzed contained metallic contents below the established range in IPE. The treated water had low TDS but high sodium content with 25–35 SAR values; however, the effect on the irrigated soil was insignificant due to the calcareous nature of the soil used. This study used drip irrigation system and under similar conditions no health problems will be expected when using tertiary treated wastewater for irrigation. To minimize potential risk to the consumers, specific guidelines are recommended on the type of crops to grow and the horticulture practices to be used.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
H.A. Abdel Rahman ◽  
H.S. Al-Wahaibi
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber ◽  
Use Efficiency

The combination of aridity, extensive urbanization and expansion of irrigated fanning have brought about substantial wale demand increase and intensified the gap between rising water demands and limited existing water supply in the Sultanate of Oman. Creenhouse farming has hem adopted as pan of the government effects to conserve and augment water supplies. Greenhouse cropping in Oman is mostly practiced at times, when crops could tolerate outside conditions. Experiments were conducted for two seasons to determine the effect of four irrigation rates. (I, 2, 3 and 4 mm/day in greenhouse and 3, 4, 6 and 8 mm/day in field) and evaporative cooling on yields of cucumbers, total water we efficiency and cost. Results showed an asymptotic increase of greenhouse cucumber yield with increase in water applications from 1 to 4 mm/day. The 2mm/day applications optimized yields (kg/m3), whereas 3mm/day application maximized yields, with no significant difference from the 2mm/day applications being observed. Yields wee increased by 135% from 27 to 63 t/ha when irrigation was increased from lmm/day to 3 mm/day respectively, and declined thereafter. Field cucumber yields increased linearly as the irrigation water was increased from 3 mm/day to 8 mm/day. Yields were optimized at 6 mm/day applications (35 t/ha). The 8 mm/day maximized yields (40 t/ha) but fell short of the optimum 2mm/day yields (53 t/ha) obtained in the greenhouse. Optimum yields, were obtained at an average mop factor (Kc) of 0.58 ETo and 1.55 ETo in the greenhouse and the field respectively, indicating that water requirements for the greenhouse cucumber is about one third of that in the open field. The irrigation water use efficiency was higher in the greenhouse than that of the open field because of the Iowa water requirement and higher yields of cucumbers. But the total water use efficiency approached that of the field as the rats wee maximized, bemuse of the high quantity of water used in evaporative cooling The average cooling pad water use was found to be 79.11m-2 day-1 of pad area. ln the greenhouse, irrigation water use efficiency was highest with 2 mm/day applications (31.3 kg/m3), whereas in the open field the highest irrigation water use efficiency obtained was only 7.6 kg/m-3 for the 6 mm/day applications. Treatments close to the cooling pads of the greenhouse wee more moist than the amount of water applied would have indicated, but supposed yields obtained were attributed to the high soil salinity levels washed from the pads and possibly due to the chilling temperature incurred at night. 

scholarly journals Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Growth, Yield and Quality of Banana (Musa spp.) Cv. Grand Naine

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Prakash ◽  
Radhey Shyam ◽  
Janardan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

A field experiment was carried out during 2017-2019 in the Seemanchal area  of Bihar, India to study the effect of conventional  irrigation and conservation  on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency of banana. The treatments consisted of two levels of irrigation (recommended irrigation and 75% of recommended irrigation) and three levels of fertilizer (50, 75 and 100% of recommended NPK fertilizers) including surface irrigation and conventional soil fertilization was laid out in a Split Plot Block Design. The results showed that improved growth, yield, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained under conservation compared to surface or conventional irrigation. The increasing levels of conservation practices consistently and significantly increased all these characteristics. However, conventional irrigation at 75% of recommended irrigation at 75% RDF produced maximum growth, yield and fruit quality attributes and higher irrigation water use efficiency.

Summary of reported agriculture and irrigation water use in Pulaski County, Arkansas, 1991

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Holland ◽  
C.A. Manning ◽  
K.L. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

Summary of reported agriculture and irrigation water use in Miller County, Arkansas, 1991

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Holland ◽  
C.A. Manning ◽  
K.L. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Use
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