scholarly journals Exploring QED Effects to Diphoton Production at Hadron Colliders

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Leandro Cieri ◽  
German Sborlini
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Mass Distribution ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Hadron Colliders ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Event Reconstruction ◽  
Phenomenological Studies ◽  
Qed Effects ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we report phenomenological studies about the impact of O(α) corrections to diphoton production at hadron colliders. We explore the application of the Abelianized version of the qT-subtraction method to efficiently compute NLO QED contributions, taking advantage of the symmetries relating QCD and QED corrections. We analyze the experimental consequences due to the selection criteria and we find percent-level deviations for Mγγ>1TeV. An accurate description of the tail of the invariant mass distribution is very important for new physics searches which have the diphoton process as one of their main backgrounds. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of properly dealing with the observable photons by reproducing the experimental conditions applied to the event reconstruction.

scholarly journals VBS W±W±H production at the HL-LHC and a 100 TeV pp-collider

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 1750106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Englert ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Michael Spannowsky ◽  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Vector Boson ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Hadron Colliders ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Truncation Scheme ◽  
Charged Leptons ◽  
Vector Boson Scattering ◽  
The Impact

[Formula: see text] production at hadron colliders through vector boson scattering is a so far unconsidered process, which leads to a clean signature of two same-sign charged leptons and two widely separated jets. This process is sensitive to the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] couplings and any deviation of these couplings from their SM predictions serves as direct evidence of new physics beyond the SM. In this paper, we perform a Monte Carlo study of this process for the [Formula: see text] LHC and a 100 TeV [Formula: see text]-collider, and provide projections of the constraints on the triple-Higgs and [Formula: see text] quartic couplings for these environments. In particular, we consider the impact of pileup on the expected sensitivity in this channel. Our analysis demonstrates that although the sensitivity to the [Formula: see text] coupling is rather low, the [Formula: see text] coupling can be constrained in this channel within [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]100% and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]20% at 95% confidence level around the SM prediction at the HL-LHC and a 100 TeV [Formula: see text]-collider, respectively. We have also provided results with simple truncation scheme, in consideration of unitarity safety.

scholarly journals Glucuronides Hydrolysis by Intestinal Microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) Is Affected by Sampling, Enzyme Preparation, Buffer pH, and Species

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Christabel Ebuzoeme ◽  
Imoh Etim ◽  
Autumn Ikimi ◽  
Jamie Song ◽  
Ting Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
Time Buffer ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Activity Loss ◽  
The Impact

Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) is an important procedure for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of experimental conditions on glucuronide hydrolysis by intestinal microbial GUS. Standard probe 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and a natural glucuronide wogonoside were used as the model compounds. Feces collection time, buffer conditions, interindividual, and species variations were evaluated by incubating the substrates with enzymes. The relative reaction activity of pNPG, reaction rates, and reaction kinetics for wogonoside were calculated. Fresh feces showed the highest hydrolysis activities. Sonication increased total protein yield during enzyme preparation. The pH of the reaction system increased the activity in 0.69–1.32-fold, 2.9–12.9-fold, and 0.28–1.56-fold for mouse, rat, and human at three different concentrations of wogonoside, respectively. The Vmax for wogonoside hydrolysis was 2.37 ± 0.06, 4.48 ± 0.11, and 5.17 ± 0.16 μmol/min/mg and Km was 6.51 ± 0.71, 3.04 ± 0.34, and 0.34 ± 0.047 μM for mouse, rat, and human, respectively. The inter-individual difference was significant (4–6-fold) using inbred rats as the model animal. Fresh feces should be used to avoid activity loss and sonication should be utilized in enzyme preparation to increase hydrolysis activity. The buffer pH should be appropriate according to the species. Inter-individual and species variations were significant.

scholarly journals Top-induced contributions to H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ and H → $$ c\overline{c} $$ at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3\right) $$

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Mondini ◽  
Ulrich Schubert ◽  
Ciaran Williams
Keyword(s):  
Top Quark ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Total Width ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Final State ◽  
Fully Differential ◽  
State Selection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this paper we present a fully-differential calculation for the contributions to the partial widths H →$$ b\overline{b} $$ b b ¯ and H →$$ c\overline{c} $$ c c ¯ that are sensitive to the top quark Yukawa coupling yt to order $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$ α s 3 . These contributions first enter at order $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$ α s 2 through terms proportional to ytyq (q = b, c). At order $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$ α s 3 corrections to the mixed terms are present as well as a new contribution proportional to $$ {y}_t^2 $$ y t 2 . Our results retain the mass of the final-state quarks throughout, while the top quark is integrated out resulting in an effective field theory (EFT). Our results are implemented into a Monte Carlo code allowing for the application of arbitrary final-state selection cuts. As an example we present differential distributions for observables in the Higgs boson rest frame using the Durham jet clustering algorithm. We find that the total impact of the top-induced (i.e. EFT) pieces is sensitive to the nature of the final-state cuts, particularly b-tagging and c-tagging requirements. For bottom quarks, the EFT pieces contribute to the total width (and differential distributions) at around the percent level. The impact is much bigger for the H →$$ c\overline{c} $$ c c ¯ channel, with effects as large as 15%. We show however that their impact can be significantly reduced by the application of jet-tagging selection cuts.

scholarly journals A flexible ChIP-sequencing simulation toolkit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Zheng ◽  
Michael Lamkin ◽  
Yutong Qiu ◽  
Kevin Ren ◽  
Alon Goren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Peak Calling ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Chip Sequencing ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Differential Binding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A major challenge in evaluating quantitative ChIP-seq analyses, such as peak calling and differential binding, is a lack of reliable ground truth data. Accurate simulation of ChIP-seq data can mitigate this challenge, but existing frameworks are either too cumbersome to apply genome-wide or unable to model a number of important experimental conditions in ChIP-seq. Results We present ChIPs, a toolkit for rapidly simulating ChIP-seq data using statistical models of key experimental steps. We demonstrate how ChIPs can be used for a range of applications, including benchmarking analysis tools and evaluating the impact of various experimental parameters. ChIPs is implemented as a standalone command-line program written in C++ and is available from https://github.com/gymreklab/chips. Conclusions ChIPs is an efficient ChIP-seq simulation framework that generates realistic datasets over a flexible range of experimental conditions. It can serve as an important component in various ChIP-seq analyses where ground truth data are needed.

scholarly journals Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarker Masud Parvez ◽  
Musarrat Jabeen Rahman ◽  
Rashidul Azad ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Leanne Unicomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Change Promotion ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Supply driven programs that are not closely connected to community demand and demand-driven programs that fail to ensure supply both risk worsening inequity. Understanding patterns of uptake of behaviors among the poorest under ideal experimental conditions, such as those of an efficacy trial, can help identify strategies that could be strengthened in routine programmatic conditions for more equitable uptake. WASH Benefits Bangladesh was a randomized controlled efficacy trial that provided free-of cost WASH hardware along with behavior change promotion. The current paper aimed to determine the impact of the removal of supply and demand constraints on the uptake of handwashing and sanitation behaviors across wealth and education levels. Methods The current analysis selected 4 indicators from the WASH Benefits trial— presence of water and soap in household handwashing stations, observed mother’s hand cleanliness, observed visible feces on latrine slab or floor and reported last child defecation in potty or toilet. A baseline assessment was conducted immediately after enrolment and endline assessment was conducted approximately 2 years later. We compared change in uptake of these indicators including wealth quintiles (Q) between intervention and control groups from baseline to endline. Results For hand cleanliness, the poorest mothers improved more [Q1 difference in difference, DID: 16% (7, 25%)] than the wealthiest mothers [Q5 DID: 7% (− 4, 17%)]. The poorest households had largest improvements for observed presence of water and soap in handwashing station [Q1 DID: 82% (75, 90%)] compared to the wealthiest households [Q5 DID: 39% (30, 50%)]. Similarly, poorer household demonstrated greater reductions in visible feces on latrine slab or floor [Q1DID, − 25% (− 35, − 15) Q2: − 34% (− 44, − 23%)] than the wealthiest household [Q5 DID: − 1% (− 11, 8%). For reported last child defecation in potty or toilet, the poorest mothers showed greater improvement [Q1–4 DID: 50–54% (44, 60%)] than the wealthier mothers [Q5 DID: 39% (31, 46%). Conclusion By simultaneously addressing supply and demand-constraints among the poorest, we observed substantial overall improvements in equity. Within scaled-up programs, a separate targeted strategy that relaxes constraints for the poorest can improve the equity of a program. Trial registration WASH Benefits Bangladesh: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01590095. Date of registration: April 30, 2012 ‘Retrospectively registered’.

scholarly journals Characterizing new physics with polarized beams at high-energy hadron colliders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fuks ◽  
Josselin Proudom ◽  
Juan Rojo ◽  
Ingo Schienbein
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Hadron Colliders ◽  
Polarized Beams ◽  
Energy Hadron

scholarly journals Optimization of proppant parameters for CBM extraction using hydrofracturing by orthogonal experimental process

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoze Li ◽  
Bingxiang Huang ◽  
Qingying Cheng ◽  
Xinglong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Coal Mass ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Embedded Value ◽  
Fracture Area ◽  
Creep Time ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Proppant placement concentration, particle size and creep time are important factors that affect the embedment of proppant into coal. Based on multistage creep, an orthogonal test is conducted, and an optimal proppant scheme for different closure stresses obtained. The results show that with increased proppant placement concentration, the number of coal fractures increases and the elastic modulus of the fracture area decreases. As the proppant particle size decreases, the plasticity of fracture-proppant assemblies increases gradually. The yield limit is highest when the particle size is 20/40 mesh. During the proppant embedding process, localization or uneven distribution of proppant results in tensile stress parallel to the fracture surface, which induces tensile fracture in the coal. In the fracture-proppant assembly areas, proppant fractures are severe and yield lines appear. As proppant concentration increases, more energy is accumulated during the proppant compaction stage, resulting in energy release producing craters and crevasses. The energy released also causes increased stress in the proppant-coal contact area and fracturing to the coal mass. The longer the creep time, the weaker the impact and the smaller is fluctuation. Moreover, we find that the orthogonal test can effectively analyze the importance of each parameter. Proppant placement concentration was found to have the highest influence on the process of proppant embedding into coal, followed by particle size and then time. Under experimental conditions, the lowest proppant-embedded value in coal samples was observed with proppant placement concentration of 2 kg m−2 and particle size of 20/40 mesh.

scholarly journals Effects of Musically-Induced Emotions on Choice Reaction Time Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Bishop ◽  
Costas I. Karageorghis ◽  
Noel P. Kinrade
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Performance ◽  
Subsequent Choice ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of the current study was to examine the impact of musically induced emotions on athletes’ subsequent choice reaction time (CRT) performance. A random sample of 54 tennis players listened to researcher-selected music whose tempo and intensity were modified to yield six different music excerpts (three tempi × two intensities) before completing a CRT task. Affective responses, heart rate (HR), and RTs for each condition were contrasted with white noise and silence conditions. As predicted, faster music tempi elicited more pleasant and aroused emotional states; and higher music intensity yielded both higher arousal (p < .001) and faster subsequent CRT performance (p < .001). White noise was judged significantly less pleasant than all experimental conditions (p < .001); and silence was significantly less arousing than all but one experimental condition (p < .001). The implications for athletes’ use of music as part of a preevent routine when preparing for reactive tasks are discussed.

scholarly journals Estimating post-release mortality of European sea bass based on experimental angling

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1483-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf-Christian Lewin ◽  
Harry Vincent Strehlow ◽  
Keno Ferter ◽  
Kieran Hyder ◽  
Jan Niemax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Estimates ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is an important target species for recreational and commercial fisheries. In recent years, the spawning stock biomass has declined markedly in some areas, and strict management measures have been introduced. However, the development of appropriate stock assessment and fisheries management has been hampered by a lack of information on post-release mortality. This study investigated post-release mortality of sea bass captured with common recreational fishing gear under experimental conditions in an aquaculture facility over 10 d. Three experiments investigated: (i) the effects of different bait types; (ii) the impact of prolonged air exposure; and (iii) the impact of deep hooking on post-release mortality. By combining the experimental results with country-specific information on sea bass angling practices, estimates of post-release mortality are provided for the northern sea bass stock. No mortality was observed for sea bass captured on artificial baits. The use of natural baits resulted in a mortality of 13.9% (95% CI = 4.7–29.5%), which was associated with deep hooking, hooking injuries, and prolonged air exposure. The use of artificial baits and short air exposure (≤30 s) increased survival probability, whereas deep hooking resulted in 76.5% (95% CI = 50.0–93.2%) mortality. Depending on country-specific angling practices, post-release mortality estimates ranged from 2.8% to 9.1% (mean = 5.0%, 95% CI = 1.7–14.4%) for northern sea bass. Despite these relatively low mortality estimates, post-release mortality should be considered in stock assessments as its cumulative impact may be high. Moreover, post-release mortality can be reduced by implementing species-specific best practice guidelines.

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