scholarly journals Local Toxicity of Biocides after Direct and Aerosol Exposure on the Human Skin Epidermis and Airway Tissue Models

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nahyun Lee ◽  
Dae Yong Jang ◽  
Do Hyeon Lee ◽  
Haengdueng Jeong ◽  
Ki Taek Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Local Toxicity ◽  
Aerosol Particle Size ◽  
Tissue Damages ◽  
Tissue Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reconstructed Human Skin ◽  
Skin Epidermis

Biocides are commonly used as spray- or trigger-type formulations, thus dermal and respiratory exposure to biocide aerosol is unavoidable. However, little is known about the impact of aerosolization on the local toxicity of biocides on the skin or the airway. We compared the local toxicity of biocides after direct or aerosol exposure on reconstructed human skin epidermis and upper airway models. Three biocides, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT), 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), and 2-phenylphenol (OPP), most widely used in the market were selected. When the biocide was treated in aerosols, toxicity to the skin epidermis and upper airway tissue became significantly attenuated compared with the direct application as determined by the higher tissue viabilities. This was further confirmed in histological examination, wherein the tissue damages were less pronounced. LC-MS/MS and GC/MS analysis revealed that concentrations of biocides decreased during aerosolization. Importantly, the toxicity of biocides treated in 3 μm (median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)) aerosols was stronger than that of 5 μm aerosol, suggesting that the aerosol particle size may affect biocide toxicity. Collectively, we demonstrated that aerosolization could affect the local toxicity of biocides on the skin epidermis and the upper airway.

scholarly journals Assessment of cytotoxicity and sensitization potential of intradermally injected tattoo inks in reconstructed human skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joey J.J.P. Karregat ◽  
Thomas Rustemeyer ◽  
Sebastiaan A.S. Bent ◽  
Sander W. Spiekstra ◽  
Maria Thon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Tattoo Inks ◽  
Reconstructed Human Skin

Aerodynamics Analysis of the Impact of Nasal Surgery on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Nasal Obstruction

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lifeng Li ◽  
Demin Han ◽  
Hongrui Zang ◽  
Nyall R. London
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nasal surgery on airflow characteristics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by comparing the alterations of airflow characteristics within the nasal and palatopharyngeal cavities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty patients with OSA and nasal obstruction who underwent nasal surgery were enrolled. A pre- and postoperative 3-dimensional model was constructed, and alterations of airflow characteristics were assessed using the method of computational fluid dynamics. The other subjective and objective clinical indices were also assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> By comparison with the preoperative value, all postoperative subjective symptoms statistically improved (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), while the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) changed little (<i>p</i> = 0.492); the postoperative airflow velocity and pressure in both nasal and palatopharyngeal cavities, nasal and palatopharyngeal pressure differences, and total upper airway resistance statistically decreased (all <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). A significant difference was derived for correlation between the alteration of simulation metrics with subjective improvements (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), except with the AHI (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nasal surgery can decrease the total resistance of the upper airway and increase the nasal airflow volume and subjective sleep quality in patients with OSA and nasal obstruction. The altered airflow characteristics might contribute to the postoperative reduction of pharyngeal collapse in a subset of OSA patients.

scholarly journals Flexible Potentiometric Sensor System for Non-Invasive Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Human Skin: Application for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Phytocosmetic Products

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Tarasov ◽  
Ekaterina I. Khamzina ◽  
Maria A. Bukharinova ◽  
Natalia Yu. Stozhko
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Potentiometric Sensor ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pet Film ◽  
The Impact

In contemporary bioanalysis, monitoring the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the human skin is used to assess stresses, nutrition, cosmetics, and certain skin diseases. Non-invasive methods for skin AOA monitoring have certain advantages over invasive methods, namely cost-effectiveness, lower labor intensity, reduced risk of infection, and obtaining results in the real-time mode. This study presents a new flexible potentiometric sensor system (FPSS) for non-invasive determination of the human skin AOA, which is based on flexible film electrodes (FFEs) and membrane containing a mediator ([Fe(CN)6]3–/4–). Low-cost available materials and scalable technologies were used for FFEs manufacturing. The indicator FFE was fabricated based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and carbon veil (CV) by single-sided hot lamination. The reference FFE was fabricated based on PET film and silver paint by using screen printing, which was followed by the electrodeposition of precipitate containing a mixture of silver chloride and silver ferricyanide (SCSF). The three-electrode configuration of the FPSS, including two indicator FFEs (CV/PET) and one reference FFE (SCSF/Ag/PET), has been successfully used for measuring the skin AOA and evaluating the impact of phytocosmetic products. FPSS provides reproducible (RSD ≤ 7%) and accurate (recovery of antioxidants is almost 100%) results, which allows forecasting its broad applicability in human skin AOA monitoring as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of topically and orally applied antioxidants.

UVA radiations induce ECM assembly modifications and epidermal senescence in reconstructed human skin

2017 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. S87
Author(s):  
Costantino Casale ◽  
Giorgia Imparato ◽  
Francesco Urciuolo ◽  
Paolo Netti
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Reconstructed Human Skin

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental and Endogenous Damage on Somatic Mutation Load in Human Skin Fibroblasts

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e1006385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Saini ◽  
Steven A. Roberts ◽  
Leszek J. Klimczak ◽  
Kin Chan ◽  
Sara A. Grimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Somatic Mutation ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Mutation Load ◽  
The Impact

Development of a reconstructed human skin model for angiogenesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parbinder S. Sahota ◽  
J. Lance Burn ◽  
Martin Heaton ◽  
Eric Freedlander ◽  
Simon K. Suvarna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Reconstructed Human Skin
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document