scholarly journals An Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomics and Proteomics Reveals Novel Insights into the Response in the Midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae to Vip3Aa

Toxins ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Minghui Jin ◽  
Yinxue Shan ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Upregulated Genes

The insecticidal Vip3 proteins, secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) during its vegetative growth phase, are currently used in Bt crops to control insect pests, and are genetically distinct from known insecticidal Cry proteins. Compared with Cry toxins, the mechanisms of Vip3 toxins are still poorly understood. Here, the responses of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae after Vip3Aa challenge are characterized. Using an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics, we found that Vip3Aa has enormous implications for various pathways. The downregulated genes and proteins were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, including the insect hormone synthesis pathway, whereas the upregulated genes and proteins were mainly involved in the caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway, along with the MAPK signaling and endocytosis pathways. Moreover, we also identified some important candidate genes involved in apoptosis and MAPKs. The present study shows that exposure of S. frugiperda larvae to Vip3Aa activates apoptosis pathways, leading to cell death. The results will promote our understanding of the host response process to the Vip3Aa, and help us to better understand the mode of action of Vip3A toxins.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Bt biopesticides and adjuvants for Spodoptera frugiperda control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cicero Antônio Mariano dos Santos ◽  
Joacir do Nascimento ◽  
Kelly Cristina Gonçalves ◽  
Giovani Smaniotto ◽  
Leonardo de Freitas Zechin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bt Crops

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda is a pest of economic importance for several crops with resistance reports to Bt crops and pesticides. Eco-friendly Bt biopesticides may be an alternative to chemical insecticides due to their selectivity and specificity. However, the efficacy of Bt biopesticides may be influenced by the association with other chemicals, such as adjuvants. This study evaluated the compatibility and toxicity of Bt biopesticides mixed with adjuvants for the control of S. frugiperda. The treatments included the association of Dipel SC and Dipel PM with adjuvants. Compatibility tests were used to evaluate the Bt mixture. Bt suspensions obtained from mixtures of Bt and adjuvants at 106 and 3 × 108 spores/mL−1 were used to evaluate S. frugiperda mortality and distilled water was used as the control. The addition of the adjuvant LI increased growth and sporulation, indicating compatibility with Bt biopesticides. The other adjuvants were toxic to reducing Bt growth and sporulation. Only the mixture of Bt with LI and Bt alone was effective to S. frugiperda. The addition of adjuvants to Bt biopesticide affect the Bt sporulation, growth and mortality.

scholarly journals Bt crops and insect pests

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Gassmann ◽  
William D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Bt Crops

scholarly journals Biomarkers, Master Regulators and Genomic Fabric Remodeling in a Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru A Iacobas
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Mathematical Object ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines

Publically available (own) transcriptomic data were re-analyzed to quantify the alteration of functional pathways in the thyroid cancer, establish the gene hierarchy, identify potential gene targets and predict the effects of their manipulation. The expression data were generated from one case of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and from genetically manipulated BCPAP (papillary) and 8505C (anaplastic) human thyroid cancer cell lines. The study used the genomic fabric perspective that considers the transcriptome as a multi-dimensional mathematical object based on the three independent characteristics that can be derived for each gene from the expression data. We found remarkable remodeling of the thyroid hormone synthesis, cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis pathways. Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2 (SPINT2) was identified as the Gene Master Regulator of the investigated PTC. The substantial increase of the expression synergism of SPINT2 with apoptosis genes in the cancer nodule with respect to the surrounding normal tissue (NOR) suggests that its experimental overexpression may force the PTC cells into apoptosis with negligible effect on the NOR cells. The predictive value of the expression coordination for the expression regulation was validated with data from 8505C and BCPAP cells before and after lentiviral transfection with DDX19B.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oils of Piper septuplinervium and P. subtomentosum (Piperaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901
Author(s):  
Mónica Constanza Ávila Murillo ◽  
Luis Enrique Cuca Suarez ◽  
Jairo Alonso Cerón Salamanca
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Main Component

Essential oils of Piper subtomentosum (leaves and inflorescences) and Piper septuplinervium (aerial parts) were analyzed by GC-MS; sixty-three compounds were determined, representing 92.0%, 86.9 %, and 91.8 % of the total relative oil composition of the leaves, inflorescences, and aerial parts, respectively. The most abundant component in the aerial parts and inflorescence oils was α-pinene (27.3%, 21.0%, respectively), and δ-cadinene was the main component of the leaf oil. Insecticidal activity of the essential oils were determined on the Spodoptera frugiperda second instar larvae; the essential oil from the aerial parts of P. septuplinervium was the most active against insect pests (LC50= 9.4 μL/L of air). Statistical analysis by direct Pearson correlation showed that the insecticidal activity of the essential oils was primarily due to camphene and α- and β-pinene. The effect of the oils on the insect life cycle was also evaluated, and in some cases, a delay in growth and inhibition of the oviposition in the females were observed.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Network Analysis Identifies Shared and Unique Pathways across Dementia Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Santiago ◽  
Virginie Bottero ◽  
Judith A. Potashkin
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Background: Dementia is a growing public health concern with an estimated prevalence of 50 million people worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular and frontotemporal dementias (VaD, FTD), share many clinical, genetical, and pathological features making the diagnosis difficult. Methods: In this study, we compared the transcriptome from the frontal cortex of patients with AD, VaD, and FTD to identify dysregulated pathways. Results: Upregulated genes in AD were enriched in adherens and tight junctions, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B/Akt signaling pathways, whereas downregulated genes associated with calcium signaling. Upregulated genes in VaD were centered on infectious diseases and nuclear factor kappa beta signaling, whereas downregulated genes are involved in biosynthesis of amino acids and the pentose phosphate pathway. Upregulated genes in FTD were associated with ECM receptor interactions and the lysosome, whereas downregulated genes were involved in glutamatergic synapse and MAPK signaling. The transcription factor KFL4 was shared among the 3 types of dementia. Conclusions: Collectively, we identified similarities and differences in dysregulated pathways and transcription factors among the dementias. The shared pathways and transcription factors may indicate a potential common etiology, whereas the differences may be useful for distinguishing dementias.

scholarly journals Identification of hub genes associated with RNAi-induced silencing of XIAP through targeted proteomics approach in MCF7 cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Agha Gholizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh T. Shamsabadi ◽  
Ahad Yamchi ◽  
Masoud Golalipour ◽  
Gagan Deep Jhingan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
2D Electrophoresis ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract Background The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is the most potent caspase inhibitor of the IAP family in apoptosis pathway. This study aims to identify the molecular targets of XIAP in human breast cancer cells exposed to XIAP siRNA by proteomics screening. The expression of XIAP was reduced in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by siRNA. Cell viability and the mRNA expression level of this gene were evaluated by MTS and quantitative real-time PCR procedures, respectively. Subsequently, the XIAP protein level was visualized by Western blotting and analyzed by two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis and LC–ESI–MS/MS. Results Following XIAP silencing, cell proliferation was reduced in XIAP siRNA transfected cells. The mRNA transcription and protein expression of XIAP were decreased in cells exposed to XIAP siRNA than si-NEG. We identified 30 proteins that were regulated by XIAP, of which 27 down-regulated and 3 up-regulated. The most down-regulated proteins belonged to the Heat Shock Proteins family. They participate in cancer related processes including apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathway. Reduced expression of HSP90B1 was associated with apoptosis induction by androgen receptor and prostate specific antigen. Suppression of XIAP resulted in the enhancement of GDIB, ENO1, and CH60 proteins expression. The network analysis of XIAP-regulated proteins identified HSPA8, HSP90AA1, ENO1, and HSPA9 as key nodes in terms of degree and betweenness centrality methods. Conclusions These results suggested that XIAP may have a number of biological functions in a diverse set of non-apoptotic signaling pathways and may provide an insight into the biomedical significance of XIAP over-expression in MCF-7 cells.

scholarly journals High expression of anti-apoptotic genes in grade I and II meningiomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli ◽  
Sarah Bomfim Menezes ◽  
Indira Maynart Franco ◽  
Isis Lacrose Lustosa ◽  
Andressa Romualdo Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptosis ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Apoptotic Genes ◽  
Low Expression

ABSTRACT One of the different genetic mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis of meningiomas is influenced by interactions between proteins that induce and inhibit apoptosis. Objective To evaluate the expression of c-FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-2, caspase 3, 8 and 9, cytochrome c, APAF 1 and Smac/DIABLO genes related to apoptosis pathways. Methods The gene expression was evaluated in 30 meningiomas (WHO grades I and II) and in 10 normal samples (from arachnoid tissue) through PCR-RT. Results The results showed higher expression of anti-apoptotic genes in meningiomas when compared to the control group, which had a low expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Conclusion There is a possible block in the activation of caspases through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in meningiomas. c-FLIP modulates caspase 8 and, by inhibiting its activation due to the lack of connection with the receiver, there is a block to the FAS activation of apoptosis by its extrinsic pathway.

Functional Enrichment Analysis by David in Transgenic MYCN Zebrafish Model

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 5114-5114
Author(s):  
Li-Jing Shen ◽  
Fang-Yuan Chen ◽  
Lan-Fang Cao ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway

Abstract Abstract 5114 Introduction The MYCN oncogene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/LZ) transcription factor that is frequently overexpressed in hematologic malignancies neoplasms (including acute leukemia, T-cell lymphoma, and so on). MYCN acts as a poor prognostic marker to promote an aggressive phenotype. However, the mechanisms of action and pathways affected by MYCN are still largely unclear. Methods We induced murine MYCN gene overexpression in embryonic zebrafish through heat-shock promoter and established stable germline Tg(MYCN:HSE:EGFP) zebrafish. RNA was extracted at 3 days post fertilization from wild type (WT) and transgenic zebrafish F1 generation (TG) embryo hematopoietic cells, collected by the flow cytometer, for microarray analysis. The samples were processed and subsequently analyzed in triplicate on Zebrafish Oligo Microarrays (Agilent Technologies), containing 43, 554 sets of probe, at the Advanced Throughput Inc. The microarrays were scanned in an Agilent DNA Microarray Scanner and the images were processed using Feature Extraction software. A False Discovery Rate≤0. 05 for overall interactions effect and P<0. 001 between comparisons were used to determine differentially expressed genes (DEG). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and DAVID performed the functional analysis of DEG. Results Microarray analysis revealed 626 (342 genes up-regulated and 284 genes down-regulated) DEG that showed >2-fold change in TG comparing with that of WT. Using functional enrichment analysis by DAVID, several signaling pathways were regulated in TG samples (Table 1). MAPK signaling pathway was high activated through FGF, PDGF, BDNF and CACN high expression, promoting up-regulated of Ras and MKP, enhancing phosphorylation and leading to increase of cells proliferation. TGFβ signaling was inhibited by up-regulation of IFN Ã and Smad 6/7, which negative control of TGFβR and Smad 2/3. Further, we found that MYCN enhances the expression of skp2, via decreased p21 and increased CDK2, promoting cell cycle progression (Fig. 1). In addition, overexpression of MYCN weakened the function of mismatch repair, base excision repair, while increased apoptosis pathway mediated by p53 (up-regulated Bid gene). Meanwhile, Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was significantly up-regulated in TG fish. Conclusions Overexpression of MYCN induced up-regulation of cell proliferation and Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway (as the Warburg effect in rapidly proliferating tumors), attenuation of repair function, all of which are phenomena associated with proliferation and malignancies transformation of blood cell feature. We found that MYCN down-regulates p27kip1, p57kip2 and p21cip1 through up-regulate Skp2, thus up-regulates CDK2, CycA, CycB, CycD and CycE. All above changes shortened the time taken to progress through the cell cycle. Increased MARK signaling and decreased TGFβ signaling pathways also contributed to promote cell cycle. (Red star marks the up-regulated genes). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin Resistance in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Pickett ◽  
Asim Gulzar ◽  
Juan Ferré ◽  
Denis J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Laboratory selection with Vip3Aa of a field-derived population of Heliothis virescens produced >2,040-fold resistance in 12 generations of selection. The Vip3Aa-selected (Vip-Sel)-resistant population showed little cross-resistance to Cry1Ab and no cross-resistance to Cry1Ac. Resistance was unstable after 15 generations without exposure to the toxin. F1 reciprocal crosses between Vip3Aa-unselected (Vip-Unsel) and Vip-Sel insects indicated a strong paternal influence on the inheritance of resistance. Resistance ranged from almost completely recessive (mean degree of dominance [h] = 0.04 if the resistant parent was female) to incompletely dominant (mean h = 0.53 if the resistant parent was male). Results from bioassays on the offspring from backcrosses of the F1 progeny with Vip-Sel insects indicated that resistance was due to more than one locus. The results described in this article provide useful information for the insecticide resistance management strategies designed to overcome the evolution of resistance to Vip3Aa in insect pests. IMPORTANCE Heliothis virescens is an important pest that has the ability to feed on many plant species. The extensive use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops or spray has already led to the evolution of insect resistance in the field for some species of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. The development of resistance in insect pests is the main threat to Bt crops. The effective resistance management strategies are very important to prolong the life of Bt plants. Lab selection is the key step to test the assumption and predictions of management strategies prior to field evaluation. Resistant insects offer useful information to determine the inheritance of resistance and the frequency of resistance alleles and to study the mechanism of resistance to insecticides.

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