scholarly journals Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Maria Zolfo ◽  
Wendemagegn Enbiale ◽  
Khine Wut Yee Kyaw ◽  
Meika Bhattachan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Health Organization

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, and Nepal is no exception. Countries are expected to report annually to the World Health Organization on their AMR surveillance progress through a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, in which Nepal enrolled in 2017. We assessed the quality of AMR surveillance data during 2019–2020 at nine surveillance sites in Province 3 of Nepal for completeness, consistency, and timeliness and examined barriers for non-reporting sites. Here, we present the results of this cross-sectional descriptive study of secondary AMR data from five reporting sites and barriers identified through a structured questionnaire completed by representatives at the five reporting and four non-reporting sites. Among the 1584 records from the reporting sites assessed for consistency and completeness, 77–92% were consistent and 88–100% were complete, with inter-site variation. Data from two sites were received by the 15th day of the following month, whereas receipt was delayed by a mean of 175 days at three other sites. All four non-reporting sites lacked dedicated data personnel, and two lacked computers. The AMR surveillance data collection process needs improvement in completeness, consistency, and timeliness. Non-reporting sites need support to meet the specific requirements for data compilation and sharing.

scholarly journals Establishment of the South Korean national antimicrobial resistance surveillance system, Kor-GLASS, in 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyukmin Lee ◽  
Eun-Jeong Yoon ◽  
Dokyun Kim ◽  
Seok Hoon Jeong ◽  
Jong Hee Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization

Surveillance plays a pivotal role in overcoming antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens, and a variety of surveillance systems have been set up and employed in many countries. In 2015, the World Health Organization launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) as a part of the global action plan to enhance national and global surveillance and research. The aims of GLASS are to foster development of national surveillance systems and to enable collection, analysis and sharing of standardised, comparable and validated data on AMR between different countries. The South Korean AMR surveillance system, Kor-GLASS, is compatible with the GLASS platform and was established in 2016 and based on the principles of representativeness, specialisation, harmonisation and localisation. In this report, we summarise principles and processes in order to share our experiences with other countries planning to establish a national AMR surveillance system. The pilot operation of Kor-GLASS allowed us to understand the national burden of specific infectious diseases and the status of bacterial AMR. Issues pertaining to high costs and labour-intensive operation were raised during the pilot, and improvements are being made.

scholarly journals Automating the Generation of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Reports: Proof-of-Concept Study Involving Seven Hospitals in Seven Countries

10.2196/19762 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e19762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherry Lim ◽  
Thyl Miliya ◽  
Vilada Chansamouth ◽  
Myint Thazin Aung ◽  
Abhilasha Karkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
User Input ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Health Organization

Background Reporting cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility testing data on a regular basis is crucial to inform antimicrobial resistance (AMR) action plans at local, national, and global levels. However, analyzing data and generating a report are time consuming and often require trained personnel. Objective This study aimed to develop and test an application that can support a local hospital to analyze routinely collected electronic data independently and generate AMR surveillance reports rapidly. Methods An offline application to generate standardized AMR surveillance reports from routinely available microbiology and hospital data files was written in the R programming language (R Project for Statistical Computing). The application can be run by double clicking on the application file without any further user input. The data analysis procedure and report content were developed based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (WHO GLASS). The application was tested on Microsoft Windows 10 and 7 using open access example data sets. We then independently tested the application in seven hospitals in Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. Results We developed the AutoMated tool for Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System (AMASS), which can support clinical microbiology laboratories to analyze their microbiology and hospital data files (in CSV or Excel format) onsite and promptly generate AMR surveillance reports (in PDF and CSV formats). The data files could be those exported from WHONET or other laboratory information systems. The automatically generated reports contain only summary data without patient identifiers. The AMASS application is downloadable from https://www.amass.website/. The participating hospitals tested the application and deposited their AMR surveillance reports in an open access data repository. Conclusions The AMASS is a useful tool to support the generation and sharing of AMR surveillance reports.

scholarly journals Automating the Generation of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Reports: Proof-of-Concept Study Involving Seven Hospitals in Seven Countries (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherry Lim ◽  
Thyl Miliya ◽  
Vilada Chansamouth ◽  
Myint Thazin Aung ◽  
Abhilasha Karkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
User Input ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND Reporting cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility testing data on a regular basis is crucial to inform antimicrobial resistance (AMR) action plans at local, national, and global levels. However, analyzing data and generating a report are time consuming and often require trained personnel. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and test an application that can support a local hospital to analyze routinely collected electronic data independently and generate AMR surveillance reports rapidly. METHODS An offline application to generate standardized AMR surveillance reports from routinely available microbiology and hospital data files was written in the R programming language (R Project for Statistical Computing). The application can be run by double clicking on the application file without any further user input. The data analysis procedure and report content were developed based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (WHO GLASS). The application was tested on Microsoft Windows 10 and 7 using open access example data sets. We then independently tested the application in seven hospitals in Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. RESULTS We developed the AutoMated tool for Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System (AMASS), which can support clinical microbiology laboratories to analyze their microbiology and hospital data files (in CSV or Excel format) onsite and promptly generate AMR surveillance reports (in PDF and CSV formats). The data files could be those exported from WHONET or other laboratory information systems. The automatically generated reports contain only summary data without patient identifiers. The AMASS application is downloadable from https://www.amass.website/. The participating hospitals tested the application and deposited their AMR surveillance reports in an open access data repository. CONCLUSIONS The AMASS is a useful tool to support the generation and sharing of AMR surveillance reports.

scholarly journals Daily physical activity of Brazilian carriers of arterial hypertension: a transversal analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Dartel Ferrari de Lima ◽  
Lohran Anguera Lima ◽  
Olinda do Carmo Luiz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Objective: To describe the profile of the practice of physical activity in the daily life of Brazilian adults with arterial hypertension and to analyze whether the practice performed complies with the recommendations of the World Health Organization.Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Surveillance System of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases of 2014, involving 40,853 adults aged 18 years and over in all Brazilian capitals, interviewed by telephone survey.Results: Walking, soccer and water aerobics were the main modalities of exercise and sport practiced. The weekly volume of effort led 35% of practitioners to reach the recommended goal of the World Health Organization. The low weekly frequency of activities stood out among hypertensives who did not reach the goal.Conclusion: Health services should clarify the need for regularity of physical activity for hypertensive individuals to benefit substantially.

Estimating awareness of health care workers and degree of implementation of antimicrobial resistance policies; a cross-sectional study from Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Amira F.A. Hussein ◽  
Hamid E. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The problem of Antimicrobial resistance crises (AMR) is a threat to health and economy. Misuse of antimicrobials in human, animals and plants, lead to evolution of more aggressive bacterial strains that are resistant to most of known antimicrobials. Projections suggest that the problem will cause economic inequality, and numerous speculations about a near health crises mostly in developing countries where the burden of resistance is highest. The objective of this study is to assess awareness and degree of implementation of world health organization WHO strategies of antimicrobial resistance; an initiative for improvement. Methodology: analytical, cross- sectional study that employed interviews for implementation of the research. Results: 100% of HCW are aware of antimicrobial resistance problem. 45% of physicians have their policy in treatment with antibiotics while 35% have no policies at all. Regarding training in infection control, only nurses received training about infection control while other HCW do not. Infection control practitioners are the only ones aware of surveillance and research in infection control; while others do not. Conclusion: Global action plan objectives of WHO are partially implemented. Lack of standardized policies and regulations in antibiotic stewardship, infection control; in addition, absence of programmed training for physicians about infection prevention control are among the main finding in impeding the application of WHO objectives.

scholarly journals Strengthening surveillance systems for malaria elimination: a global landscaping of system performance, 2015–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lourenço ◽  
Andrew J. Tatem ◽  
Peter M. Atkinson ◽  
Justin M. Cohen ◽  
Deepa Pindolia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Surveillance is a core component of an effective system to support malaria elimination. Poor surveillance data will prevent countries from monitoring progress towards elimination and targeting interventions to the last remaining at-risk places. An evaluation of the performance of surveillance systems in 16 countries was conducted to identify key gaps which could be addressed to build effective systems for malaria elimination. Methods A standardized surveillance system landscaping was conducted between 2015 and 2017 in collaboration with governmental malaria programmes. Malaria surveillance guidelines from the World Health Organization and other technical bodies were used to identify the characteristics of an optimal surveillance system, against which systems of study countries were compared. Data collection was conducted through review of existing material and datasets, and interviews with key stakeholders, and the outcomes were summarized descriptively. Additionally, the cumulative fraction of incident infections reported through surveillance systems was estimated using surveillance data, government records, survey data, and other scientific sources. Results The landscaping identified common gaps across countries related to the lack of surveillance coverage in remote communities or in the private sector, the lack of adequate health information architecture to capture high quality case-based data, poor integration of data from other sources such as intervention information, poor visualization of generated information, and its lack of availability for making programmatic decisions. The median percentage of symptomatic cases captured by the surveillance systems in the 16 countries was estimated to be 37%, mostly driven by the lack of treatment-seeking in the public health sector (64%) or, in countries with large private sectors, the lack of integration of this sector within the surveillance system. Conclusions The landscaping analysis undertaken provides a clear framework through which to identify multiple gaps in current malaria surveillance systems. While perfect systems are not required to eliminate malaria, closing the gaps identified will allow countries to deploy resources more efficiently, track progress, and accelerate towards malaria elimination. Since the landscaping undertaken here, several countries have addressed some of the identified gaps by improving coverage of surveillance, integrating case data with other information, and strengthening visualization and use of data.

scholarly journals Automating the generation of antimicrobial resistance surveillance reports: a proof-of-concept study in seven hospitals in seven countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherry Lim ◽  
Thyl Miliya ◽  
Vilada Chansamouth ◽  
Myint Thazin Aung ◽  
Abhilasha Karkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Automated Tool

ABSTRACTBackgroundReporting cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility testing data on a regular basis is crucial to inform antimicrobial resistance (AMR) action plans at local, national and global levels. However, analysing data and generating a report are time-consuming and often require trained personnel. We illustrate the development and utility of an offline, open-access and automated tool that can support the generation of AMR surveillance reports promptly at the local level.MethodsAn offline application to generate standardized AMR surveillance reports from routinely available microbiology and hospital data files was written in the R programming language. The application can be run by a double-click on the application file without any further user input. The data analysis procedure and report content were developed based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (WHO GLASS). The application was tested in Microsoft Windows 10 and 7 using open-access example data sets. We then independently tested the application in seven hospitals in Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam.FindingsWe developed the AutoMated tool for Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System (AMASS), which can support clinical microbiology laboratories to analyse their microbiology and hospital data files (in CSV or Excel format) onsite and promptly generate AMR surveillance reports (in PDF and Excel formats). The data files could be those exported from WHONET and/or other laboratory information systems. The automatically generated reports contain only summary data without patient identifiers. The AMASS application is downloadable from www.amass.website. The participating hospitals tested the application and deposited their AMR surveillance reports in an open-access data repository.InterpretationThe AMASS application can be a useful tool to support the generation and sharing of AMR surveillance reports.FundingMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) is funded by the Wellcome Trust (Grant no. 106698/Z/14/Z). Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU) is funded by the Wellcome Trust (Grant no. 106680/B/14/Z). The investigators are funded by the Wellcome Trust (CL is funded by a Training Research Fellowship [Grant no. 206736] and DL is funded by an Intermediate Training Fellowship [Grant no. 101103]). BSC is funded by the UK Medical Research Council and Department for International Development (Grant no. MR/K006924/1). The funder has no role in the design and conduct of the study, data collection, or analysis and interpretation of the data.

scholarly journals The Experience of Implementing a National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pillonetto ◽  
Regiane Tigulini de Souza Jordão ◽  
Gabriel Savogin Andraus ◽  
Ricardo Bergamo ◽  
Fabiano Barreto Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
The Impact

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat of global proportions, which has the potential to lead to approximately ten million deaths per year by 2050. Pressured by this wicked problem, in 2014, the World Health Organization launched a call for member states to share AMR data through the implementation of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), to appropriately scale and monitor the general situation world-widely. In 2017, Brazil joined GLASS and, in 2018, started its own national antimicrobial surveillance program (BR-GLASS) to understand the impact of resistance in the country. We compiled data obtained from the complete routine of three hospitals' microbiology labs during the year of 2018. This pilot data sums up to 200,874 antimicrobial susceptibility test results from 11,347 isolates. It represents 119 different microorganisms recovered from 44 distinct types of clinical samples. Specimens came from patients originating from 301 Brazilian cities, with 4,950 of these isolates from presumed Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) and the other 6,397 community-acquired cases. The female population offered 58% of the collected samples, while the other 42% were of male origin. The urinary tract was the most common topography (6,372/11,347 isolates), followed by blood samples (2,072/11,347). Gram-negative predominated the bacterial isolates: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent in general, representing 4,030 isolates (89.0% of these from the urinary tract). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the most prevalent bacteria in blood samples. Besides these two species, the ESKAPE group have consolidated their prevalence. Regarding drug susceptibility results, 141,648 (70.5%) were susceptible, 9,950 (4.9%) intermediate, and 49,276 (24.5%) resistant. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most worrisome microorganism, with 65.3% of the overall antimicrobial susceptibility tests showing resistance, followed by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a global resistance rate of 59%. Although this is a pilot project (still limited to one state), this database shows the importance of a nation-wide surveillance program,[153mm][-12mm] Q14 especially considering it already had patients coming from 301 distinct counties and 18 different states. The BR-GLASS Program is an ongoing project that intends to encompass at least 95 hospitals distributed in all five geographical regions in Brazil within the next 5 years.

Some results of measles/rubella surveillance in Vietnam during 2010 - 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Thu ◽  
Vu Hai Ha ◽  
Pham Dinh Long ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Ha ◽  
Vu Hoai Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Elimination Goal ◽  
And Control

A cross - sectional study was conducted in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam with the aim to describe the measles/rubella surveillance results in the 2010 - 2019 period. All data reported in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Report in the period 2010 - 2019. Overall measles/rubella surveillance results showed that almost all regions of the country had achieved the detection target of suspected measles/rubella cases of ≥ 2/100,000 population, while the proportion of suspected measles/rubella cases surveyed and sampled nationwide was 57.7 % and 39.6%, respectively, which did not meet the standards set by World Health Organization (WHO). The proportion of measles/rubella cases surveyed differed signifcantly between regions (χ2 3df = 3500, p < 0.001), with the highest in the Central (80.3%) and the lowest in the Highlands (45.0%). Sampling rates on the number of suspected cases varied between regions (χ2 3df = 1600, p < 0.001). To achieve the measles/rubella elimination goal, standard surveillance system plays an important role in providing valuable information for disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Vanuatu: January 2017 to December 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nicola D. Foxlee ◽  
Nicola Townell ◽  
Mary Ann L. Tosul ◽  
Lachlan McIver ◽  
Colleen L. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Pacific Island Countries ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has identified surveillance as a key objective in the containment of antimicrobial resistance. Local antimicrobial resistance surveillance data are used to generate antibiograms to monitor resistance patterns and inform clinicians in the selection of the appropriate empiric treatment when culture results are pending, or if laboratory diagnosis is unavailable. However, producing robust bacteriology data is challenging for Pacific Island Countries and Territories with limited microbiology laboratory capacity. The aim of this study is to describe pathogen occurrence and antibiotic resistance in specimens cultured at the main referral hospital in Vanuatu. We reviewed specimen culture results for the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from printed and electronic registers and described and analysed. A total of 5816 specimens were cultured, of which 21% were culture positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen overall (41%), and 3% of the isolates were the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated gram-negative pathogens, of which 14% and 26% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing, respectively. Our results suggest there is a need for other Pacific Island Countries and Territories to conduct similar studies. There are gaps in knowledge about antimicrobial resistance in Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Antibiograms based on reliable data will define and inform local and national actions for containing antimicrobial resistance. There is also a need to establish a regional surveillance network to strengthen national efforts and to link surveillance data for collaborative action against antimicrobial resistance.

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