scholarly journals Latest Results from RHIC + Progress on Determining q ^ L in RHI Collisions Using Di-Hadron Correlations

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tannenbaum
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Collider Physics ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
The Future

Results from Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Physics in 2018 and plans for the future at Brookhaven National Laboratory are presented.

scholarly journals Chiral Magnetic Effects in Nuclear Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Chiral Magnetic Effect

The interplay of quantum anomalies with strong magnetic fields and vorticity in chiral systems could lead to novel transport phenomena, such as the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In high-energy nuclear collisions, these chiral effects may survive the expansion of a quark–gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. The experimental searches for the CME, the CMW, and the CVE have aroused extensive interest over the past couple of decades. The main goal of this article is to review the latest experimental progress in the search for these novel chiral transport phenomena at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Future programs to help reduce uncertainties and facilitate the interpretation of the data are also discussed.

scholarly journals Development of a Polarized Helium-3 Source for RHIC and eRHIC

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1660102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maxwell ◽  
C. Epstein ◽  
R. Milner ◽  
J. Alessi ◽  
E. Beebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Optical Pumping ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
The Status ◽  
Helium 3

The addition of a polarized 3He ion source for use at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory would enable a host of new measurements, particularly in the context of a planned eRHIC. We are developing such a source using metastability exchange optical pumping to polarize helium-3, which will be then transferred into RHIC’s Electron Beam Ion Source for ionization. We aim to deliver nuclear polarization of near 70%, and roughly 10[Formula: see text] doubly-ionized 3He[Formula: see text] ions will be created in each 20 [Formula: see text]sec pulse. We discuss the design of the source, and the status of its development.

Explosion Hazard Analysis for the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider PHENIX Detector

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Ciccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Experimental Hall ◽  
Block Wall

Abstract Currently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a large 3.8 km in circumference collider called the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The collider is capable of creating thousands of head-on collisions between beams of heavy ions, e.g., gold, or polarized protons traveling at nearly the speed of light Four experiments built along RHIC’s underground ring will measure the particles unleashed when the beams collide. This study deals with the PHENIX Detector which roughly fills an Experimental Hall with a floor area of 18.6 m by 15.8 m and a height of 14.3 m. The RHIC tunnel connects to the Experimental Hall through two opposite walls. The large tunnel openings are almost completely obstructed by massive steel plates which are part of the PHENIX Muon detector system. The Experimental Hall walls are all fixed except for one which is constructed from 1.7 m thick concrete blocks covering an opening which is 18 m wide by 14.0 m high. This block wall has a plug door which is designed to be unstacked so that large PHENIX detector systems can be transferred from the Experimental Hall into the adjacent Assembly Hall when required. The detector consists of several systems, each with its own role in detecting subatomic particles. Combustible gases such as ethane, isobutane, and methane are used in several of the detector systems. In particular, one of the systems called the Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector (RICH) uses 80 m3 of pure ethane in two welded aluminum frames each with two large 0.127 mm thick aluminized KAPTON windows. The ethane gas is maintained at a pressure of a fraction of an inch of water above the ambient pressure. The work reported here deals with a safety analysis for a hypothetical accident scenario whereby the RICH windows are damaged and all the ethane inventory is released into the Experimental Hall, mixed with the ambient air and ignited. The objective of the analysis was to determine the scope of damage to the experiment and danger to personnel under various accident scenarios involving the extent of ethane gas release, the degree of mixing with ambient air and the mode of combustion. If all the ethane is assumed to be released and allowed to mix with the entire volume of air contained within the Experimental Hall, the calculations show that ignition of this mixture would not result in the collapse of the block wall.

scholarly journals Highlights from BNL-RHIC 2011–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 1430017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Tannenbaum
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Nucleon Nucleon ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Qcd Critical Point

Highlights from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and experiments at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented for the years 2011–2013. This review is a combination of lectures which discussed the latest results each year at a three year celebration of the 50th anniversary of the International School of Subnuclear Physics in Erice, Sicily, Italy. Since the first collisions in the year 2000, RHIC has provided nucleus–nucleus and polarized proton–proton collisions over a range of nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energies [Formula: see text] from 7.7 GeV to 510 GeV with nuclei from deuterium to uranium, most often gold. The objective was the discovery of the Quark Gluon Plasma, which was achieved, and the measurement of its properties, which were much different than expected, namely a "perfect fluid" of quarks and gluons with their color charges exposed rather than a gas. Topics including quenching of light and heavy quarks at large transverse momentum, thermal photons, search for a QCD critical point as well as measurements of collective flow, two-particle correlations and J/Ψ suppression are presented. During this period, results from the first and subsequent heavy ion measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN became available. These confirmed and extended the RHIC discoveries and have led to ideas for new and improved measurements.

Recombinant Science: The Birth of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Crease
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
To Come ◽  
High Energy Regime

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was the first facility to move the subfield of nuclear physics into the relativistic (very high-energy) regime. From the time of its formal proposal in 1984 to the start of its operation in 2000, it anchored a profound reconfiguration of Brookhaven's mission. This article analyzes the process by which RHIC came to seem the best solution to a problem thrust upon the Brookhaven laboratory administration by the planning and funding demands of the early 1980s, which required creative reconfiguration of resources and programs from long-established national laboratories accustomed to pursuing particular kinds of science. The RHIC story is an example of "recombinant science," as Catherine Westfall has labeled it, which does not occur as a natural outgrowth of previous research. In the recombinant science that gave birth to RHIC, the ends as well as the means arose as the result of contingencies and convergences that required researchers from multiple subfields to adapt their intentions and methods, sometimes awkwardly. Against a backdrop of limited budgets, increasing oversight, and competitive claims from other labs and projects, this case study illustrates how many strands had to come together simultaneously in RHIC, including changes in theoretical interest, experimental developments, and the existence of hardware assets---plus leadership and several lucky breaks.

Particle Identification in High Energy Collisions at RHIC

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T Love
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

This article provides a technical introduction to the study of collider physics by focusing on the concept of particle identification (PID). Through a general overview of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction Experiment (PHENIX), the author discusses the role of Vanderbilt University researchers in collaborative work at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. After explaining the concept of event reconstruction and centrality with graphical images of experimental results, the author outlines the time-of-flight method of particle identification in high energy physics. A final presentation of the design concept for the Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) integrates the more traditional foundations of theoretical physics with the next generation of physics experimentation in the field.

scholarly journals A New Heavy Flavor Program for the Future Electron-Ion Collider

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 04002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Li ◽  
Ivan Vitev ◽  
Melynda Brooks ◽  
Lukasz Cincio ◽  
J. Matthew Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Heavy Flavor ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Heavy Flavor Production ◽  
The Future

The proposed high-energy and high-luminosity Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) will provide one of the cleanest environments to precisely determine the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) in a wide x–Q2 range. Heavy flavor production at the EIC provides access to nPDFs in the poorly constrained high Bjorken-x region, allows us to study the quark and gluon fragmentation processes, and constrains parton energy loss in cold nuclear matter. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a new physics program to study heavy flavor production, flavor tagged jets, and heavy flavor hadron-jet correlations in the nucleon/nucleus going direction at the future EIC. The proposed measurements will provide a unique way to explore the flavor dependent fragmentation functions and energy loss in a heavy nucleus. They will constrain the initial-state effects that are critical for the interpretation of previous and ongoing heavy ion measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. We show an initial conceptual design of the proposed Forward Silicon Tracking (FST) detector at the EIC, which is essential to carry out the heavy flavor measurements. We further present initial feasibility studies/simulations of heavy flavor hadron reconstruction using the proposed FST.

MATTER AT HIGH DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE AT RHIC

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5224-5233
Author(s):  
J. C. DUNLOP
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
High Density ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
The Status

The status of current investigation of hot and dense matter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is reviewed. Indications for the creation of a dense, strongly interacting system have been seen. Further experimental and theoretical work is needed to convert these indications into quantitative measurements of the properties of the system created.

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