scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins Derived from Medicago spp. Plants against Donkey Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Maestrini ◽  
Aldo Tava ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Federica Salari ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Eggs

With the aim to find new effective natural compounds for the control of nematodes, the in vitro anthelminthic properties of purified 1% saponins showing different chemical compositions and derived from Medicago sativa (MS), Medicago arborea (MA), Medicago polymorpha cultivar ‘Santiago’ (MPS), M. polymorpha cultivar ‘Anglona’ (MPA), and 1% prosapogenins from M. sativa (MSp), were evaluated and compared. As a source of nematode eggs, pooled fresh fecal samples taken from dairy donkeys naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes were used. From fecal samples, eggs were recovered, suspended in deionized water, and used immediately in the bioassay (egg hatch test). The activity of the tested compounds was compared to positive (0.1% thiabendazole) and negative (deionized water and 1% DMSO) controls. All experiments were repeated in triplicate and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. All the tested plant compounds caused a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of nematode egg hatching (>80%). Moreover, all saponins and prosapogenins showed in vitro anthelmintic properties statistically comparable to that of the reference drug (p < 0.05), except for MPS extract. Obtained results showed that the different Medicago saponins evaluated in this study possess high anthelmintic properties against gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy donkeys, although to a different extent depending on their composition.

In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of some saponins and flavonoids against parasitic nematodes of goats

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1884-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acidália Carine Vieira Santos ◽  
Francianne Oliveira Santos ◽  
Hélimar Gonçalves Lima ◽  
Gisele Dias Da Silva ◽  
Rosangela Soares Uzêda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Larvicidal Activities ◽  
Hecogenin Acetate ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractThis study assessed the anthelmintic activity of plant-derived compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats using the egg hatch and larval motility assays. The compounds tested were saponins (digitonin and aescin) and their respective sapogenins (aglycones), hecogenin acetate and flavonoids (catechin, hesperidin, isocordoin and a mixture of isocordoin and cordoin). Additionally, cytotoxicity of active substances was analysed on Vero cell through 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl,2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) tests. Significant reduction on the egg hatching (P < 0.05) was seen only in the treatments with aescin (99%/EC50 = 0.67 mg mL−1) and digitonin (45%). The compounds that reduced the larval motility (P < 0.05) were digitonin (EC50 = 0.03 mg mL−1 and EC90 = 0.49 mg mL−1) and the hecogenin acetate (75%). The other sapogenins showed low anthelmintic activity. All the flavonoids showed low ovicidal (4–12%) and larvicidal (10–19%) effects. The aescin and digitonin showed low toxicity in PI test (viable cells >90%). Nevertheless, higher cytotoxicity was observed in the MTT assay, with IC50 of 0.20 mg mL−1 (aescin) and 0.0074 mg mL−1 (digitonin). Aescin and digitonin have a pronounced in vitro anthelmintic effect and the glycone portion of these saponins plays an important role in this activity.

scholarly journals In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Two Aloe-derived Active Principles against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201
Author(s):  
Gianluca Fichi ◽  
Matteo Mattellini ◽  
Elisa Meloni ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Aloe Emodin

The in vitro anthelmintic activity on sheep gastrointestinal strongyle (GIS) eggs and larvae of 0.5% aloin and 0.1% aloe-emodin was investigated. From fresh faecal samples collected by ewes naturally infected by Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Teladorsagia nematodes, GIS eggs were isolated and cultivated in Petri dishes (100 eggs/dish). For the in vitro evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of tested compounds, the Egg hatch test (EHT), the Larval development test (LDT) and the Larval mortality/paralysis test (LMT) were used. In each assay, the activity of tested compounds was compared to untreated and treated (0.1% thiabendazole, TBZ) controls. Six repetitions were made through the experiment. Obtained data were statistically elaborated using the X2 test. In EHT, 0.5% aloin gave highly significantly different (P<0.01) results from the untreated controls. In LDT, both 0.1% aloe-emodin and 0.5% aloin almost completely prevented the larval development from L1 to L3, showing no significant differences (P<0.01) when compared to TBZ. In LMT, larval mortality observed in 0.5% aloin treated plates was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that observed in TBZ treated controls. These results show the in vitro anthelmintic properties on sheep GIS of the examined plant secondary metabolites. In LDT and/or LMT, the activity of 0.5% aloin and 0.1% aloe-emodin was comparable to or higher than that of the reference drug.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelminthic Efficacy of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae) Extracts on Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano D’Ambola ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Andrea Ariano ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Ammar Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Ovicidal Effects

The anthelminthic efficacy of the crude extracts of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep was investigated using the in vitro egg hatch inhibition assay. Faecal samples were collected from sheep with naturally occurring infection of GIN (Trichostrongylus spp., Chabertia ovina, Cooperia spp., Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia spp.). Crude leaf extracts of H. forskaolii was obtained using increasing polarity solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform:methanol 9:1, methanol. Thiabendazole (0.2 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL) was used as a positive control and untreated GIN eggs in deionised water served as the negative control. All the extracts exhibited a weak ovicidal activity against GIN (less than 50% of egg hatch). Noteworthy, the n-hexane extract showed a percentage of inhibition of egg hatching greater than other extracts inhibiting the 30.8% at the concentration of 1 mg/mL showing a dose-dependent effect on nematode eggs hatching. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of extracts used and to evaluate the ovicidal effects of other extracts of H. forskaolii.

scholarly journals In vitro anthelmintic activity of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lopes da Costa Souza ◽  
Cristina Karine de Oliveira Rebouças ◽  
Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque ◽  
Cristiane de Carvalho Ferreira Lima Moura ◽  
Taffarel Melo Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Hatching Process ◽  
Vitro Effect

ABSTRACT Since drug-resistant nematodes became a common problem in sheep and goat industries, alternative methods using natural products have emerged as a viable and sustainable anthelmintic treatment option. Here, the in vitro effect of essential oil extracted from Lippia gracilis Schauer was assessed on the hatching process of nematodes recovered from naturally infected goats. Essential oil at concentrations of 0.08% (0.008 μL/mL), 0.12% (0.012 μL/mL), and 0.16% (0.016 μL/mL) was able to induce an average inhibition of 74.7, 84 and 93%, respectively. The effective concentration required to inhibit egg hatching in 50% of eggs (EC50) was 0.03452%. Therefore, essential oil of L. gracilis showed promisor in vitro anthelmintic results against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of extracts from Artemisia parviflora and A. sieversiana

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Irum ◽  
H. Ahmed ◽  
B. Mirza ◽  
K. Donskow-Łysoniewska ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae

SummaryIn the northern areas of Pakistan, the use of Artemisia based therapeutics is a common practice. Plants of genus Artemisia are known to possess anthelmintic and therapeutic effect. Infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are major threat to livestock industry across the world resulting in loss of production and indirect economic losses due to high cost of anthelmintic drugs. Present study was carried out to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effect of Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia parviflora on Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Methanolic plant extract was tested against three different developmental stages using an egg hatch assay, infective larvae and adult worm motility assay. Different concentrations were used for the bioassays and post exposure mortality was recorded after 8 hr for adult worms and infective larvae, while egg inhibition percentage was observed after 27 hr. A highly significant ability to inhibit the egg hatching (100 %) was recorded for both plant extracts while, the highest activity for adult worm assay and larvicidal assay was 90 % for A. sieversiana. The highest activity for adult motility and larvicidal assay for A. parviflora was 89 % and 86.6 % respectively. For in vivo trials maximum parentage reduction was 77.0 % for A. sieversiana and 73.6 % for A. parviflora. It is concluded that selected plant extracts were effective in reducing worm burden in animals.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum against Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyi Hassen Ahmed ◽  
Mebrat Ejo ◽  
Teka Feyera ◽  
Dereje Regassa ◽  
Bahar Mummed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Crude Extracts

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major limiting factor for the successfulness of livestock production throughout the world. Emergence of resistance strains as well as scarcity and high cost of the currently available drugs has led to the evaluation of other alternative helminth control options, mainly from plants. The current study is aimed at investigating the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of two traditionally important medicinal plants, Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum, against Haemonchus contortus using adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatch inhibition assay (EHIA). Four graded concentrations of the extracts were tested for both the AMA (10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/mg) and EHIA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) in replicates. Albendazole and phosphate-buffered saline (AMA) or distilled water (EHIA) were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The crude extracts of A. herba-alba and P. granatum exhibited a potential anthelmintic activity at all dose levels in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The highest concentration (10 mg/mL) of all the extracts caused a significantly (p<0.05) superior nematocidal activity compared to the negative control. Moreover, significant and concentration-dependent egg hatching inhibition effect was observed from both plant extracts. Maximal (98.67%) egg hatching inhibition effect was exhibited by the flower extract of A. herba-alba at 1 mg/mL concentration. The relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy indicated that both plants caused a significantly (p<0.05) greater egg hatch inhibition within 48 hr of exposure. The current study validated the traditional use of both plants as a natural anthelmintic against H. contortus justifying a need to undertake detail pharmacological and toxicological investigation on both plants.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
Michaela Komáromyová ◽  
Michal Babják ◽  
Michaela Urda Dolinská ◽  
Alžbeta Königová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽  
Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Aerial Parts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and Leaves of Schinus molle L. against Haemonchus contortus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamawit Zenebe ◽  
Teka Feyera ◽  
Solomon Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis

Background. Haemonchus contortus, the causative agent of Haemonchosis, is the most economically important parasite in small ruminant production. Control with chemotherapy has not been successful due to rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains. There is a continuous search for alternative leads particularly from plants. The study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extracts of leaves of Schinus molle and aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis against H. contortus. Methods. Adult motility test and egg hatching inhibition assay were employed to investigate the in vitro adulticidal and egg hatching inhibitory effects of the extracts. Results. Higher concentrations of the extracts (10 and 5 mg/ml) had a significantly superior adulticidal activity (p<0.05) compared to the negative control and lower concentration levels, which was comparable to albendazole. Similarly, the relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy of S. molle and C. quadrangularis extracts indicated a maximum of 96% and 88% egg hatch inhibition, respectively, within the 48 hrs of exposure at 1 mg/ml. Conclusion. The current study evidenced that the crude methanolic extracts of the plants have promising adulticidal and egg hatching inhibitory effects against H. contortus.

scholarly journals Disclosing the bioactive metabolites involved in the in vitro anthelmintic effects of salt-tolerant plants through a combined approach using PVPP and HPLC-ESI-MSn

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Oliveira ◽  
Caroline Sprengel Lima ◽  
Setha Ketavong ◽  
Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez ◽  
Hervé Hoste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Major Interest

AbstractStrategies to reduce dependence on synthetic drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infections in ruminants include the search for novel anthelmintic scaffolds on plants, yet salt-tolerant plants remain overlooked. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic properties of selected salt-tolerant plants against GIN, and identify the potential bioactive secondary metabolites involved. For that purpose, 80% acetone/water extracts were prepared from dried biomass of aerial organs of nine salt-tolerant plant species and tested against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis by the Larval Exsheathment Inhibition Assay (LEIA) and Egg Hatching Inhibition Assay (EHIA). Pistacia lentiscus, Limoniatrum monopetalum, Cladium mariscus and Helychrisum italicum picardi were the most active in both GIN and life stages. To investigate the role of polyphenols in the anthelmintic activity, four selected extracts were treated with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), and non-treated and treated samples were further characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn). While polyphenols seem responsible for the EHIA properties, they are partially accountable to LEIA results. Several phenolics involved in the anthelmintic effects were identified and discussed. In sum, these species are rich sources of anthelmintic compounds and, therefore, are of major interest for nutraceutical and/or phytotherapeutic applications against GIN in ruminants.

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