scholarly journals Methodology for Determining the Key Factors for Non-Point Source Management

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Jae Hong Park ◽  
Jichul Ryu ◽  
Dong Seok Shin ◽  
Jae Kwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Management Area

Due to the growing significance of water quality degradation by non-point source (NPS) pollution, regions in which NPS management is required should be designated as the management areas. Relevant management measures should be established to control water quality items related to degradation. It is advantageous that the area where the water environment is negatively affected by NPS is provided with legal grounds for NPS management, namely the designation of an NPS management area. This is because if it is designated as an NPS management area, the government can support the budget necessary for the installation of non-point pollution reduction facilities. In order to effectively utilize the limited budget, it is necessary to select and concentrate the area that should be managed first in the NPS management area. For the efficiency of the NPS pollution management within a management region, priority locations or key management sub-regions should be determined to implement differential management plans. Also, in selecting priority management regions, evaluation factors that can reflect the effects of NPS, such as the water quality target excess ratio in the mid-level region (or the total maximum daily load (TMDL) management) which includes the target region (low-level region), the NPS load in land, and non-permeable area ratio, should be quantified and the management order should be defined. Since NPS has local characteristics, the management items should be determined based on turbidity, suspended solid (SS), or total phosphorus (TP) that affect the local water quality. When the water environment is polluted due to non-point pollutants, various materials such as turbidity, SS, TP, Escherichia coli, and heavy metals can be set as management items according to local characteristics. However, the most important items to be managed are turbidity, SS, and TP, because if the solid (SS) is present in the water, which is highly turbid and does not sink easily, people can feel unpleasant and feel that the water is not clean, even if they do not analyze the water quality. In addition, in the case of TP, nutrients accumulated in the land are introduced into the river by rainfall, causing eutrophication. People feel uncomfortable because it changes the water color. Other pollutants can only be found to be contaminated after water quality analysis is performed. The water quality target of the management items should be set realistically, based on the situation of the watershed by considering the watershed model, management flow, NPS pollutant reduction plan, the river flow in the management area, and load. All these reflect the characteristics of the region. To evaluate whether the water quality target is achieved after NPS management, a method similar to the one to set the water quality target should be used to review the performance of the management plan. This study introduces specific examples of key factors in establishing an NPS management plan, including consideration factors and methods for the designation of NPS management regions, consideration factors and the selection method for key management areas within a management region, the selection method of management items, the selection method of the water quality target, and an evaluation method of the water quality target.

Non-point source pesticide removal by a mountainous wetland

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Kao ◽  
J.Y. Wang ◽  
K.F. Chen ◽  
H.Y. Lee ◽  
M.J. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Pesticide Removal ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

Non-point source (NPS) pollution is believed to be one of the major causes of impairment of water bodies. Among NPS pollution, agricultural NPS pollution is considered to be the largest single category resulting in water quality deterioration. Pesticides are some the most ubiquitous of these agricultural NPS pollutants. In this study, a mountainous wetland was selected to investigate the effects of the natural wetland system on the NPS pesticide (atrazine) removal to maintain the surface water quality. The selected wetland receives water from two unnamed creeks, which drain primarily upgradient agricultural lands. Wetland investigation and monitoring were conducted from November 1999 to March 2001. Major storm events and baseline water quality samples were analyzed. Field results indicate that the wetland was able to remove NPS atrazine flushed from the upgradient agricultural lands after the occurrence of storm events. Laboratory aerobic and anaerobic bioreactor experiments were conducted to evaluate the biodegradation of atrazine under the intrinsic conditions of the wetland system. Microbial enumeration was conducted for a quick screen of bacterial activity in the studied wetland. Results from the study suggest that the methanogenesis process was possibly the dominant biodegradation pattern, and atrazine can be degraded under reductive dechlorinating conditions when sufficient intrinsic organic matter was provided. Results from this study can provide us with further knowledge on pesticide removal mechanisms in natural wetlands and evaluate the role of wetlands in controlling pesticide pollutants from stormwater runoff.

Study on Control of Water Quality of Poyang Lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 979-982
Author(s):  
Chuan Bao Wu ◽  
Xiang Hui Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Nps Pollution

Water quality of Poyang Lake is facing serious threats with the quick development of Jiangxi Province. Water quality control and pollution prevention of Poyang Lake have become important problems set before Jiangxi Province. To keep good water quality of Poyang Lake, a series of pollution-preventing strategies were studied. In order to prevent point source (PS) pollution, industrial types and layout, management measures and production technique should be improved. Strategies to prevent non-point source (NPS) pollution include four aspects. First is to transform part of NPS pollution to PS pollution by rationally laying out industry system. Second is to construct spatially harmonious and reasonable landscape pattern. Third is to reform conventional agricultural production by using advanced chemical and biological technologies. Fourth is to carry out Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low-impact Development (LID) by learning and innovation.

scholarly journals Optimum Detailed Standards to Control Non-Point Source Pollution Priority Management Areas: Centered on Highland Agriculture Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9842
Author(s):  
Jinsun Kim ◽  
Baekyung Park ◽  
Jiyeon Choi ◽  
Minji Park ◽  
Jong Mun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Geologic Structure ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Field Area ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

The Ministry of Environment in Korea aims to reduce non-point source (NPS) pollution and improve soil water management by expanding NPS priority management areas. Six NPS priority management areas to reduce suspended solids (SS) according to soil loss were chosen as they either constitute serious hazards to the natural ecosystem due to NPS pollutants or they are areas with unusual geologic structure or strata. Although more comprehensive standards are required for effective NPS management, however, no detailed consideration factors and standards are available in the legal provisions. Therefore, in this study, based on the existing six priority NPS management areas and using results from previous studies, we present detailed legal designation standards. We found that the higher the altitude, slope, and field area ratio, the higher the effect of SS on water quality during rainfall. Additionally, there is a high correlation as R2 0.9813 between SS and the habitat and riparian index. These results are useful for establishing detailed standards for areas requiring an NPS management system, future expansion of the NPS priority management area designation, and policymaking and research for reducing NPS pollution in Korea.

scholarly journals Spatial evaluation of complex non-point source pollution in urban–rural watershed using fuzzy system

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Wang ◽  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Song Hong ◽  
Yanhua Zhuang ◽  
Hongyan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Place ◽  
The Impact

Non-point source (NPS) pollution has become the major reason for water quality deterioration. Due to the differences in the generation and transportation mechanisms between urban areas and rural areas, different models are needed in rural and urban places. Since land use has been rapidly changing, it is difficult to define the study area as city or country absolutely and the complex NPS pollution in these urban–rural mixed places are difficult to evaluate using an urban or rural model. To address this issue, a fuzzy system-based approach of modeling complex NPS pollutant is proposed concerning the fuzziness of each land use and the ratio of belonging to an urban or rural place. The characteristic of land use, impact of city center and traffic condition were used to describe spatial membership of belonging to an urban or rural place. According to the spatial membership of belonging to an urban or rural place, the NPS distributions calculated by the urban model and rural model respectively were combined. To validate the method, Donghu Lake, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, was selected as the case study area. The results showed that the urban NPS pollutant load was significantly higher than that of the rural area. The land usage influenced the pollution more than other factors such as slope or precipitation. It also suggested that the impact of the urbanization process on water quality is noteworthy.

Role of non-point sources in the development of a water quality management plan for the Mgeni River catchment

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Pegram ◽  
A. J. Bath
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Source Area ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Basin Scale

Integrated river basin management depends upon information about existing and potential water quality problems. In the Mgeni River basin, the major water quality problems are sediment, nutrient and bacterial with at least 85 percent of the total contamination derived from non-point sources. This paper shows that it is of paramount importance that the development of management objectives and approaches be based on the understanding, quantification and interpretation of the seasonal and spatial variation in export from non-point source areas. Management and analysis requires the grouping of all non-point source areas into diffuse, concentrated and incident sources, with the emphasis on the source area and pollutant delivery rather than the water quality response. Traditionally monitored data is not sufficient for detailed interpretation of non-point source pollution. Comments are made regarding the problems associated with obtaining representative loading data for non-point sources. The choice of appropriate analysis techniques, which assist in the interpretation of the available data, is based upon an assessment of the information requirements for management, the conditions and the water quality problems in the study catchment. GIS-based basin scale and individual source area maps of pollution potential and export are used to support the time-series of catchment export. These techniques will be incorporated into the management information system (MIS).

scholarly journals Eco-Compensation Schemes for Controlling Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Maoli Lake Watershed

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Yumei Zheng ◽  
Guangchun Lei ◽  
Peng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Nps Pollution

Maoli Lake is the water source for local residents and a national nature protected area. However, due to intensive agriculture development, the water quality has deteriorated over the past decades. An effective measure to improve water quality is to control the agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution through elaborate schemes based on eco-compensation. In order to develop such eco-compensation schemes, three scenarios of agricultural activity adjustment were designed: S1 (halving fertilization every year), S2 (fallow every other year), and S3 (returning agricultural land to forest). A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was adopted to simulate runoff, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Based on SWAT results, a multi-criteria spatial evaluation model considering the environmental, economic, and social effects of eco-compensation was created for best scenario decision. The results reveal the following: (1) the total nutrients loss of agricultural land reduces in all scenarios, but S2 has more reduction compared to S1 and S3; (2) from the comprehensive perspective of environment–economy–society effects, S2 is the best scenario for rice land and dry land; (3) the comprehensive effect of eco-compensation at the grid scale has a significant spatial difference, and therefore, we highlight the necessity and significance of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by eco-compensation on a precise spatial scale. This study can broaden the application field of the SWAT model and provide a scientific basis and experience for the evaluation and spatial design of agriculture eco-compensation.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11032
Author(s):  
Yuepeng Liu ◽  
Chuanfeng Yang ◽  
Xinyang Yu ◽  
Mengwen Wang ◽  
Wei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Elevation Model

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the landscape patterns and non-point source (NPS) pollution distribution in Qixia County, China. The sub-basin classification was conducted based on a digital elevation model and Landsat8 satellite images. Water samples were collected from each sub-basin, andtheir water quality during the wet and dry seasons was estimated. The correlation between the landscape indices and water pollution indicators was determined by Pearson analysis. The location-weighted landscape contrast index (LWLCI) was calculated based on the “source-sink” theory. Qixia was further divided into five sections based on the LWLCI score to illustrate the potential risk of NPS pollution. The results showed that the water quality in Qixia County was generally good. Cultivated land, orchards, construction areas, and unused land were positively correlated with the water pollution index and weredesignated as the “source” landscape categories, while forests, grasslands, and water bodies, which were negatively correlated with water pollution, were the “sink” landscapes; the LWCI was high in 36.94% of the study area. In these areas, measures such as increasing vegetation buffer zones are necessary to decrease the sediment and nutrient loads carried by precipitation.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Contribution of Agricultural and Urban Non-Point Source Pollutant Loads in Watershed with Urban Agglomeration

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Min Zong ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Nps Pollution

Urban agglomeration is a new characteristic of the Chinese urbanization process, and most of the urban agglomeration is located in the same watershed. Thus, urban non-point source (NPS) pollution, especially the characteristic pollutants in urban areas, aggravates NPS pollution at the watershed scale. Many agricultural studies have been performed at the watershed scale; however, few studies have provided a study framework for estimating the urban NPS pollution in an urban catchment. In this study, an integrated approach for estimating agricultural and urban NPS pollution in an urban agglomeration watershed was proposed by coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the event mean concentration (EMC) method and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The Hun-Taizi River watershed, which contains a typical urban agglomeration and is located in northeastern China, was chosen as the study case. The results indicated that the per unit areas of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the built-up area simulated by the EMC method were 11.9% and 23 times higher than the values simulated by the SWAT. The SWAT greatly underestimated the nutrient yield in the built-up area. This integrated method could provide guidance for water environment management plans considering agricultural and urban NPS pollution in an urban catchment.

Application of a constructed wetland for non-point source pollution control

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Kao ◽  
J.Y. Wang ◽  
H.Y. Lee ◽  
C.K. Wen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Wetland System

In Taiwan, non-point source (NPS) pollution is one of the major causes of impairment of surface waters. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using constructed wetlands on NPS pollutant removal and water quality improvements. A field-scale constructed wetland system was built inside the campus of National Sun Yat-Sen University (located in southern Taiwan) to remove (1) NPS pollutants due to the stormwater runoff, and (2) part of the untreated wastewater from school drains. The constructed wetland was 40 m (L) × 30 m (W) × 1 m (D), which received approximately 85 m3 per day of untreated wastewater from school drainage pipes. The plants grown on the wetland included floating (Pistia stratiotes L.) and emergent (Phragmites communis L.) species. One major storm event and baseline water quality samples were analyzed during the monitoring period. Analytical results indicate that the constructed wetland removed a significant amount of NPS pollutants and wastewater constituents. More than 88% of nitrogen, 81% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 85% of heavy metals, and 60% of the total suspended solids (TSS) caused by the storm runoff were removed by the wetland system before discharging. Results from this study may be applied to the design of constructed wetlands for NPS pollution control and water quality improvement.

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