scholarly journals Accounting for Dissolved Organic Nutrients in an SPBEM-2 Model: Validation and Verification

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Alexey Isaev ◽  
Oksana Vladimirova ◽  
Tatjana Eremina ◽  
Vladimir Ryabchenko ◽  
Oleg Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Modern models of the Baltic Sea eutrophication describe only a bioavailable fraction of the nutrient input from land, thus introducing uncertainty into forcing. In order to alleviate this uncertainty, the coupled 3D hydrodynamical-biogeochemical St. Petersburg Eutrophication Model (SPBEM) has been expanded with variables representing dissolved organic nutrients. The model modification involves an explicit description of the labile and refractory fractions of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus, in addition to their particulate forms, represented by the detritus variables. The modified SPBEM-2 allows for a full account of the total amounts of nutrients reported in field measurements and presented in environmental documents. Particularly, a model description of detritus, as the only bulk organic matter variable, has been replaced by more realistic parameterizations with adequate rates of settling and mineralization. The extensive validation and verification of the model performance in the Gulf of Finland from 2009 to 2014, based on over 4000 oceanographic stations, shows that SPBEM-2 plausibly reproduces all the major large-scale features and phenomena of the ecosystem dynamics in the Gulf of Finland, especially in its surface productive layer. These demonstrated capabilities of SPBEM-2 make the model a useful tool, both in studies of biogeochemical interactions and in historical and scenario simulations.

Modelling dissolved organic nutrients in the Gulf of Finland: eliminating an uncertainty in boundary conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Isaev ◽  
Oksana Vladimirova ◽  
Tatjana Eremina ◽  
Vladimir Ryabchenko ◽  
Oleg Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Nutrient Amounts ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

<p><span><span>The St. Petersburg model of eutrophication (SPBEM) has been modified with an explicit description of the total amounts of organic nutrients, including both dissolved and particulate forms [1, 2]. This modification allows total nutrient amounts to be fully taken into account as reported in field measurements and presented in environmental documents, thereby eliminating one of the important sources of uncertainty in boundary conditions [3]. </span></span></p><p><span>The SPBEM-2 model was validated and verified in the Gulf of Finland using data from more than 4,000 oceanographic stations for the period from 2009 to 2014. This results showed that the presented version of SPBEM-2 is able to plausibly reproduce all the main large-scale features and phenomena of the dynamics of nutrients in the Gulf of Finland, especially in its productive layer, which, for hypsographic reasons, contains and transforms the main reserves of nutrients.</span></p><p><span>Expansion of SPBEM-2 with dissolved organic nutrients makes it possible to fully take into account the loads on the land in both historical and scenario modelling, thereby reducing the uncertainty of impact.</span></p><p><span><span><strong>Acknowledgements</strong>:</span> <span>The authors A.I. and V.R. conducted the present study within the framework of the state assignment (theme No. </span><span>0128-2021-0014</span><span>).</span><span>The authors O.V. and T.E. were supported by the Government Target Project N FSZU</span>-2020-0009<span> of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The author O.S. from the Baltic Nest Institute was supported by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management through their grant 1:11—Measures for the marine and water environment.</span></span></p><p><strong><span>References</span></strong></p><p><span>1. Vladimirova O. M., Eremina T. R., Isaev A. V., Ryabchenko V. A., Savchuk O. P. </span><span>Modelling dissolved organic nutrients in the Gulf of Finland. Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Gidrofizika. 2018, 11, 4, </span><span>90—101. doi: 10.7868/S2073667318040111. </span></p><p><span>2. Isaev A, Vladimirova O, Eremina T, Ryabchenko V, Savchuk O. Accounting for Dissolved Organic Nutrients in an SPBEM-2 Model: Validation and Verification. </span><em><span>Water</span></em><span>. 2020; 12(5):1307. </span></p><p><span>3. Meier H.E.M., Edman M., Eilola K., et al. Assessment of Uncertainties in Scenario Simulations of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Baltic Sea. Front. Mar. Sci., 04 March 2019, Vol.6, Article 46. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00046 </span></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Architecture of modern coastal development. Saint Petersburg realias and experience of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05022
Author(s):  
Fedor Perov ◽  
Leonid Lavrov ◽  
Aleksandra Eremeeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
City Center ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The City ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Results of the first stage of territory development in the Gulf of Finland near the western coast of Vasilyevsky Island in Saint Petersburg are rated unsatisfactory. Results in the field of aesthetics, ecology, social stability and functional arrangement of the urban environment on new lands are negative. According to the analysis of experience in coastal areas' reconstruction in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg, ambitious goals that were set for the project in Saint Petersburg were not achieved due to defects of the urban planning system — there was no centralized project management, activities of contractors, who neglected exclusive potential of the coastal area and its proximity to the historical core of the city, were insufficiently coordinated and controlled. It is argued that this is due to inertia of the Saint Petersburg design and construction system. During many years, it was focused on large-scale residential development of vast peripheral territories and, therefore, it was not capable to resolve issues related to development of highly urbanized environment in the city center. Omissions made during construction of a highway through the residential area are identified. The highway design does not provide reliable protection against negative impact on residential quarters. The route of the highway was designed as a bypass of the city center, but it became the shortest route to the center. It is noted that further development will offer opportunities for partial correction of the errors made. The new management team of the city architectural services considers the territory perspective for expansion of the Saint Petersburg center towards the water area of the Gulf of Finland.

Saint Petersburg Flood Protection Dam as Tool to Solve the Environmental Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Ludmila Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Neva Bay

The paper grounds the necessity to conduct the large-scale field experiment on manoeuvring with the floodgates of Saint Petersburg Flood Protection Complex (FPC). The paper presents the results of I-stage experiment and the program of II-stage experiment. The aim of the experiment is the verification of the possibility to manage the hydrological, sanitary and ecological state of the Neva Bay and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic sea by means of manoeuvring with Flood Protection Complex floodgates. In order to develop the program of field experiment implementation it was necessary to assess the sanitary and ecological state of water ecosystem under present conditions. The assessment was based on monitoring data concerning the certain priority parameters obtained from the selected representative measuring points. On the basis of the analysis of water quality and the state of the Neva Bay and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland the scheme for manoeuvring with floodgates of the FPC together with the sequence of order of their opening and closing was developed. Recommendations regarding the conditions and terms of conducting the experiment were developed.

scholarly journals A new model of the coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in the terrestrial biosphere (QUINCY v1.0; revision 1996)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4781-4802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Thum ◽  
Silvia Caldararu ◽  
Jan Engel ◽  
Melanie Kern ◽  
Marleen Pallandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
New Model ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract. The dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by the coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and these cycles are strongly dependent on the availability of water and energy. These interactions shape future terrestrial biosphere responses to global change. Here, we present a new terrestrial ecosystem model, QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which has been designed from scratch to allow for a seamless integration of the fully coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles with each other and also with processes affecting the energy and water balances in terrestrial ecosystems. This new model includes (i) a representation of plant growth which separates source (e.g. photosynthesis) and sink (growth rate of individual tissues, constrained by temperature and the availability of water and nutrients) processes; (ii) the acclimation of many ecophysiological processes to meteorological conditions and/or nutrient availability; (iii) an explicit representation of vertical soil processes to separate litter and soil organic matter dynamics; (iv) a range of new diagnostics (leaf chlorophyll content; 13C, 14C, and 15N isotope tracers) to allow for a more in-depth model evaluation. In this paper, we present the model structure and provide an assessment of its performance against a range of observations from global-scale ecosystem monitoring networks. We demonstrate that QUINCY v1.0 is capable of simulating ecosystem dynamics across a wide climate gradient, as well as across different plant functional types. We further provide an assessment of the sensitivity of key model predictions to the model's parameterisation. This work lays the ground for future studies to test individual process hypotheses using the QUINCY v1.0 framework in the light of ecosystem manipulation observations, as well as global applications to investigate the large-scale consequences of nutrient-cycle interactions for projections of terrestrial biosphere dynamics.

Zooplankton of Koporskaya Bay of the Gulf of Finland in the Zone of the Influence of the Leningrad NPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
M. Ye. Makushenko ◽  
D. V. Kulakov ◽  
Ye. A. Vereshchagina
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Characteristics and Structure of the Cumulonimbus Cloud with Waterspout over the Gulf of Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
V. B. Popov ◽  
A. A. Sin’kevich ◽  
J. Yang ◽  
Yu. P. Mikhailovskii ◽  
M. L. Toropova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Cumulonimbus Cloud
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