scholarly journals Prison primary care and non-communicable diseases: a data-linkage survey of prevalence and associated risk factors

BJGP Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen19X101643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nat MJ Wright ◽  
Philippa Hearty ◽  
Victoria Allgar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Clinical Records

BackgroundThe size and mean age of the prison population has increased rapidly in recent years. Prisoners are a vulnerable group who, compared with the general population, experience poorer health outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research quantifying the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among prisoner populations.AimTo explore both the prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors.Design & settingA cross-sectional survey was undertaken that was compared with clinical records in two male prisons in the north of England.MethodSelf-report surveys were completed by 199 prisoners to assess sociodemographic characteristics, general health, NCD prevalence, and risk factor prevalence. Data were checked against that retrieved from prison clinical records.ResultsIt was found that 46% reported at least one NCD and 26% reported at least one physical health NCD. The most common self-reported NCD was 'anxiety and depression' (34%), followed by 'respiratory disease' (17%), and 'hypertension' (10%). Having a physical health NCD was independently associated with increasing age or drug dependence.The level of agreement between clinical records and self-report ranged from 'fair' for alcohol dependence (kappa 0.38; P<0.001) to 'very good' for diabetes (kappa 0.86; P<0.001).ConclusionCompared with mainstream populations and despite high prevalence of risk factors for NCDs physical illness NCDs, with the exception of respiratory disease, are less common. However, poor mental health is more common. These differences are possibly owing to the younger average age of prison populations, since prevalence of risk factors was reported as high.Secondary data analysis of clinical records is a more methodologically robust way of monitoring trends in prisoner population disease prevalence.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and comorbidities in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin Biswas ◽  
Nick Townsend ◽  
Md Saimul Islam ◽  
Md Rajibul Islam ◽  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence and distribution in the comorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the adult population in Bangladesh by measures of socioeconomic status (SES).DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 data.ParticipantsTotal 8763 individuals aged ≥35 years were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity. The study further assesses factors (in particular SES) associated with these comorbidities (DM, HTN and overweight/obesity).ResultsOf 8763 adults,12% had DM, 27% HTN and 22% were overweight/obese (body mass index ≥23 kg/m2). Just over 1% of the sample had all three conditions, 3% had both DM and HTN, 3% DM and overweight/obesity and 7% HTN and overweight/obesity. DM, HTN and overweight/obesity were more prevalent those who had higher education, were non-manual workers, were in the richer to richest SES and lived in urban settings. Individuals in higher SES groups were also more likely to suffer from comorbidities. In the multivariable analysis, it was found that individual belonging to the richest wealth quintile had the highest odds of having HTN (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.72), DM (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.14) and overweight/obesity (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.32 to 5.57).ConclusionsIn contrast to more affluent countries, individuals with NCDs risk factors and comorbidities are more common in higher SES individuals. Public health approaches must consider this social patterning in tackling NCDs in the country.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Kiran Prakash K. ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Accounting for around 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors in Vijayawada.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on allopathic practicing doctors who were working in the various Hospitals, clinics, Nursing Homes within the corporation limits of Vijayawada city.Results: Out of the 720 study subjects, 498 doctors (69.2%) were males and 222 doctors (30.8%) were females. majority of the doctors 515 (71.5%) were with educational qualification of master degrees (MS/MD/MDS). Doctors in clinical specialty are more 565 (78.5%) compared with non-clinical 133 (18.4%) and dental 22 (3.1%). With regarding working sector, nearly one third of doctors were working in private sector 532 (73.9%).Conclusions: Because of more exposure to unhealthy life styles like smoking, alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits like high intake of salt, inadequate use of fruits and vegetables, oil fries and by leading a sedentary life and high risk factors like overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes a large number of the doctor’s population were at increased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. 

scholarly journals A study on non-communicable diseases, it’s prevalence on anthropometric and behavioural risk factors on tribal population of Raigad district: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Jyoti Ajit Parle ◽  
Manali N. Yadav ◽  
Kishor Raut
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing at an alarming rate due to lifestyle modifications and increased level of stress but the prevalence of it in tribal population is still lacking. Thus, the study aimed at identifying the risk factors for non-communicable diseases among healthy adults aged 16-80 years in the tribal population of Raigad district.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with 920 individuals aged 16-80 years of tribal population. Each subject was interviewed using the WHO stepwise questionnaire; where information on diet, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol, and treatment history for hypertension and diabetes were collected along with blood pressure (BP) measurement. Height, weight and waist circumference were also measured.Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Moderate prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco was observed in the tribal areas targeted with the number of smokers being more than the users of smokeless tobacco. Consumption of alcohol was seen in half of the population in the age group of 16-50 years. Low consumption of fruits and vegetables was seen across all the age groups. Most of the target population falls under the normal BMI category while a fewer population falls under the overweight category.Conclusions: High prevalence of behavioural risk factors were found with awareness about NCD’s was found to be alarmingly low among the tribal population. Prevention of NCD’s through detection of risk factor can control the spread of non-communicable diseases, and will help in identifying earlier with its detection and treatment same as communicable diseases.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Survey on Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors in the Senegalese Army

Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (14) ◽  
pp. 1529-1541
Author(s):  
Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye ◽  
Alioune Badara Tall ◽  
Boubacar Gueye ◽  
Ibrahima Soce Fall ◽  
Sidy Mouhamed Seck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Risk factor profile for non-communicable diseases: findings of a STEPS survey from urban settlement of Bangalore

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Abdussattar . ◽  
Malik Itrat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Steps Survey ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Control

Background: Increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across the globe is largely due to the rise in prevalence of various risk factors. These risk factors are measurable and largely modifiable. Quantifying the present levels of risk factors exposure in a community is helpful in predicting the future risk and driving the public health policy for prevention and control of NCDs. Keeping this in mind, present study was planned to estimate the prevalence of NCDs risk factors in an urban settlement of Bangalore.Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey was done with 600 individuals aged 15-64 years in Hegganahalli locality of Bangalore city from April to October 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was applied to obtain the desired sample size. Information on NCD risk factors was collected by using STEPS questionnaire.Results: Tobacco and alcohol consumption was observed in 27.2% and 11.8% of respondents respectively. Low level of physical activity was recorded among 14.8% and inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetable was observed among all the respondents. Prevalence of general and central obesity in the study population was found to be 30.7% and 12.8% respectively. Hypertension was prevalent among 35.5% respondents.Conclusions: High prevalence of NCD risk factors was observed among the study population that needs to be addressed through a comprehensive approach with due emphasis on preventive care in order to make ‘healthy living’ a social norm.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors among Final Year Students in a Tertiary Institution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. K. Ghazali ◽  
F. A. Ayeni ◽  
D. E. Effiong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Related

Background and Objective: Chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly emerging as leading causes of morbidity and premature mortalities globally, with greater effect  being felt in low and middle income nations. As poor health behaviours practised in youthful years have been implicated in developing NCDs in later years in life, It is important to understand the level of awareness of young people regarding NCDs in order to remedy any knowledge gaps and encourage healthy practices among them that will reduce the burden  of these diseases in later life. This  study  seeks  to  describe the knowledge of two groups of final year students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria on the awareness and knowledge of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey at the University of Lagos, Nigeria during the 2017/2018 academic session. A sample size of 422 final year students were used with convenient stratification. Self administered questionnaires was distributed to the class of  students who consented to participating in the study. The questionnaires were used to assess the level of awareness of the students of non communicable diseases and their risk factors. Data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A result of 94.7% was obtained. The results show 89.5% versus 65% of students in health related discipline (college of medicine campus) and those in Akoka campus respectively had good knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors while 10.5% versus 35% had poor knowledge. Conclusion: Students in the campus of college of medicine had more knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors. Campus location of students had statistically significant relationship with awareness and knowledge on NCDs. (p, <0.05).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and its Risk Factors among Ijegun-Isheri Osun Residents in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Oluwaseyidayo Idris ◽  
Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade ◽  
Ekow Adom Mensah ◽  
Noriko Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Epidemiologic Transition ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Lagos State

Abstract Background: The rapid epidemiologic transition of diseases has adverse implications for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria due to their limited healthcare, weaker health systems and the westernization of lifestyle. There is a need to evaluate the enormity or otherwise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden in such low resource settings. We performed this survey to determine the prevalence of NCDs and its risk factors among the Ijegun- Isheri Osun community residents of Lagos, Nigeria.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was performed on 215 respondents recruited consecutively during a population preventive health campaign. Prevalence of three NCDs (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia) were calculated. Associations between each of these NCDs and selected risk factors were determined using chi square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of each of the three NCDs.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 35.3% (95%CI 29.0-42.1), diabetes 4.6% (95%CI 2.2-8.4) and dyslipidaemia 47.1% (95%CI 41.1-54.8). Among the NCD risk factors, the prevalence of smoking was 41.3% (95%CI 34.2-48.6), alcohol consumption 72.5% (95% CI 65.5-78.7), and physical activity 52.9 (95%CI 45.5-60.2). The independent significant predictors of hypertension were age ≥60 years (aOR 4.56; 95%CI: 1.72-12.09) and dyslipidaemia (aOR 5.01; 95%CI: 2.26-11.13). Age ≥60 years (aOR 8.83; 95%CI: 1.88-41.55) was an independent predictor of diabetes. Age ≥60 years (aOR 29.32; 95%CI: 4.78-179.84), being employed (aOR 11.12; 95%CI: 3.10-39.92), smoking (aOR 2.34; 95%CI: 1.03-5.33) and physical activity (aOR 0.34; 95%CI: 0.15-0.76) were independent predictors of having dyslipidaemia.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia and their associated risk factors are high among the respondents of Ijegun-Isheri Osun community of Lagos state, Nigeria. This highlights the need for further implementation research and policy directions to tackle NCD burden in urban communities in Nigeria. These strategies must be community specific, prioritizing the various risk factors and addressing them accordingly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document