This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study known as “Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration Versus Intermittent Hemodialysis for Acute Renal Failure in Patients with Multiple-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.” Does continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) have a survival benefit compared with intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) for the treatment of acute renal failure in critically ill patients? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.