Faculty Opinions recommendation of Visual attention in a complex search task differs between honeybees and bumblebees.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Rosa ◽  
Adrian Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Search Task

scholarly journals Changes in the Spatial Distribution of Visual Attention after Early Deafness

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Proksch ◽  
Daphne Bavelier
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Auditory Deprivation ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Visual Skills ◽  
Visual Tasks

There is much anecdotal suggestion of improved visual skills in congenitally deaf individuals. However, this claim has only been met by mixed results from careful investigations of visual skills in deaf individuals. Psychophysical assessments of visual functions have failed, for the most part, to validate the view of enhanced visual skills after deafness. Only a few studies have shown an advantage for deaf individuals in visual tasks. Interestingly, all of these studies share the requirement that participants process visual information in their peripheral visual field under demanding conditions of attention. This work has led us to propose that congenital auditory deprivation alters the gradient of visual attention from central to peripheral field by enhancing peripheral processing. This hypothesis was tested by adapting a search task from Lavie and colleagues in which the interference from distracting information on the search task provides a measure of attentional resources. These authors have established that during an easy central search for a target, any surplus attention remaining will involuntarily process a peripheral distractor that the subject has been instructed to ignore. Attentional resources can be measured by adjusting the difficulty of the search task to the point at which no surplus resources are available for the distractor. Through modification of this paradigm, central and peripheral attentional resources were compared in deaf and hearing individuals. Deaf individuals possessed greater attentional resources in the periphery but less in the center when compared to hearing individuals. Furthermore, based on results from native hearing signers, it was shown that sign language alone could not be responsible for these changes. We conclude that auditory deprivation from birth leads to compensatory changes within the visual system that enhance attentional processing of the peripheral visual field.

Grapheme–Color Synesthesia Influences Overt Visual Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. A. Carriere ◽  
Daniel Eaton ◽  
Michael G. Reynolds ◽  
Mike J. Dixon ◽  
Daniel Smilek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Colored Target

For individuals with grapheme–color synesthesia, achromatic letters and digits elicit vivid perceptual experiences of color. We report two experiments that evaluate whether synesthesia influences overt visual attention. In these experiments, two grapheme–color synesthetes viewed colored letters while their eye movements were monitored. Letters were presented in colors that were either congruent or incongruent with the synesthetes' colors. Eye tracking analysis showed that synesthetes exhibited a color congruity bias—a propensity to fixate congruently colored letters more often and for longer durations than incongruently colored letters—in a naturalistic free-viewing task. In a more structured visual search task, this congruity bias caused synesthetes to rapidly fixate and identify congruently colored target letters, but led to problems in identifying incongruently colored target letters. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for perception in synesthesia.

scholarly journals Recoding between Two Types of STM Representation Revealed by the Dynamics of Memory Search

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Leszczyński ◽  
Nicholas E. Myers ◽  
Elkan G. Akyürek ◽  
Anna Schubö
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Verbal Representation ◽  
Verbal Recall ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
Stored Information

Visual STM (VSTM) is thought to be related to visual attention in several ways. Attention controls access to VSTM during memory encoding and plays a role in the maintenance of stored information by strengthening memorized content. We investigated the involvement of visual attention in recall from VSTM. In two experiments, we measured electrophysiological markers of attention in a memory search task with varying intervals between VSTM encoding and recall, and so we were able to track recoding of representations in memory. Results confirmed the involvement of attention in VSTM recall. However, the amplitude of the N2pc and N3rs components, which mark orienting of attention and search within VSTM, decreased as a function of delay. Conversely, the amplitude of the P3 and sustained posterior contralateral negativity components increased as a function of delay, effectively the opposite of the N2pc and N3rs modulations. These effects were only observed when verbal memory was not taxed. Thus, the results suggested that gradual recoding from visuospatial orienting of attention into verbal recall mechanisms takes place from short to long retention intervals. Interestingly, recall at longer delays was faster than at short delays, indicating that verbal representation is coupled with faster responses. These results extend the orienting-of-attention hypothesis by including an account of representational recoding during short-term consolidation and its consequences for recall from VSTM.

Not Just Language: Persisting Lateralized Visuospatial Impairment after Left Hemisphere Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Schendel ◽  
Nina F. Dronkers ◽  
And U. Turken
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Hemisphere Stroke

AbstractObjectives: Imbalances in spatial attention are most often associated with right hemisphere brain injury. This report assessed 25 chronic left hemisphere stroke patients for attentional bias. Methods: Participants were evaluated with a computerized visual search task and a standardized neuropsychological assessment known as the Behavioral Inattention Test (BITC). Twenty age-matched controls were also tested. Results: Although little to no attentional impairment was observed on the BITC, the computerized visual search task revealed statistically significant contralesional attentional impairment in the left hemisphere stroke group. Specifically, these participants required 208 ms more viewing time, on average, to reliably detect visual targets on the right side of the display compared to detection on the left side, while controls showed a difference of only 8 ms between the two sides. Conclusions: The observation of significant leftward visuospatial bias in this chronic stroke group provides further evidence that the left hemisphere also plays a role in the balance of visual attention across space. These results have implications for left hemisphere patients who are often not screened for visuospatial problems, as well as for theories of visual attention which have primarily emphasized the role of the right hemisphere. (JINS, 2016, 22, 695–704)

scholarly journals Microsaccades and Exploratory Saccades in a Naturalistic Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Benedetto ◽  
Marco Pedrotti ◽  
Bruce Bridgeman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Naturalistic Environment ◽  
Electronic Display ◽  
Change Task

Microsaccades, small saccadic eye movements made during fixation, might accompany shifts of visual attention, serve to refresh the retinal image, or have some other function. We tested the relative importance of these functions by recording exploratory saccades and microsaccades with a free head during a lane-change task in a simulated driving environment, accompanied by a simultaneous visual search task in which drivers searched for a target among similar distractors on a panel to the driver's right where an electronic display would normally be located. After training, observers performed a baseline run with the lane-change task only, followed by four dual-task runs and a final control run. In the dual-task condition, where more visual attention shifts occur, we found a significantly increased frequency of microsaccades along with an even larger increase in frequency of large exploratory saccades. However the proportion of microsaccades significantly decreased in the dual task, consistent with the idea of a common neurological origin for microsaccades and exploratory saccades.

scholarly journals Visual Attention in The Fovea and The Periphery during Visual Search

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xiaocang Zhu ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Hossein Esteky ◽  
Yonghong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Common View ◽  
Serial Process ◽  
Feature Attention ◽  
Task Feature

Visual search depends on both the foveal and peripheral visual system, yet the foveal attention mechanisms is still lack of insights. We simultaneously recorded the foveal and peripheral activities in V4, IT and LPFC, while monkeys performed a category-based visual search task. Feature attention enhanced responses of Face-selective, House-selective, and Non-selective foveal cells in visual cortex. While foveal attention effects appeared no matter the peripheral attention effects, paying attention to the foveal stimulus dissipated the peripheral feature attentional effects, and delayed the peripheral spatial attentional effects. When target features appeared both in the foveal and the peripheral, feature attention effects seemed to occur predominately in the foveal, which might not distribute across the visual field according to common view of distributed feature attention effects. As a result, the parallel attentive process seemed to occur during distractor fixations, while the serial process predominated during target fixations in visual search.

scholarly journals Two variations of a novel search task to investigate the nature and limits of the distribution of visual attention

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-736
Author(s):  
J. Gobell ◽  
C.-h. Tseng ◽  
G. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Search Task

The Effects of Visual Discomfort and Pattern Structure on Visual Search

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Conlon ◽  
William Lovegrove ◽  
Trevor Hine ◽  
Eugene Chekaluk ◽  
Kerry Piatek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Pattern Structure ◽  
Global And Local

Unpleasant somatic and perceptual side effects can be induced when viewing striped repetitive patterns, such as a square wave or a page of text. This sensitivity is greater in participants with higher scores on a scale of visual discomfort. In three experiments the effect that this sensitivity has on performance efficiency in a reading-like visual search task was investigated. In experiments 1 and 2, the ‘global’ structure of the patterns was manipulated to produce a square-wave, a checkerboard, and a plaid pattern. It was found that the group that suffered severe visual discomfort took significantly longer than other groups to perform the task, with interference greatest with presentation of the square-wave-like pattern. This supports the prediction of greatest distraction of visual attention from the local target elements with presentation of the pattern structure inducing greatest visual discomfort. In experiment 3, the internal pattern components were manipulated and task difficulty reduced. A no-interference and two interference patterns, one with a global characteristic only and the second made up of distracting line elements, containing global and local components were used. The global pattern structure produced interference effects on the visual-search task. All groups performed with the same speed and accuracy on the task involving the no-interference pattern, a finding attributed to reduced task difficulty McConkie and Zola's model of visual attention was used to explain these results.

scholarly journals The object as the unit of interaction between visual working memory and visual attention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litian Chen ◽  
Jiewei Zheng ◽  
Mengjiao ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
mowed shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Matching Color

This study aimed to determine the unit of interaction between visual working memory (VWM) and attention. Therefore, we examined two opposing hypotheses: (a) the unit of interaction is a Boolean map, which is a data format that can contain only one within-dimension feature (e.g., “red” or “circle”; Boolean-map-unit hypothesis); and (b) the unit of interaction is an object (object-unit hypothesis). In two experiments, participants held in their VWM two colors from either one or two objects, or one color, and then performed a search task that sometimes contained a distractor with a memory-matching color. The results showed that the attentional capture by two different colors encoded from one integrated object was equivalent to that of a single color, and was much stronger than that of two colors from separate objects, which supports the object-unit hypothesis. These findings have crucial implications for understanding the architecture of interaction between VWM and attention.

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