Faculty Opinions recommendation of Designer receptor manipulations reveal a role of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in isoflurane general anesthesia.

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Leung ◽  
Tao Luo
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Noradrenergic System

scholarly journals Designer receptor manipulations reveal a role of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in isoflurane general anesthesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 3859-3864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. Vazey ◽  
Gary Aston-Jones
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Eeg Activation ◽  
Eeg Power

Mechanisms driving emergence from general anesthesia are not well understood. The noradrenergic brain nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) modulates arousal and may have effects on general anesthetic state. Using virally delivered designer receptors to specifically control LC norepinephrine (NE) neurons, we investigated the causal relationship between LC-NE activity and general anesthetic state under isoflurane. Selective activation of LC-NE neurons produced cortical electroencephalography (EEG) activation under continuous deep isoflurane anesthesia. Specifically, LC-NE activation reduced burst suppression in EEG and drove a rightward shift in peak EEG frequency with reduced δ EEG power and increased θ EEG power, measures of cortical arousal. LC-NE activation also accelerated behavioral emergence from deep isoflurane anesthesia; this was prevented with β or α1 noradrenergic antagonists. Moreover, these adrenoreceptor antagonists alone were sufficient to markedly potentiate anesthetic duration when delivered centrally or peripherally. Induction of anesthesia also was retarded by LC-NE activation. Our results demonstrate that the LC-NE system strongly modulates the anesthetic state, and that changes in LC-NE neurotransmission alone can affect the emergence from isoflurane general anesthesia. Taken together, these findings extend our understanding of mechanisms underlying general anesthesia and cortical arousal, and have significant implications for optimizing the clinical safety and management of general anesthesia.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for 2 Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age 3 and Disease: An MRI Structural Study for the Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Neuroimaging Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Raffaele Giuliano Plini ◽  
Erik O'Hanlon ◽  
Rory Boyle ◽  
Francesca Sibilia ◽  
Gaia Rikhye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Brain Maintenance

The noradrenergic theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the upregulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the Brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test the above-mentioned theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer’s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC volume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD – an objective measure which compares an individual’s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual’s age). Further analyses were carried out on Reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored along with gender differences. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic (NA) hypothesis. The antithetic relationships were also tested across the neuromodulatory subcortical systems.Results supported by bayesian modelling showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance across the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on the noradrenergic system (e.g. cognitive-attentive training, physical exercise, pharmacological and dietary interventions) may yield important clinical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for 2 Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age 3 and Disease: An MRI Structural Study for the Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Neuroimaging Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Raffaele Giuliano Plini ◽  
Erik O'Hanlon ◽  
Rory Boyle ◽  
Francesca Sibilia ◽  
Gaia Rikhye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Brain Maintenance

The noradrenergic theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the upregulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the Brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test the above-mentioned theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer’s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC volume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD – an objective measure which compares an individual’s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual’s age). Further analyses were carried out on Reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored along with gender differences. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic (NA) hypothesis. The antithetic relationships were also tested across the neuromodulatory subcortical systems.Results supported by bayesian modelling showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance across the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on the noradrenergic system (e.g. cognitive-attentive training, physical exercise, pharmacological and dietary interventions) may yield important clinical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.

scholarly journals The role of the descending noradrenergic system derived from the nucleus locus coeruleus in vesical function

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Naoki Yoshimura ◽  
Yukihiro Ohno ◽  
Masashi Sasa ◽  
Shuji Takaori
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Noradrenergic System

scholarly journals New Insights into the Role of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic System in Memory and Perception Dysfunction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
O. Eschenko ◽  
P. B. Mello-Carpes ◽  
N. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Noradrenergic System

scholarly journals Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An MRI Structural Study On the Adni Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Raffaele Giuliano Plini ◽  
Erik O'Hanlon ◽  
Rory Boyle ◽  
Francesca Sibilia ◽  
Gaia Rikhye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Brain Maintenance

The Noradrenergic Theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the up-regulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test this theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 Controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer’s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC vol-ume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD – a measure which compares an individual’s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual’s age). Further analyses were carried out on reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic hypothesis. Results showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on upregulation of the noradrenergic system (e.g. attention training, physical exercise and pharmacological intervention) may yield important clin-ical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.

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