Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s
immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired
antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis,
systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like
Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and
brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable
pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted
targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes,
niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated
exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases.
These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less
immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs
to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with
physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and
can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of
various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage
regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and
prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.