Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnn Manson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk

scholarly journals Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk

JAMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (22) ◽  
pp. 2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Nicholls ◽  
A. Michael Lincoff ◽  
Michelle Garcia ◽  
Dianna Bash ◽  
Christie M. Ballantyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk

scholarly journals Long chain omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S201-S213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Delgado-Lista ◽  
Pablo Perez-Martinez ◽  
Jose Lopez-Miranda ◽  
Francisco Perez-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Events

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease remains the commonest health problem in developed countries, and residual risk after implementing all current therapies is still high. The use of marine omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) has been recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk by multiple mechanisms. Objectives: To update the current evidence on the influence of omega-3 on the rate of cardiovascular events. Review Methods: We used the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify clinical trials and randomized controlled trials of omega-3 fatty acids (with quantified quantities) either in capsules or in dietary intake, compared to placebo or usual diet, equal to or longer than 6 months, and written in English. The primary outcome was a cardiovascular event of any kind and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiac death and coronary events. We used RevMan 5·1 (Mantel-Haenszel method). Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2and Chi2tests. We included 21 of the 452 pre-selected studies. Results: We found an overall decrease of risk of suffering a cardiovascular event of any kind of 10 % (OR 0·90; [0·85–0·96],p = 0·001), a 9 % decrease of risk of cardiac death (OR 0·91; [0·83–0·99];p = 0·03), a decrease of coronary events (fatal and non-fatal) of 18 % (OR 0·82; [0·75–0·90];p < 1 × 10− 4), and a trend to lower total mortality (5 % reduction of risk; OR 0·95; [0·89–1·02];p = 0·15. Most of the studies analyzed included persons with high cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: marine omega-3 fatty acids are effective in preventing cardiovascular events, cardiac death and coronary events, especially in persons with high cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Emerging Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Protection for the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Preston Mason ◽  
Peter Libby ◽  
Deepak L. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Residual Cardiovascular Risk

Patients with well-controlled LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels still have residual cardiovascular risk associated with elevated triglycerides. Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated fasting triglyceride levels associate independently with incident cardiovascular events, and abundant recent human genetic data support the causality of TGRLs (triglyceride-rich lipoproteins) in atherothrombosis. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lower blood triglyceride concentrations but likely exert additional atheroprotective properties at higher doses. Omega-3 fatty acids modulate T-cell differentiation and give rise to various prostaglandins and specialized proresolving lipid mediators that promote resolution of tissue injury and inflammation. The REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial) with an EPA-only formulation lowered a composite of cardiovascular events by 25% in patients with established cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors. This clinical benefit likely arises from multiple molecular mechanisms discussed in this review. Indeed, human plaques readily incorporate EPA, which may render them less likely to trigger clinical events. EPA and DHA differ in their effects on membrane structure, rates of lipid oxidation, inflammatory biomarkers, and endothelial function as well as tissue distributions. Trials that have evaluated DHA-containing high-dose omega-3 fatty acids have thus far not shown the benefits of EPA alone demonstrated in REDUCE-IT. This review will consider the mechanistic evidence that helps to understand the potential mechanisms of benefit of EPA.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effect on Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk—Reply

JAMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (13) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Steven E. Nissen ◽  
A. Michael Lincoff ◽  
Stephen J. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events
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