Faculty Opinions recommendation of REST and stress resistance in the aging kidney.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Chade
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Aging Kidney

REST and Stress Resistance in the Aging Kidney

2021 ◽  
pp. ASN.2021020231
Author(s):  
Sato Magassa ◽  
Liviu Aron ◽  
Clément Hoguin ◽  
Bruce Yankner ◽  
Pierre Isnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
Neuronal Genes ◽  
Nephron Loss ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Aging Kidney

Background: Chronic kidney disease is associated with the loss of functional nephrons, leading to increased mechanical and metabolic stress in the remaining cells, particularly for cells constituting the filtration barrier, such as podocytes. The failure of podocytes to mount an adequate stress response can lead to further nephron loss and disease progression. However, the mechanisms that regulate this degenerative process in the kidney are unknown. Methods: We combined in vitro, in vivo, and organ-on-chip approaches to identify the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a repressor of neuronal genes during embryonic development, as a central regulator of podocyte adaptation to injury and aging. Results: Mice with a specific deletion of REST in podocytes exhibit albuminuria, podocyte apoptosis, and glomerulosclerosis during aging, and exhibit increased vulnerability to renal injury. This phenotype is mediated, in part, by effects of REST on the podocyte cytoskeleton that promote resistance to mechanical stressors and augment podocyte survival. Finally, REST expression is upregulated in human podocytes during aging, consistent with a conserved mechanism of stress resistance. Conclusions: These results suggest that REST protects the kidney from injury and degeneration during aging, with potentially important therapeutic implications.

Efficiency of β-glucan utilisation in fish culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4A) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Do Huu Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Sustainable Aquaculture ◽  
Major Benefit

In the last three decades aquaculture is a rapidly developing sector worldwide and antibiotics are used popularly as growth promoter. Antibiotic use was banned because research proved that antibiotic has caused many effects on environment and human health. Therefore, finding antibiotic alternatives is the first priority. The most prospect products today are probiotic and prebiotic. β-glucan is one of the immunostimulants which showed a variety of benefits to the health of many aquaculture species. In this paper only the results of β-glucan, a kind of prebiotic supplied in aquaculture, were summarized. The major benefit of β-glucan are to boost growth, to reduce mortality, to enhance tolerance or stress resistance to environmental or pathogen challenges. Although the applications of β-glucan are popular worldwide, its use in aquaculture in Vietnam is still limited. This paper provides an important reference for β-glucan utilisation which may help to develop a sustainable aquaculture in Vietnam.

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