scholarly journals Would the interference phenomenon be applied as an alternative option for prophylaxis against COVID-19?

Bioimpacts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Interference Phenomenon ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Viral Interference ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Primary Virus

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerged infectious disease characterized by a severe pneumonia leading to death in some cases. Currently, no licensed vaccines, drugs, or biologics have been confirmed to be absolutely effective in prophylaxis or treatment of this novel infection. Therefore, the treatment of this highly contagious disease remains a global concern and emergency. The viral interference is a competition phenomenon by which a primary virus infecting a cell prohibits the infection of the same cell by another (secondary) virus. The phenomenon has recently been indicated to be exploited for antiviral strategies. This strategy, particularly when there is no efficient drug against a viral infection, is of high importance. Some researchers have studied the application of the phenomenon among different viruses. In this paper, I discussed the possibility of the application of interference phenomenon in prophylaxis of the disease.

scholarly journals Point-of-Use Detection of Environmental Fluoride via a Cell-Free Riboswitch-Based Biosensor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Thavarajah ◽  
Adam D. Silverman ◽  
Matthew S. Verosloff ◽  
Nancy Kelley-Loughnane ◽  
Michael C. Jewett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Free System ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Regulatory Standard ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Dna Template

AbstractAdvances in biosensor engineering have enabled the design of programmable molecular systems to detect a range of pathogens, nucleic acids, and chemicals. Here, we engineer and field-test a biosensor for fluoride, a major groundwater contaminant of global concern. The sensor consists of a cell-free system containing a DNA template that encodes a fluoride-responsive riboswitch regulating genes that produce a fluorescent or colorimetric output. Individual reactions can be lyophilized for long-term storage and detect fluoride at levels above 2 parts per million, the EPA’s most stringent regulatory standard, in both laboratory and field conditions. Through onsite detection of fluoride in a real-world water source, this work provides a critical proof-of-principle for the future engineering of riboswitches and other biosensors to address challenges for global health and the environment.

Macular Dystrophy in Deafmutism

1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. François ◽  
F. Haustrate-Gosset ◽  
D. Donck
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Macular Dystrophy

SummaryMost of the cases of Amalric's pigmentary macular dystrophy associated with deafmutism seem to be due to a rubella or to another viral infection of the mother during pregnancy. This association can sometimes probably also be due to an infectious disease of the early childhood. Heredity seems to be a rather exceptional factor.

Viral Infection in Patients with Severe Pneumonia Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission

2012 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Choi ◽  
Sang-Bum Hong ◽  
Gwang-Beom Ko ◽  
Yumi Lee ◽  
Hyun Jung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Severe Pneumonia

scholarly journals Spectrum of Influenza B Viral Infection in Indian Children: A Tertiary Centre Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandesh Kini ◽  
Ramesh Bhat Y ◽  
Koushik Handattu ◽  
Phalguna Kousika ◽  
Chennakeshava Thunga
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction: Influenza viral infection in children can range from subclinical illness to multi system involvement. The morbidity associated with influenza B viral infection is often overlooked. India being the second most populous country, accounts for 20% of global childhood deaths from respiratory infections. There is paucity of data on the clinical features and complications of influenza B viral infections in children from the Indian subcontinent. Our objective was to study the clinical profile, seasonality, complications and outcome associated with Influenza B viral infection in children < 18 years of age. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Children less than 18 years of age admitted to our paediatric unit were included in the study. We reviewed the case sheets of 56 patients who tested positive for influenza B virus during the study period and recorded their clinical and laboratory data. Throat swab obtained from cases were tested by RT-PCR. The illness was classified as upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia and severe pneumonia. Outcome measures analysed were- mortality, need for oxygen supplementation or assisted ventilation, duration of oxygen support, duration of ICU/ hospital stay and time for defervescence following initiation of oseltamivir therapy. Results: The mean age of the study population was 6.98 years. Majority of the affected children were > 5 years of age in the school going category with a male to female ratio of 3:2. The diagnosis based on clinical and radiological findings included upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in 44 (78.5%) cases followed by pneumonia in 11(19.6%) and severe pneumonia in one (1.7%) child. The peak incidence was in the month of March. Malnutrition was the most common risk factor affecting 22 (39.3%) cases followed by history of asthma in eight (14.3%). Three children required oxygen supplementation at admission. The median duration of hospital stay was seven days. The median duration for defervescence following initiation of oseltamivir therapy was 24 hours. Mortality was recorded in one infant who died of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusions: Influenza B virus should be screened in all children having underlying high risk medical condition, presenting with pneumonia or upper respiratory tract infection. Oseltamivir therapy should be initiated early in the management of influenza B viral infections to prevent complications.

scholarly journals Pathways for transfer and spreading of Aujeszky’s disease to carnivora

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
Ivan Pusic ◽  
Bosiljka Djuricic ◽  
Sava Lazic ◽  
Radosla Dosen ◽  
Jasna Prodanov
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Aujeszky's Disease ◽  
Aujeszky’S Disease ◽  
Butcher Shops ◽  
Vojvodina Province

Aujeszky?s disease (Morbus Aujeszky) is an acute viral contagious disease occurring in a large number of domestic and wild animals. This epizootiological disease has been present in our country for quite some time now, and it has been increasingly frequently diagnosed in carnivora in the recent years. The objective of the investigations was to determine and establish the pathways for the transfer and the manner of spreading of the MA virus to carnivora. Epizootiological data on the appearance of MA, collected in the field, as well as an epizootiological report by the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture and of the Federal Ministry for Agriculture were used as material. Detailed epizootiological, clinical, pathomorphological, and laboratory analyses were performed in five critical spots for MA registered in the territory of Vojvodina province. We established the following pathways for the spread of the MA viral infection to carnivora: the consumption of thermally unprocessed swine carcasses, the consumption of thermally unprocessed pork originating from butcher shops or from regular slaughter on private farms, the consumption of viscera from emergency slaughtered sheep, cohabitation and contact with infected swine, and vaccination using a live vaccine contaminated with the MA virus.

scholarly journals Nanodiagnosis for Diagnosing COVID-19: a Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578-1582
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
World Population ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
The World

Nanotechnology is useful for many applications. The use of nanomaterials can help create new innovations that can be applied in several aspects, including medical aspects. In medicine, nanomedicine is the specific branch of nanoscience. Applied nanomedicine is useful for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of medical disorders. The applied nanomedicine for diagnosis, nanodiagnosis, is confirmed for its advantage. In the present day, COVID-19 is a newly emerging infectious disease that already causes pandemic worldwide. This new emerging respiratory viral infection caused the pandemic and affected more than 17 million of the world population and result in many deaths. The diagnosis of this new disease is a big challenge in medicine. Of several new attempts in diagnosis, nanotechnology is presently applied for diagnostic purposes in managing COVID-19. The applied nanodiagnosis for managing COVID-19 is an interest application of nanotechnology. In this short review, the authors discuss the applied nanodiagnosis for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Urgensi Pembentukan Aturan Terkait Pencegahan Covid-19 di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Dalinama Telaumbanua
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Health Regulations

Covid-19 is a contagious disease that has the potential to cause a public health emergency. Therefore, preventive measures against these types of infectious diseases are mandatory as soon as possible. Indonesia as a nation of law, the prevention of infectious diseases is mandatory to be formed in a rule or regulation. The urgency of forming rules related to the prevention of Covid-19 is obliged to be formed in government regulation and regulation of the Minister of Health because both regulations are the implementation rules of Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health. Based on the author's analysis, there are 5 government regulations that must be established in order to perform countermeasures and prevention of infectious disease threats such as Covid-19 and there are 11 mandatory ministerial health regulations that are required to be established In anticipation of the Covid19 threat. Both types of regulations are very useful in anticipating health emergency that ultimately leads to the health of Indonesian people. It is expected that both of rules can be made immediately in order to give legal certainty in preventing the spread of Covid-19 widely. Keyword: Forming Rules, Management, Covid-19   Abstrak Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang berpotensi menimbulkan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, tindakan pencegahan terhadap jenis penyakit menular tersebut wajib dilakukan secepat mungkin. Indonesia sebagai negara hukum, maka pencegahan terhadap jenis penyakit menular tersebut wajib dibentuk dalam sebuah aturan atau regulasi. Urgensi pembentukan aturan terkait dengan pencegahan Covid-19 ini wajib dibentuk dalam Peraturan Pemerintah dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan karena kedua peraturan tersebut merupakan peraturan pelaksanaan daripada Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan. Berdasarkan analisis penulis, ada 5 Peraturan Pemerintah yang wajib dibentuk dalam rangka melakukan tindakan penanggulangan dan pencegahan ancaman penyakit yang mudah menular seperti Covid-19 dan ada 11 Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan terkait yang wajib dibentuk dalam rangka mengantisipasi ancaman Covid-19. Kedua jenis peraturan tersebut sangat berguna dalam hal mengantisipasi kedaruratan kesehatan yang pada akhirnya menjurus pada kekarantinaan kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Kiranya kedua jenis peraturan ini segera dibuat dalam rangka memberi kepastian hukum dalam mencegah menularnya Covid-19 secara meluas. Kata Kunci: Pembentukan Aturan, Penanggulangan, Covid-19

scholarly journals Triple contagion: a two-fears epidemic model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (181) ◽  
pp. 20210186
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Epstein ◽  
Erez Hatna ◽  
Jennifer Crodelle
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Disease Modelling ◽  
Behavioural Adaptation ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Behavioural Dynamics

We present a differential equations model in which contagious disease transmission is affected by contagious fear of the disease and contagious fear of the control, in this case vaccine. The three contagions are coupled. The two fears evolve and interact in ways that shape distancing behaviour, vaccine uptake, and their relaxation. These behavioural dynamics in turn can amplify or suppress disease transmission, which feeds back to affect behaviour. The model reveals several coupled contagion mechanisms for multiple epidemic waves. Methodologically, the paper advances infectious disease modelling by including human behavioural adaptation, drawing on the neuroscience of fear learning, extinction and transmission.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in COPD and IPF fibroblasts- the forgotten cell in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noof Aloufi ◽  
Hussein Traboulsi ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Gregory J Fonseca ◽  
Parameswaran Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
A Cell

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome leading to death in susceptible individuals. For those who recover, post-COVID-19 complications may include development of pulmonary fibrosis. Factors contributing to disease severity or development of complications is not known. Using computational analysis with experimental data, we report that IPF and COPD-derived lung fibroblasts express higher levels of ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and part of the renin-angiotensin system that is anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory. In preclinical models, we found that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, a risk factor for both COPD and IPF and potentially for SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly increased pulmonary ACE2 protein expression. Further studies are needed to understand the functional implications of ACE2 on lung fibroblasts, a cell type that thus far as received relatively little attention in the context of COVID-19.

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