scholarly journals Influence of bitumen type on cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures used in pavement overlays

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaskula ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski ◽  
Marcin Stienss
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Superpave Gyratory Compactor ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Propagation Properties ◽  
Selection Of

Cracking is one of the predominant distresses occurring in flexible pavements, especially in old pavements that were rehabilitated with an asphalt overlay. In such cases asphalt mixtures should be designed to ensure high resistance to reflective cracking because new asphalt layers are exposed to existing cracks of the old pavement. The nature of these cracks can be various (transverse, longitudinal as well as crazy cracking). One factor that minimizes this type of distress is the proper mix design process, which should involve selection of specific bitumen binder and mineral mix gradation. However, still there is no universally adopted laboratory test method that would allow to clearly assess resistance of asphalt mixtures to reflective cracking. This paper describes the usage of one of the devices developed to test asphalt mixtures in terms of such distress – Texas Overlay Tester. For this test, samples prepared in laboratory conditions (i.e. compacted with the use of Superpave Gyratory Compactor) as well as obtained in the field (by core drilling) can be used. The results are obtained not only quickly and easily, but also with sufficient repeatability. The described method characterizes both crack initiation and crack propagation properties of asphalt mixtures. In this work one type of mineral mixture was tested with 4 different types of bitumen (one neat bitumen, two ordinary polymer-modified and one polymer-modified with high polymer content). For selected cases extra additives (rubber and loose fibres) were also tested. In total, six asphalt mixtures were tested. A ranking of the used binders was created on the basis of the results in order to conclude which bitumen would ensure the best performance characteristics in terms of reflective cracking. The results have clearly shown that deliberate choice of the binder used in the asphalt mixture for the overlay will significantly improve its reflective cracking resistance or even fatigue resistance.

Tensile Properties of Asphalt Overlay Geosynthetic Reinforcement

1998 ◽  
Vol 1611 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Joel Sprague ◽  
Sam Allen ◽  
William Tribbett
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Strain Compatibility ◽  
Tensile Stiffness ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Asphalt Overlays ◽  
Crack Retardation ◽  
Selection Of

Paving fabrics have been used for many years to retard reflective cracking and to enhance waterproofing in asphalt overlays. More recently, higher-strength geosynthetics have been incorporated into asphalt overlays to provide an even higher level of crack retardation and, in some cases, waterproofing. The mechanisms that lead to the enhanced performance of reinforced overlays have been described and quantified, demonstrating that the tensile stiffness added by the reinforcement allows the crack energy to be intercepted and reoriented horizontally. Therefore, it is important to better define and more clearly specify the desired tensile stiffness and how it should be measured. A summary of overlay reinforcement theory is presented to demonstrate the importance of reinforcement tensile properties. The results of laboratory testing of various geosynthetics used for asphalt overlay reinforcement are presented. Three standard tests were compared, and consistency was not found among results. A commonly used wide-width test method (ASTM D4595) was used to characterize the full tensile behavior (force-elongation relationship) for three of the materials. These test results were used to evaluate stiffness. The selection of tensile properties with respect to material and crack orientation and asphalt strain compatibility is discussed.

Fatigue Experiments of Simulating Propagating Process of Reflective Cracking in Asphalt Concrete Overlays

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 1454-1460
Author(s):  
Ying Mei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Rigid Base ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Resistance Performance

In order to simulate reflective cracking of asphalt overlays or semi-rigid asphalt pavements in lab and evaluate the reflective crack resistance performance of with and without interlayer, a finite element analysis model based on the asphalt pavement, of which the semi-rigid base has cracked, is conducted and established through some basic assumptions in this paper. According to the results of pavement mechanical analysis and some literatures review, a laboratory reflective cracking simulation model was designed to compare the resistances of reflective cracking of different mixture samples. In order to compare the reflective cracking of different test samples, a dense grade asphalt mixture AC-20I with and without interlayer were used in the test. The results shows that asphalt mixture beams containing geotechnical fabrics can effectively delay the appearance of the reflective cracking at the bottom of the asphalt mixture beam and evidently reduce the propagation speed of reflective cracking while the beams containing geogrid can also hold back reflective cracking to a certain extent, but not as much as geotechnical fabrics did. It was proved that the model designed through finite element analysis (FEA) can simulate the reflective cracking caused by load and evaluate the reflective cracking resistance performance of different asphalt mixtures well and asphalt mixtures with fabrics can mitigate and delay reflective cracking effectively.

Highly Modified Asphalt Binder for Asphalt Crack Relief Mix

2017 ◽  
Vol 2630 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus S. Gaspar ◽  
Kamilla L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Amanda H. M. da Silva ◽  
Liedi L. B. Bernucci
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Reflective cracking is a common issue with respect to rehabilitated asphalt pavements, especially when the rehabilitation is done by applying a hot-mix asphalt overlay on the existing damaged pavement. Several approaches can be adopted to delay reflective cracking. They include an increase of the overlay thickness and the use of a stress relief asphalt mixture (SRAM), which is a fine-graded, flexible, and thin asphalt interlayer. Because the efficiency of a SRAM is highly related to the properties of the asphalt binder used in the mixture, it is of interest to use a highly modified asphalt (HiMA) binder. This paper describes a field test comprising three sections at BR-116 (a heavily trafficked highway in Brazil). One of the rehabilitation strategies used for a cracked asphalt pavement was a 2.5-cm SRAM (produced with a HiMA binder) and 5-cm styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) hot-mix asphalt (HMA). The other two strategies were to apply SBS HMA overlays of different thicknesses (7.5 cm and 10.5 cm). The aim was to evaluate and compare the capability of these solutions to control reflective cracking. Rheological properties and multiple stress creep and recovery tests were performed on the asphalt binders, and the semicircular bending test was performed on the asphalt mixtures. The surface conditions were monitored, and the results for each section were compared. After a 29-month period, the section that received the interlayer had the lowest cracked area and showed better resistance than the overlays did to reflective cracking and better maintenance of the original thickness of the pavement.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aging on the Cracking Resistance of Recycled Asphalt

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mohammadafzali ◽  
Hesham Ali ◽  
James A. Musselman ◽  
Gregory A. Sholar ◽  
Aidin Massahi
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Important Concern

Fatigue cracking is an important concern when a high percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used in an asphalt mixture. The aging of the asphalt binder reduces its ductility and makes the pavement more susceptible to cracking. Rejuvenators are often added to high-RAP mixtures to enhance their performance. The aging of a rejuvenated binder is different from virgin asphalt. Therefore, the effect of aging on a recycled asphalt mixture can be different from its effect on a new one. This study evaluated the cracking resistance of 100% recycled asphalt binders and mixtures and investigated the effect of aging on this performance parameter. The cracking resistance of the binder samples was tested by a Bending Beam Rheometer. An accelerated pavement weathering system was used to age the asphalt mixtures and their cracking resistance was evaluated by the Texas Overlay Test. The results from binder and mixture tests mutually indicated that rejuvenated asphalt has a significantly better cracking resistance than virgin asphalt. Rejuvenated mixtures generally aged more rapidly, and the rate of aging was different for different rejuvenators.

scholarly journals SGC Tests for Influence of Material Composition on Compaction Characteristic of Asphalt Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qun Chen ◽  
Yuzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Superpave Gyratory Compactor ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Gyratory Compaction ◽  
Compaction Characteristic ◽  
Mineral Powder ◽  
Compaction Performance ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Compaction characteristic of the surface layer asphalt mixture (13-type gradation mixture) was studied using Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) simulative compaction tests. Based on analysis of densification curve of gyratory compaction, influence rules of the contents of mineral aggregates of all sizes and asphalt on compaction characteristic of asphalt mixtures were obtained. SGC Tests show that, for the mixture with a bigger content of asphalt, its density increases faster, that there is an optimal amount of fine aggregates for optimal compaction and that an appropriate amount of mineral powder will improve workability of mixtures, but overmuch mineral powder will make mixtures dry and hard. Conclusions based on SGC tests can provide basis for how to adjust material composition for improving compaction performance of asphalt mixtures, and for the designed asphalt mixture, its compaction performance can be predicted through these conclusions, which also contributes to the choice of compaction schemes.

Research of Fractal Theory to AC-20 Asphalt Mixture Gradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 1411-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhi Dong ◽  
Hong Zhi Huo
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Volume ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Selection Of

AC-20 is a widely used in Expressway Close-Graded asphalt mixtures. Based on fractal theory, the fractal dimension range is defined by Marshall Test result analysis of gradation fractal dimension and the Marshall Test parameters. According to the gradation curve of fractal dimension and the degree of fitting, selection of Target Proportioning Design of asphalt mixture, gradation design, optimization test method for reducing test volume has certain guiding role.

Relationships among Chemistry, Rheology, and Fracture/Fatigue Performance of Recovered Asphalt Binders and Asphalt Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-938
Author(s):  
Peyman Barghabany ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Louay N. Mohammad ◽  
Samuel B. Cooper ◽  
Samuel B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Four Point Bending

Because of limited amounts of natural resources, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has gained popularity in the asphalt pavement industry to meet sustainability requirements in asphalt pavement. Concerns have been raised in relation to the intermediate temperature cracking performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intermediate temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures and recovered asphalt binders containing RAP. Seven plant-produced asphalt mixtures from three transportation agencies with various RAP contents and the extracted asphalt binders were evaluated with respect to intermediate temperature cracking resistance. Asphalt binder experiments included chemical and rheological characterization of recovered asphalt binders. Chemical characterization consisted of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and saturates/aromatics/resins/asphaltenes component analysis. Linear amplitude sweep and time sweep tests were also performed to characterize the rheological properties of asphalt binders. Asphalt mixture experiments included four-point bending beam fatigue and semi-circular bend tests. Results indicated that, as expected, asphalt mixtures with high RAP contents resulted in asphalt binders and mixtures with reduced cracking resistance. Relationships between the asphalt binder chemical and rheological parameters and asphalt mixture cracking resistance were also investigated. Asphalt binder rheological and chemical parameters were well correlated. Asphalt binder rheological parameters showed reasonable to strong relationships with the four-point bending beam fatigue test result. The work presented in this paper is part of FHWA Transportation Pooled Fund Project TPF-5(294) “Develop Mix Design and Analysis Procedure for Asphalt Mixtures Containing High RAP and/or RAS Contents.”

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance Characterization of Lignin-Modified Asphalt Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3324
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xuancang Wang ◽  
Guanyu Ji ◽  
Zhenyang Fan ◽  
Yuchen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wheel Loading

Lignin, as a bio-based waste, has been utilized in the asphalt industry due to various advantages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two lignin products (lignin powder and lignin fiber) on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. The raveling, rutting, thermal and fatigue cracking resistance, and moisture susceptibility of different asphalt mixtures were respectively evaluated by the Cantabro test, wheel loading tracking test, semicircular bending test, four-point beam bending test, and freezing-thaw cyclic test. Results show that asphalt mixture with lignin powder-modified asphalt improved the overall mechanical performance. However, lignin fiber showed contradictory effects on certain mechanical properties, i.e., improved rutting resistance and thermal cracking resistance of asphalt mixture, degraded abrasion resistance, fatigue performance, and moisture stability. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when incorporating lignin fiber into asphalt mixture.

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