SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals The productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems depending on agricultural practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Izida Ilyinskaya ◽  
Emma Gaevaya
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Preservation Of Fertility

Field experiments were carried out in the Rostov region on the slope of ordinary chernozems in the system of contour-strip organization of the territory in 2011-2020. The aim of the research was the development of agrotechnical methods (design of crop rotation, the method of basic tillage and the background of fertilizers), which ensure high productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems and the preservation of fertility. The experiment included three factors: the design of the crop rotation, the method of the main tillage, the background of mineral fertilizers. It was found that, on average, for the period of research, the level of mineral nutrition has the greatest influence on the productivity of the crop rotation (83.9%), followed by the design of the crop rotation (14.9%). The influence of basic tillage is estimated at only 1.2%. It was found that the introduction of 20% of perennial grasses into the structure of crop rotation reduces soil washout by 19.5-27.7%, and an increase in the proportion of perennial grasses to 40% by 38.3-43.8%. The use of chisel tillage reduces washout by 15.6-24.2%, and with it the loss of humus. In the “C” crop rotation in all variants of the experiment, the humus content increased by 0.010.03%. It was revealed that the productivity of all the studied crop rotations changed under the influence of agrotechnical methods, reaching in the crop rotation “C” with 40% of perennial grasses and 60% of grain crops on average for the studied period the highest value of 3.53 t / ha of grain units, which is 9.3% higher than in the “B” crop rotation and 17.3% higher than in the “A” crop rotation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Soil Humus Content with Different in Intensity of its Agricultural Use

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Т.И. Афанасьева ◽  
А.М. Труфанов ◽  
М.Ю. Иванова ◽  
Г.С. Цвик
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

Значение гумуса в почве сложно переоценить – он является одним из ведущих факторов плодородия. Данный показатель характеризуется динамичностью в зависимости от агротехнического воздействия, причём различная интенсивность и направленность этого воздействия может приводить как к потере почвенного гумуса, так и его накоплению. Биологизация севооборотов и земледелия в целом, а также переход к экологическим, в том числе к органическим технологиям возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур, вполне может способствовать сохранению и повышению плодородия почвы и гумуса. Оценка тенденций изменения почвенного гумуса в динамике позволит отслеживать эколого-биологическое состояние агроэкосистем. Таким образом, поставленные задачи исследования по определению изменения в динамике содержания гумуса под влиянием различных культур и технологий их возделывания являются весьма актуальными и значимыми. Исследования были проведены на кормовом севообороте на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве в 2017 и 2020 годах с использованием общепринятых методик. За период исследований содержание гумуса в почве опытного участка возросло в среднем на 0,18%, несмотря на преобладание интенсивных технологий возделывания культур. Обоснованное чередование культур кормового севооборота и рациональная система удобрений способствовали поддержанию положительного баланса гумуса за счёт возделывания многолетних и однолетних трав, а также органической технологии, обеспечивающих замедление минерализации гумуса при умеренном его накоплении. Так, выращивание многолетних трав (в среднем по годам пользования) повышало показатель в сравнении с однолетними на 0,06%, ячменём – на 0,17%, кукурузой – на 0,23%. Выращивание интенсивных культур – ячменя и, особенно, кукурузы привело к наименьшему накоплению гумуса в почве. Использование минеральных и органических удобрений в интенсивных технологиях способствовало увеличению содержания гумуса, по сравнению с контролем, в среднем на 0,13%, а органических удобрений в органической технологии – на 0,10%. The importance of humus in the soil is difficult to overestimate – it is one of the leading factors in fertility. This indicator is characterized by dynamicity depending on the agrotechnical impact, and the different intensity and orientation of this impact can lead to both the loss of soil humus and its accumulation. The biologization of crop rotation and farming in general, as well as the transition to ecological, including organic technologies for cultivation of crops, may well contribute to the preservation and improvement of soil and humus fertility. Assessment of trends of soil humus change in dynamics will allow monitoring the ecological and biological state of agroecosystems. Thus, the set research tasks to determine changes in the dynamics of humus content under the influence of various crops and their cultivation technologies are very relevant and significant. Researches were carried out on fodder crop rotation on soddy podzolic middle loamy soil in 2017 and 2020 using generally accepted methods. During the period of researches the content of humus in the soil of the experimental field increased by an average of 0.18%, despite the predominance of intensive crop cultivation technologies. The reasonable rotation of crops in fodder crop rotation and a rational fertilizer system contributed to maintaining the positive balance of humus due to the cultivation of perennial and annual grasses, as well as organic technology that slows down the mineralization of humus with moderate accumulation. So, the cultivation of perennial grasses (on average by year of use) increased the indicator compared to annual ones by 0.06%, barley – by 0.17%, corn – by 0.23%. The cultivation of intensive crops – barley and, especially, corn – led to the smallest accumulation of humus in the soil. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers in intensive technologies contributed to an increase in humus content, compared with control one by an average of 0.13%, and organic fertilizers in organic technology – by 0.10%.

Crop productivity and fertility of sod-podzolic soil affected by tillage and fertilization in the Central Non-Chernozem region

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
В.В. Конончук ◽  
В.Д. Штырхунов ◽  
С.М. Тимошенко ◽  
Г.В. Благовещенский ◽  
Т.О. Назарова
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Feed Unit

Изучение влияния уровня насыщения севооборотов многолетними травами, а также удобрений и способов основной обработки на продуктивность культур и плодородие почвы проводили в двух длительных стационарных полевых опытах, заложенных на опытном поле института двух зернокормовых севооборотах (2-я ротация, 1998–2010 годы). Проведённые исследования севооборотов с насыщением многолетними травами от 33 до 50% на среднеокультуренных дерново-подзолистых среднесуглинистых почвах центра Нечернозёмной зоны России указывают на возможность замены вспашки на 20–22 см дискованием на 8–12 см без существенных потерь продуктивности (–3–7%). Применение органоминеральных систем удобрения с внесением на фоне последействия 2 т/га навоза среднегодовых доз NРК в пределах 25,8–40,8, 20–40 и 35–62,5 кг/га соответственно элементам обеспечивало получение более 4,0 тыс. корм. ед./га, 0,61–0,64 т/га сырого протеина и 44–47 ГДж/га обменной энергии, или в расчёте на 1 корм. ед. — 145–154 г и 10,9–11,1 МДж соответственно. В севообороте с 50% долей многолетних трав перспективна органическая система удобрения, заключающаяся в последействии 2 т/га навоза в среднем в год, которая обеспечила лишь небольшое снижение (на 8–13%) среднегодовой за 12 лет продуктивности и положительный баланс гумуса в почве. Применение указанных систем удобрения предусматривает проведение периодического известкования доломитовой мукой вследствие постепенного повышения всех видов кислотности и снижения концентрации обменных оснований. Используемые среднегодовые дозы Р2О5 и К2О в составе органоминеральных систем удобрения поддерживали содержание подвижного фосфора и калия в почве на конечном этапе исследований в пределах повышенной и высокой обеспеченности пахотного слоя. Дозы азота необходимо корректировать в зависимости от планируемой урожайности и качества зерна нитратным азотом на ранних стадиях формирования урожая. This paper reports on crop productivity and soil fertility as affected by botanical diversity, fertilization and tillage practices. Crop rotation included 33–50% of perennial grasses. Disk plowing at the depth of 8–12 cm had no significant impact on crop productivity and was used instead of plowing. Soil type —sod-podzolic with medium clay content. Mineral fertilizers were applied on the background of 2 t ha-1 of manure. Average annual N rate amounted to 25.8–40.8 kg ha-1, Р — 20–40 and К —35–62.5 kg ha-1. Such fertilization rates resulted in over 4.0 thousand ha-1 of feed units, 0.61–0.64 t ha-1 of crude protein (145–154 g/feed unit) and 44–47 GJ ha-1 of exchange energy (10.9–11.1 MJ/feed unit). If crop rotation included 50% of perennial grasses than organic fertilization could be used. Application of 2 t ha-1 of manure annually led to insignificant decrease of annual average productivity for 12 years but positively affected humus content in soil. Application of earlier mentioned fertilization rates required constant use of dolomite powder due to growing acidity and reducing concentrations of exchange bases. Annual average rates of Р2О5 and К2О maintained soluble P and K contents at high levels in soil in the end of the research. N rates should be optimized at an early stage of yield formation according to productivity and grain quality planned.

scholarly journals Influence of using fertilizers on fertility indices of sod-podzolic soils and productivity of short-term crop rotation of Polissya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Egorov ◽  
N. Zhidok ◽  
E. Grischenko ◽  
I. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Balance

The influence of litter manure and straw as fertilizers in pure form and in combination with manure, green manure and mineral fertilizers on the content of humus and basic nutrients in sod-podzolic soil has been studied. A significant effect on the change of humus content on sod-podzolic soils depending on fertilizer systems has been established. The highest indicators of humus content in the soil were found in the variants with 40 t/ha of manure, 0.97–1.14% and 1.17–1.23%, respectively, and straw 4 t/ha in combination with lupine green manure — 0.94–1.15% and 1.16–1.25%. The most significant increase in humus content per rotation was observed in sidereal crop rotation, against the background without fertilizers the indicator increased by 0.05–0.29%, against the background of N40P40K120 application — by 0.03–0.21%, in crop rotation — 0.05–0.19% and 0.01-0.09%, respectively. Analyzing the dynamics of the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, it was found that the greatest growth both at the beginning and at the end of crop rotation provided options with the introduction of 40 t/ha of manure (+69…+85 mg/kg of soil), 4 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (+63…+82 mg/kg of soil) and straw with green manure (+71…+80 mg/kg of soil). The application of manure, straw and plowing of green manures contributed to the increase of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds from 9 to 69 mg/kg of soil on the background without fertilizers and 38 to 67 mg/kg of soil on the background N40P40K120. The combination of straw with manure and straw with green manure for the application of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the content of mobile phosphorus compounds to the level recorded in the variant for the application of 40 t/ha of manure, and in some versions of the experiment even exceed it. It was found that the deficit-free and positive balance of potassium for rotation of crop rotation and sidereal crop rotation was provided by variants with 4 t/ha of straw in combination with 20 t/ha of manure and 4 t/ha of straw in combination with lupine green manure against N40P40K120. Balances and productivity of arable land use in short-rotation crop rotations of Polissya are calculated. In crop rotation, the humus balance is negative for the alienation of lupine green mass for fodder. Variants with application of 10 t / ha of crop rotation area of manure (–0.03 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (–0.1 t/ha) on the background of N35P35K85 application allowed to get as close as possible to the deficit-free balance of humus. In sidereal crop rotation, a positive balance of humus is observed with the application of 10 t/ha of manure (+0.21…+0.29 t/ha), 1 t/ha of straw in combination with 5 t/ha of manure, 22 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw in combination with green manure (+0.09… +0.18 t/ha). Close to the deficit-free balance of humus is the option with the introduction of 1 t/ha of straw in its pure form. An alternative to manure in Polissya should be the use of straw in combination with green manure (including lupine), which will help preserve and reproduce the humus content in the soil, improve the balance of nutrients and increase the productivity of arable land in crop rotations.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

scholarly journals Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
F. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

scholarly journals Improving soil properties and productivity of crop-pasture rotation in arid steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Yakhiya Kaipov ◽  
Rifkat Akchurin ◽  
Rustam Kirayev ◽  
Asiya Nizaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Arid Steppe

Field experiments were conducted in the arid steppe zone of the Southern Urals, in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation. The soil is common chernozem. The precipitation during the growing season (May-September) is 166 mm. The experimental crop rotation consisted of 7 fields: 4 with perennial herbs (a mixture of Bromus inermis and Medicago varia), 3 with annual crops. The study analysed soil properties and carrying capacity in perennial grass rotation, conventional and reduced tillage. During the crop-pasture rotation, the humus content in the soil changes insignificantly depending on the tillage, being within 7.6-8.0 %. Perennial grasses loosened the soil, positively affecting moisture accumulation under crop rotation by the beginning of the pre-sowing period. The arable layer of common chernozem in the reduced tillage had a density of 1.05 g/cm3, less than 0.06 g/cm3 in conventional cultivation. Fertilizer application increased yields at 0.49-0.51 t/ha of feed units. Reduced tillage resulted in higher feed units by 0.06-0.08 tons per 1 ha. Crop-pasture rotation implementation and development ensures bioclimatically-determined yields of fodder crops and maintains soil fertility at an optimal level.

scholarly journals Scientific bases of the humus stabilization in ordinary chernozem in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Oleg Goryanin ◽  
Anatoly Chichkin ◽  
Baurzhan Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Middle Volga Region

<p>The influence of long-term use of mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, plant residues, soil treatment systems on humus content of common chernozems and stabilization of productivity of field crops in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region is considered on the example of researches in the Samara area. The zone climate of field experiments is characterized as extremely continental. The sum of the active temperatures (above 10°C) is 2,800-3,000°C. The average annual rainfall is 454.1 mm with fluctuations over the years from 187.5 mm to 704.6 mm. At some years, precipitation does not happen within a month or more. Hydrothermal index in May-August is 0,7, the duration of the frost-free period is 149 days. If the humus content in the region is 4.35-4.52%, then, it is necessary to introduce 6.7-8.0 t/ha of manure per year to maintain the balance of the deficit. The introduction of biological methods for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility (green fertilizers, perennial grasses, straw as fertilizer) reduces the loss of humus by 0.15-0.24 t/ha. This makes it possible to increase the payback of mineral fertilizers, which must be taken into account when developing fertility reproduction systems for soils. In the variants with minimal and differentiated cultivation of the soil during crop rotation in 30 years of the study, the loss of humus in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 0.04 - 0.73% (43-789 kg per year with maximum values in the combination of direct seeding of spring crops with deep loosening for a number of crop rotations is 4.14%, significantly exceeding the control (by 0.54%). The decrease in soil fertility in the variants with constant plowing and minimal tillage contributed to an increase in the conjugation of productivity of crops with humus. Based on the research, in order to preserve the fertility of the soil of ordinary chernozem, it is necessary to use green fertilizer, leguminous perennial grasses. In the regional rotations of crop production, new generation technologies are recommended, the basis of which is differentiated tillage with the use of crushed straw as fertilizer.</p>

scholarly journals Humus content and balance in the soil with different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (0) ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
H. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
V. P. Boiko ◽  
I. V. Prokopchuk ◽  
O. Yu. Stasiniеvych
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Different Doses
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