Terms and Balance of Trade of Indian Agricultural Sector during Pre and Post-WTO Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 288-293
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
The Us ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Plantation Crops

India is the world’s third-largest economy after the US and China. India is also one of the leading producer of spices, fish, poultry, livestock and plantation crops, and leading exports consisted of basmati rice, meat of bovine animals, frozen shrimp and prawns, cotton and refined sugar. The study was based on secondary data collected from the various published sources, viz., various issues of handbook of RBI, FAO trade yearbook, Statistical Abstract of India, FAOSTAT, etc. The data were grouped into two periods Pre-WTO 1975-94 and Post-WTO 1995-2015.The exports volume indices for agricultural sector of India were increased by 129.41 percent from 17 in 1975 to 39 in 1994. Besides, the volume indices of imports declined by 56.16 percent from 73 in 1975 to 32 in 1994 for agricultural sector of India. The unit value indices of agricultural exports of India declined by 17.69 percent from 113 in 1975 to 93 in 1994. However, the agricultural import indices grew considerably 171.42 percent from 42 in 1975 to 114 in 1994.The quantity terms of trade for agricultural sector of India was deteriorated by 80.89 percent from 429.41 in 1975 to 82.05 in 1994. Likewise, value terms of trade for agricultural sector of India also depreciated by 67.44 percent from 269.05 in 1975 to 81.58 in 1994. The exports volume indices for agricultural sector of India were increased by 125 percent from 72 in 1995 to 162 in 2015. The volume indices of imports were also enlarged by 934.78 percent from 23 in 1995 to 238 in 2015 for agricultural sector of India. The unit value indices, which measure the average price realization, indicated a significant increase in unit value indices of agricultural exports of India turn up by 131.76 percent from 85 in 1995 to 197 in 2015. However, the agricultural import indices declined by 0.64 percent during post-WTO period. The quantity terms of trade, as well as value terms of trade for agricultural sector of India, was improved by 359.95 and 133.25 percent, respectively during post-WTO regime. The trade balance of Indian agricultural sector showed a favorable balance during pre-WTO period as well as post-WTO period.

Peranan Sektor Pertanian dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

<em>The agricultural sector</em><em> is a strategic sector in Manokwari regency. The agricultural sector provides a major contribution in the regional economy, an economic base of rural people, dominate the life of most residents in this region and provider of food and raw materials for other sectors. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the contribution of different sub-sectors that exist in the agricultural sector, which analyzes sectors influential in changing the economic structure of agriculture in the area and know the potential commodities that can be developed in an effort to enhance the role of the agricultural sector. The research method used through literature study and analysis of secondary data sourced from the relevant authorities. To find out how big the factors that influence changes in economic structures of domination of the agricultural sector into non-agricultural sector estimates used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). For the determination of the potential commodities that can be seeded used method approach Location Quotient (LQ). The results showed the greatest contribution of the different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector contained in the food crops sub-sector. Based on the rate of growth per year, plantation crops sub-sector occupied the highest positions. The sectors that provide real impact on the agricultural sector's contribution to the regional gross domestic product �of the building sector and services sector. Potential commodities that can be developed in different areas in Manokwari regency include food crops and pulses, vegetables and fruits and livestock including cows, goats, pigs and chicken.</em>

scholarly journals Performance of Agricultural Export Products on Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Oyetoun Dunmola Amao ◽  
Michael Akwasi Antwi ◽  
Oluwaseun Samuel Oduniyi ◽  
Timothy Olukunle Oni ◽  
Theresa Tendai Rubhara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
The World Bank

This research sought to explore the performance of agricultural export products on economic growth in Nigeria from 1960 to 2016. Secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Annual Statistical Bulleting, the World Bank, and World Development Indicators were used. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model was explored in this study. The findings of the study show that food and live animals, beverages, and tobacco were found to be negative but significant to agricultural exports, while agricultural exports (total) and crude materials, inedible except fats, were found to be negative and insignificant to economic growth. Animal and vegetable oils and fats were found to be positive but insignificant to economic growth. Based on the following findings, it is recommended that policies aimed at increasing the productivity and quality of agricultural products, especially those from crops, should be implemented. There is also a need to devote more resources to the production of non-export goods to increase exports. Above all, more credit should be extended to the agricultural sector with a low or zero interest rate, which may lead to a higher rate of economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN NILAI TUKAR PETANI (NTP) ANTARSUBSEKTOR PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Maria Pangestika ◽  
Tinjung Mary Prihtanti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Average Order ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
Plantation Crops

The agricultural sector is one of Indonesia's national development targets in Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional 2015-2019 because it is considered an economic strategic sector. One of the success of development in the agricultural sector can be seen from the level of farmer's welfare which is generally determined by the Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP). This article was written to explain the level of welfare of farmers in 3 agricultural sub-sectors, namely food crop agriculture, estate crops and horticultural crops by comparing the amount of NTP in each subsector. The data used are secondary data from 2015-2019 from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). The results of the analysis showed that the NTP of food crops, estate crops and horticultural crops experienced fluctuations and the NTP of horticultural plants was the most stable among the others. The average order of NTP from the largest to the smallest is the first ranked horticultural crop with an average annual rate of 101,91, the second sequence is food plants that is equal to 101,37 and the last sequence is plantation crops that amount to 97,29.Keywords: agricultural sector development, farmer exchange rates, farmers' welfare

scholarly journals Export and Import Performance of Agriculture in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 502-504
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Agriculture plays a significant role in Indian economy. Indian Agricultural export and import have undergone foremost change in this modern era. The study focus the analysis related to the export and import performance of Indian agricultural sector. This study covers the export and an Import category includes cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables, animal products, floriculture, processed food and organic product. Non Basmati Rice, Basmati rice, Fresh Vegetables, Buffalo Meat and Fresh fruits are the top five Agricultural exported products from India. Pulses, wheat, other fresh fruits, Alcoholic Beverages and Other Cereals are the most imported products. The study is based on secondary data which is drawn on quantitative and qualitative data, document, records and information available in Agricultural and processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA). The paper highlights the fact performance of India, agricultural export and import from 2008 – 09 to 2017 – 18. The trade balance between export and import of agricultural in India is positive. The percentage share of total export in past few decades is fluctuating. The performance of import decreases in 2014 - 2018. The agricultural growth rate in export is 10.53% (2017 – 18) and the agriculture import growth rate is -36.13% (2017 – 18).

scholarly journals Outlook Indikator Makro Global dan Sektor Pertanian 2016-2019

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maulana ◽  
Pantjar Simatupang ◽  
Reni Kustiari
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Information Projection

<p>Macroeconomic policies are important to consider in determining agricultural targets and policies. Thus, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of historical circumstances, current status, trends, and prospects of agricultural macro indicators. This study aims to forecast and to analyze the main macroeconomic indicators in the agricultural sector from 2016 to 2019. The study used secondary data and information. Projection was calculated using two alternative models, i.e. economic behavior and polynomial trend regression models. The results showed that after a slowdown in 2011-2014, Indonesia's economy rebounded in 2015-2016. GDP growth was expected 5,6 to 5,8% while inflation was 6,8 to 7,9% in 2016-2019. Agricultural GDP’s growth in 2016-2019 was estimated around 3,5-3,7%/year. Agricultural exports and imports were expected to increase to 10%/year and 12%/year for the period of 2016-2019, respectively. Agriculture will become the economic anchor through increases in food production and industrial commodities, as well as managing generating-inflation commodities’ prices.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Kebijakan makroekonomi penting dipertimbangkan dalam menentukan target dan kebijakan sektor pertanian sehingga diperlukan suatu analisis mengenai keadaan historis, status terkini, kecenderungan yang terjadi, dan prospek indikator makro sektor pertanian. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memproyeksi dan menganalisis indikator makro utama sektor pertanian tahun 2015-2019. Kajian ini menggunakan data dan informasi sekunder. Perhitungan proyeksi menggunakan dua alternatif yaitu melakukan estimasi dengan model perilaku ekonomi atau dengan model regresi tren polinomial. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa setelah perlambatan pada 2011-2014, perekonomian Indonesia rebound pada 2015/2016. Pertumbuhan PDB diperkirakan pada kisaran 5,6-5,8% sementara inflasi umum berada pada kisaran 6,8-7,9% pada 2016-2019. Laju pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian pada 2016-2019 diperkirakan dalam kisaran 3,5-3,7%/tahun. Ekspor pertanian diperkirakan meningkat 10%/tahun pada 2016-2019. Impor pertanian akan meningkat 12%/tahun pada 2016-2019. Sektor pertanian akan menjadi jangkar perekonomian melalui peningkatan produksi pangan dan komoditas industri serta mengelola harga komoditas pemicu inflasi.</p>

scholarly journals POTENSI TANAMAN PANGAN DAN PERKEBUNAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Siti Mutmaidah
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Plantation Crops

This study aims to determine the regional leading sector of Kepahiang Regency as the information and considerations in planning economic development. Secondary data such as time series of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Kepahiang and Bengkulu in the period 2011-2014 are applied. Klassen Typology and Location Quotient (LQ) are tools of analysis. The results of the analysis based on two analysis tools indicate that the leading sector with the criterias developed, base, and competitive is agricultural sector. The results showed that the agricultural sector can be used as a leading sector in Kepahiang Regency with criteria of the advanced sector and grow rapidly and is the base sector. Seberang Musi Sub-district has the most potential for cultivation of food crops and plantations with 13 commodities that become the base sector. For the specialization of food crop base sector is Kaba wetan Subdistrict with 5 commodities with base criteria and for plantation crops Merigi and Seberang Musi subdistricts with 9 commodities crops.

scholarly journals Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators on the Farmer Exchange Rate of North Maluku Province: A Case Study of Smallholder Plantation Subsector

Society ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-457
Author(s):  
Prince Charles Heston Runtunuwu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Plantation Crops

This study aims to determine the effect of production, land area, and labor on the Farmer Exchange Rate of the smallholder plantation crops subsector individually or partially and the effect of production, land area, and labor simultaneously on the Farmer Exchange Rate in North Maluku Province in 2014 -2018. The object of this study was the farmers of North Maluku Province because the agricultural sector plays an important role and contributes greatly to the economy in North Maluku Province. This study was conducted in January-May 2020. The data collected and processed in this study are data within 5 years. The population in this study was all data on the Farmer Exchange Rate, agricultural production, agricultural land area, and labor in North Maluku Province in 2014-2018. The data used in this study were secondary data obtained from the Central Agency on Statistics of North Maluku Province in 2020 and other literature related to this study. The test tool used is multiple linear regression analysis, and the analytical tool used was IBM SPSS Statistics 16.0 software. The results showed that partially production did not affect the Farmer Exchange Rate of smallholder plantation crops in North Maluku province. Partially, land areas affect the Farmer Exchange Rate of smallholder plantation crops in North Maluku province. Individually or partially, the labor did not affect the Farmer Exchange Rate of smallholder plantation crops in North Maluku province. Simultaneously or overall, production, land area, and labor affect the Farmer Exchange Rate of smallholder plantation crops in North Maluku province, it can be said that it will affect the farmer welfare.

Intra-sectoral and Intersectoral Parity Issues in Pricing of Agricultural Crops: A Preliminary Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Sarfraz K. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Over Time

Intersectoral terms of trade play a cruc1al role in determining the sectoral distribution of income and resource allocation in the developing countries. The significance of intra-sectoral terms of trade for the allocation of resources within the agricultural sector is also widely accepted by research scholars and policy-makers. In the context of planned development, the government specifies production targets for the agricultural sector and for different crops. The intervention of government in the field of price determination has important implications for the achievement of planned targets. In Pakistan, there is a feeling among many groups including farmers and politicians with a rural background that prices of agricultural crops have not kept their parities intact over time and that prices generally do not cover the costs of production. The feeling that production incentives for agriculture have been eroded is especially strong for the period since the early 1970s. It is argued that strong inflationary pressures supported by a policy of withdrawal of government subsidies on agricultural inputs have resulted in rapid increases in the prices paid by agriculturists and that increases in the prices received by farmers were not enough to compensate them for the rising prices of agricultural inputs and consumption goods.

Potret Lama Penyelesaian Studi Lulusan Fakultas Pertanian dan Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Negeri Papua

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitryanti Pakiding ◽  
Dariani Matualage
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
State University ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Financial Problem ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Future Education

<em>The State University of Papua (UNIPA) provides human resources for agricultural sector in Tanah Papua through the Department of Agricultural and Agricultural Technology (FAPERTEK). However, in the process of generating these human capitals, many of its alumni could not finish their study within the targeted time frame designed by curriculum used in this department. Thus, this research aims for understanding factors that influencing the study time of FAPERTEK-UNIPA�s alumni. Study time data was obtained through a census from secondary data whereas evaluation of the study time was conducted through a survey to alumni. The evaluation was focus on two sub-systems:� student and the interaction between students and faculties. The result shows that in general alumni at the bachelor (S-1) level and at the diploma (D-3) level finished their study more than 10 semesters and 7 semesters consecutively. Financial problem, difficult and lengthy research topic, communication problem with advisor, many re-taking classes, health problem as well as personal problems were among the reasons for those alumni whose study time exceeds the minimum time as indicated by the curriculum. Academic advisors who are expected to assist students to be able to finish their study within the allotted time have not performed efficiently according to some of respondents. Information provides through this research is expected to be beneficial for enhancing current and future education system in this department.</em>

KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN KEBIJAKAN ANTI-DUMPING PRODUK IMPOR BAJA INDONESIA: SEBUAH ANALISIS AWAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Aditya Paramita Alhayat
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Safeguard Measures ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Meskipun Indonesia telah mengenakan tindakan anti-dumping terhadap beberapa jenis produk baja, namun impor produk tersebut masih meningkat. Salah satu kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah importasi melalui produk yang dimodifikasi secara tidak substansial atau melalui negara ketiga yang tidak dikenakan tindakan anti-dumping, yang dalam perdagangan internasional umum disebut sebagai praktik circumvention. Studi ini ditujukan untuk membuktikan bahwa circumvention mengakibatkan tindakan anti-dumping atas impor produk baja Indonesia tidak efektif dan untuk memberikan masukan berdasarkan praktik di negara lain supaya kebijakan anti-dumping Indonesia lebih efektif. Circumvention dianalisis dengan membandingkan pola perdagangan antara sebelum dan setelah pengenaan bea masuk anti-dumping (BMAD) menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) maupun Global Trade Information Services (GTIS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya indikasi kuat bahwa circumvention mengkibatkan pengenaan tindakan anti-dumping impor produk baja di Indonesia menjadi tidak efektif. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting bagi Pemerintah Indonesia untuk segera melakukan penyempurnaan terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah No. 34/2011 tentang Tindakan Antidumping, Tindakan Imbalan, dan Tindakan Pengamanan Perdagangan dengan memasukkan klausul tindakan anti-circumvention yang setidaknya mencakup bentuk-bentuk dan prosedur tindakan, sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan beberapa negara seperti: AS, EU, Australia, dan India. Although Indonesia has imposed anti-dumping measures on several types of steel products, the import of steel products is still increasing. One possible cause is that imports are made by non-substantial modification of product or through a third country which is not subject to anti-dumping measures, which is generally referred as circumvention practice. This study is aimed to prove that circumvention made Indonesian anti-dumping actions on the steel products ineffective. This also study provides recommendation for a best practice for other countries so that Indonesia's anti-dumping policy can be more effective. Circumvention was analyzed by comparing trade patterns between before and after the imposition of anti-dumping duty using secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Global Trade Information Services (GTIS). The results of the analysis indicate that circumvention became the reason why Indonesian anti-dumping measures on imported steel products are ineffective. Therefore, it is very important for the Government of Indonesia to immediately make amendments to the Government Regulation No. 34/2011 on Antidumping, Countervailing, and Safeguard Measures by adopting clauses of anti-circumvention. This can be done bycovering the forms/types and procedures of action, as has been implemented by several countries such as the US, EU, Australia, and India.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document