scholarly journals Public Health as a Social Issue: The Role of Digital Technologies Originating from the Internet & Big Data Era

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beinish Landa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

Digitalisation is gradually penetrating all spheres of society The rationale for this study is the unprecedented measures taken by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation to encourage the population to engage in physical education and sport in order to preserve and improve health and increase the life expectancy of Russians. Federal targeted programmes have made it possible to build and commission thousands of modern sports complexes. The study was primarily aimed at the elaboration and implementation of a technique of digital information and diagnostic support of mass health surveillance. The research methodology developed at our University contains three process phases: measurement, calculations, and appraisal. The implementation of these procedures allows both the individual trajectory of the complex development of each subject and the processing of unlimited amounts of information concerning normative test takers. At each stage, digital technologies are used to generate the database, to store it, to process the results obtained and to pass them on to other organisations upon demand, making the achievements of the methodology transparent and open. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the methodology, by monitoring the dynamics of individual and collective achievements, handles information on all groups of the population in a prompt, reliable and valid manner and is used by us not only to modernise the process of physical education, but also to assess the health-promoting activities of any organisation. Digitisation originated from the Internet and BigData era, entails raising the level of evidence-based decision-making in physical education and sport to a new, modern level.

Law and order, war and peace

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Baecker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Current Case ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Digital Disruption

Most computers during the Second World War, such as the British code-breaking Colussus machine, had been developed for military use. The effects on law and order and war and peace of computerization, worldwide telecommunications, social media, artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics is the topic of Chapter 6. As in Chapter 5, the most compelling visions of the potential opportunities and dangers have been in science fiction and in film; we begin the chapter by reviewing some memorable examples. We then discuss how technology is used by the police, such as the use of video evidence to sometimes exonerate the police against false accusations of needless brutality. We also examine how citizens are using social media to protect themselves and alert others to what they believe is unwarranted violence or unjust actions by law enforcement. We expand upon Section 5.7’s discussion of citizen mobilization by social media with the goal of regime change. In this context, we discuss how the government (especially police and security services) gains leverage via the surveillance of the digital information and communications of citizens. This surveillance has significantly increased due to security concerns post-9/11. We will examine these developments in the USA, Canada, and the UK, as well as in other parts of the world. We shall also discuss cases of organizations trying to subvert societies that repress and forbid access to the internet, with the goal of enabling its citizens to access the internet freely. Next, we consider ways in which tools of digital disruption are used by a country or government or a set of individuals against others. The timely and current case study explored is on governmental use of hacking and other aggressive digital means to interfere with the electoral processes of another country, or even to disrupt or destabilize the other country. At the extreme, governments engage in cyberterrorism or even cyberwar­fare. We shall discuss several recent examples of this and argue that weapons of cyberwar­fare could be as catastrophic as nuclear or biological weapons. The technology of warfare has also evolved.

Digital Degradation

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
Sarah Esther Lageson
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
The Government

Interviews with more than 100 people whose records appear online show how the ability to manage digital punishment is directly tied to a person’s familiarity with technological systems and their faith in bureaucracy. Instead of confronting the government or the criminal justice system, many people engage in digital avoidance, afraid that any attempts will only make the problem worse. This intersection between the criminal justice system and technology reproduces social inequality at the speed of the internet, disproportionately impacting people who have less access to and command over digital technologies. This chapter discusses the qualities of digital punishment, the strategies people who are experiencing digital punishment deploy to deal with their online stigma, and an explanation for why many people choose to engage in digital avoidance rather than try to have their online record removed. Rooted in theories of the digital divide and the disparate impact of big data technologies, the chapter concludes with a discussion of how digital punishment challenges long-held theories of criminal stigma, desistance, and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Freedom of expression and protection of personal data on the Internet: The perspective of Internet users in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (47) ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Marta Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The paper examines the views of Internet users concerning the protection of their rights on the Internet. The Web survey, conducted by the snowball sampling, included 783 Internet users who expressed their views regarding the ways the state (Serbia) and private agents (Facebook and Google) relate to the right of freedom of expression and privacy on the Internet. Also, the survey was used to examine the individual responsibility of users when it comes to the use of Internet services. Several hypotheses suggested that Internet users in Serbia do not have confidence in the country and private actors on the issue of protecting their rights. However, users also do not demonstrate a satisfactory level of individual responsibility. The most important findings indicate that: 1) only one-sixth of the respondents consider that the Government of the Republic of Serbia does not violate the privacy of Internet users; 2) almost half of the respondents do not feel free to express their views criticizing the government; 3) almost 90% of users are not satisfied how Facebook protects their privacy, while it is 1% lower in the case of Google; 4) a third of respondents answered positively to the question whether they had read terms of use of the analyzed companies, but half of them did not give a correct answer to the main questions; 5) only 8.9% of respondents who claimed to have read terms of use are aware of the fact that Facebook shares their data with third parties.

Dark Optical Fiber Models for Broadband Networked Cities

2010 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Ioannis Chochliouros ◽  
Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou ◽  
George K. Lalopoulos ◽  
Stergios P. Chochliouros
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Information Society ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Critical Issues

The world economy is currently moving in transition from the industrial age to a new set of rules, that of the so-called “Information Society,” which is rapidly taking shape in different multiple aspects of the everyday life. In fact, the exponential growth of the Internet, the penetration of mobile communications, the rapid emergence of electronic commerce, the restructuring of various forms of businesses in all sectors of the economic activity, the contribution of digital industries to growth and employment, and so forth, are among the current features of the new global reality, and they are all considered significant dynamic factors for further evolution and development (Commission of the European Communities, 2005). Changes are usually underpinned by technological progress and globalization, while the combination of worldwide competition and digital technologies is having a crucial sweeping effect. Digital technologies facilitate transmission and storing of information, while they offer multiple access facilities, in most cases without implying subsequent extra costs. As digital information may be easily transformed into economic and social value, this can offer huge opportunities for the development of new products-offerings, services, or applications. Thus, information becomes the “keyresource” and the prime “engine” of the new e-economy (Crandall, Jackson, & Singer, 2003). Companies in different sectors have already started to adapt to the new economic situation in order to become e-businesses (Commission of the European Communities, 2001c). In addition, the full competitiveness of the state in the current high-tech digitally converging environment is strongly related to the existence of modern digital infrastructures of high capacity and of high performance, rationally deployed and properly priced, capable of providing easy, cost-effective, secure, and uninterrupted access to the international “digital web” of knowledge and commerce without imposing any artificial barriers and/or restrictions (Wallsten, 2005). Broadband development is nowadays an essential strategic priority (Chochliouros & Spiliopoulou, 2005), not only for the European Union (EU) but for the global environment. More specifically, broadband can be considered an “absolutely necessary prerequisite” in order to materialize all potential benefits from information society facilities and so to improve living standards (Commission of the European Communities, 2001b). The availability, access, and ultimate use of broadband in both business and residential settings are critical issues. Both businesses and consumers can derive increased benefits from the availability of broadband connection to the Internet, as the technology speeds up some applications and creates entirely new possibilities (Hu & Prieger, 2007).

scholarly journals Industrial microgrids in Russia: regional systemic effects of its implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 10011
Author(s):  
Elena Karanina ◽  
Maksim Bortnikov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Draft Resolution ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The concept of the “Energy strategy of Russia for the period up to 2035” implies a comprehensive structural transformation of the energy sector and its transition to a qualitatively new level through the use of digital technologies. One of the first steps in building a model of the Internet of energy in Russia may be the introduction of a mechanism for creating industrial microgrids, for which a draft resolution of the government of the Russian Federation has already been developed. The article considers the features of functioning of a new subject of electric power industry - active energy complexes, their conceptual, economic and legal features, and also developed a method for evaluating the system effects of their implementation.

Harmonização orofacial após Covid-19: biossegurança e benefcios

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Ana Karina Fonseca de Carvalho Calderan Correa ◽  
Gabriela Araújo Barros Lima e Silva ◽  
Leonardo Nogueira Tavares ◽  
Ricardo Correa de Araújo Júnior ◽  
Antonio Aparecido Celoria
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Orofacial Harmonization (HOF) that has already been recognized as a dental specialty by the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) through the resolution CFO-198/2019, has been showing considerable advances in health promotion and reestablishment of a complete physical, mental and social well-being of the individual. Also, it makes efforts in an attempt to strengthen and improve the biosafety protocols presented by the World Health Organization (WHO). The undertakings carried out by the government and health authorities are notorious in an attempt to adapt to the new reality presented by this pandemic caused by COVID-19. However, we cannot deny the negligence of these same authorities of not inserting this specialty as part of the essential care for the population, as the HOF is able of providing numerous benefits, as well as the dentist who was left in the gloom in its origin as a health promoting agent. In the present study, updated biosafety protocols will be shown, and also the importance of adding the inherent technologies of HOF and all the knowledge and proficiency of dentistry professionals in an attempt to concretize the real concept of health, benefiting the population that is desolated and terrified in this new post-COVID world.

scholarly journals INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: A ROADMAP FOR THE QUALITATIVE TRANSFORMATION IN EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Ms. Neetu Guleria, Prof. (Dr.) Alka Mudgal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Evaluation Of Policies

Inclusive Education (IE) is a revolutionary approach in the system of education to cater to the educational needs of marginalized Children with Special Needs (CWSN). CWSN also aspire & hope for additional guidance in meeting academic, social & emotional milestones apart from their medical requirements. By embracing learner centric approach, the distinction of children can be erased right from the beginning of their journey in life as Able bodied & Children with special needs. This paper aims to highlight project strategies which can give an insight into an effortless introduction of IE curriculum in educational institutions. Early Intervention & detection modalities discussed in this paper will help in preventing the developmental delays in CWSN.  The authors recommend change in the curriculum based on the individual needs of children, regular evaluation of Policies by the Government, integrating Physical education & shift in the ideology of the stakeholders in educational institutions which will aid in overcoming existing hurdles thereby paving the way towards seamless inclusion of CWSN in mainstream teaching.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the technocratic governance cases and deliberative-democratic self-rule in the internet-sphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
A. N. Linde
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Cybernetic System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Self Rule ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The paper compares two approaches to the formation of the internet-sphere. The technocratic approach strengthens itself in the cybernetic-system methodology, it is based on the technocratic governance of society and implies the total governance of the internet-sphere in the interests of the government, the suppression of the individual personality by “programming” its consciousness. This approach is evidenced by “the system of social credit” in China.The deliberative-democratic approach emerges from phenomenology and substantiates an egalitarian model of democracy which implies a universal discussion and importance of the meanings sent by each person in the internet-sphere. The case of online-deliberative forums is analyzed. These forums serve to reveal the opinions of the citizens themselves and to define the genuine public opinion. The advantages of the second approach are identified.Materials and methods. This article uses logical methods of analysis: analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis.The results of the study. This study shows how the cybernetic-systemic methodology holistically analyzing society and assuming its programming “from top to bottom” leads to technocratic governance of society and the Internet. It also shows how the phenomenological approach aimed at perceiving the personal meanings of each citizen becomes the basis of deliberative democracy and online deliberative discussions.Discussion and conclusions. The paper arrives at the following conclusions. Serious risks produced by the use of the cybernetic-systemic principles in governing the Internet sphere are shown: programming the personality consciousness, emasculating the senses experienced by it, and regulating the entire social life. In contrast with the cybernetic approach, the advantages of the phenomenological approach are analytically shown, because it perceives the personal meanings of each individual and leads to their revealing in the Internet sphere, which creates the foundation for maintaining a democratic regime.

scholarly journals Internet Use and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: a Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
A.A. Bochaver ◽  
S. Dokuka ◽  
E.V. Sivak ◽  
I.B. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The introduction of digital technologies in everyday practices and the reduction of the age of children's access to the Internet creates the need to reflect on the potential benefits and risks associated with digitalization. The article summarizes the main data on the impact of the Internet, in particular social networks, on life satisfaction indicators and symptoms of depression in adolescents. The results of empirical studies conducted in different countries are ambiguous and do not allow to speak about universal effects that apply to all children and adolescents. We assume that the lack of unambiguous conclusions about the impact of digital technologies is due to the nonlinearity and differential effects. In particular, the power of influence depends on the individual characteristics, the intensity of the use of technology, socio-economic characteristics of the child's environment. This review shows the need for a differentiated approach to research the impact of digitalization on the well-being of children and to the practices of supporting the child in his development of the Internet.

Dark Optical Fiber Models for Broadband Networked Cities

2009 ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
Ioannis Chochliouros ◽  
Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou ◽  
George K. Lalopoulos ◽  
Stergios P. Chochliouros
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Information Society ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Critical Issues

The world economy is currently moving in transition from the industrial age to a new set of rules, that of the so-called “Information Society,” which is rapidly taking shape in different multiple aspects of the everyday life. In fact, the exponential growth of the Internet, the penetration of mobile communications, the rapid emergence of electronic commerce, the restructuring of various forms of businesses in all sectors of the economic activity, the contribution of digital industries to growth and employment, and so forth, are among the current features of the new global reality, and they are all considered significant dynamic factors for further evolution and development (Commission of the European Communities, 2005). Changes are usually underpinned by technological progress and globalization, while the combination of worldwide competition and digital technologies is having a crucial sweeping effect. Digital technologies facilitate transmission and storing of information, while they offer multiple access facilities, in most cases without implying subsequent extra costs. As digital information may be easily transformed into economic and social value, this can offer huge opportunities for the development of new products-offerings, services, or applications. Thus, information becomes the “keyresource” and the prime “engine” of the new e-economy (Crandall, Jackson, & Singer, 2003). Companies in different sectors have already started to adapt to the new economic situation in order to become e-businesses (Commission of the European Communities, 2001c). In addition, the full competitiveness of the state in the current high-tech digitally converging environment is strongly related to the existence of modern digital infrastructures of high capacity and of high performance, rationally deployed and properly priced, capable of providing easy, cost-effective, secure, and uninterrupted access to the international “digital web” of knowledge and commerce without imposing any artificial barriers and/or restrictions (Wallsten, 2005). Broadband development is nowadays an essential strategic priority (Chochliouros & Spiliopoulou, 2005), not only for the European Union (EU) but for the global environment. More specifically, broadband can be considered an “absolutely necessary prerequisite” in order to materialize all potential benefits from information society facilities and so to improve living standards (Commission of the European Communities, 2001b). The availability, access, and ultimate use of broadband in both business and residential settings are critical issues. Both businesses and consumers can derive increased benefits from the availability of broadband connection to the Internet, as the technology speeds up some applications and creates entirely new possibilities (Hu & Prieger, 2007).

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