scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PATHOGENICITY BETWEEN ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS AND PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM IN MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Yassein
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

This study was conducted to compare between two types of opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum) in concerning their pathogenicity after intraperitoneal inoculation of mice. A total of twenty four male albino mice were used in this study which divided equally into 3 groups, The first and second groups were inoculated with 0.2ml of 1x 107spores/ml of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum  intraperitonially respectively, while the third group was inoculated with normal saline which served as control group. All animals were monitored for 2 weeks after infection. The blood samples were collected by heart puncture after 18 days post infection to isolate of serum that used for biochemical analysis of liver and kidney functions. After that, all animals were sacrificed. Some internal organs of infected groups (liver, kidney, intestine, heart, spleen and lung) were taken to study the histopathological changes. It was found that there was severe histopathological changes in studied organs of infected mice particularly liver, kidney, spleen and intestine which corresponding with significant variation (p<0.01) in enzyme activities of liver and kidney like (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Urea and Creatinine). Also, It was found that P. chrysogenum had more impact on these enzymes (15.65 ± 0.78, 135.23 ± 8.75 and 0.928 ± 0.02 respectively) than A. fumigatus (21.70 ± 1.04, 57.91 ± 5.99 and 0.587 ± 0.03 respectively). Therefore, the present study indicated that fungi present in the environment can induce severe inflammation reach to tissue damage in most vital internal organs So, further studies should be performed to determine the specific virulence factors and active components, which are responsible for pathogenesis of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum in spite of the fact that P. chrysogenum can produce antibiotic.

scholarly journals Study of histopathological changes in brian of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii isolated from domestic rabbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Raghad Ibraheam Khalil AL-Mahdawi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Domestic Rabbit ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dark Blue ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

     The study was designed to determine the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in the rabbits and histopathological changes of infected internal organs in mice. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy rabbits from different region of Baghdad city for the serological detection of T. gondii infection. Biological assay in mice was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of 0.1 ml digested organs suspension, (lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscles, and brain) during the period from October 2013 until July 2014. The results revealed histopathological changes in bioassay mice infected by T. gondii isolated from domestic rabbit, no histopathological changes in the brain of animals of first group1 (control group), but in the group 2 (killed at day 15) the main pathological changes were perivascular perineuronal edema with presence of some degenerated neurons characterized  by shrunken dark blue stained (basophilic) cell bodies. In the animals of the group 2 (killed at day 21) the main brain histopathological changes were Sever congestion of meningeal blood vessels with infiltration of inflammatory cells and focal aggregation of microglial cells with diffuse obvious focal gliosis, whereas, in the same group animals that killed at day 28 the main brain histopathological changes were focal encephalomalacia and edema between molecular and granular layer.

Histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of Wistar albino rat exposed to fenitrothion

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Afshar ◽  
AA Farshid ◽  
R Heidari ◽  
M Ilkhanipour
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on the liver and kidney. The study was conducted on 8-week-old male Wistar rats that were divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group) and were treated orally with different doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of FNT for 28 consecutive days. After treatment, the rats were anesthetized with ether and liver and kidney samples were taken for histological studies. The results showed that the histopathological changes in the liver were mainly represented by parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes with mild necrosis, leukocytic infiltration in the portal area, severe congestion, and hemorrhage. These changes were dose dependent. Marked tubular dilation, hydropic degeneration in tubular epithelium, moderate congestion, and hemorrhage in the cortical and medulla part of the kidney were recorded. Histopathologic examination of the liver and kidney indicated a significant injury only in rats receiving 100 mg/kg FNT.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF TAMARIND SEED EXTRACT ON COBRA VENOM IN MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Imad M Al-ani ◽  
Soraya Ismail ◽  
Khin M Maung ◽  
Pakeer Oothuman ◽  
Sinan Mohammed Abdullah Al-mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Liver And Kidney

  Objective: Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) has been used as a medical plant for treating many human and animal diseases and widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of snake bites. The objective of the study is to investigate whether tamarind seed extract (TSE) has neutralization activity on an adverse histological reaction against venoms of the King Cobra.Methods: A total of 20 healthy mature male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 mice in each. The control group was injected with 1 ml of normal saline. The second group was injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 24.96 μg/20 g King Cobra venom (KCV) solution. The third group was injected with the same dose of KCV solution and 10 mg/20 g of TSE. The fourth group was injected with the same dose of KCV solution and 15 mg/20 g TSE solution. The animals were sacrificed after 24 hrs of injection of the solution. Fragments of muscle, kidney, and liver were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for light microscopical studies.Results: The result showed that TSE reduced the histopathological changes induced by the KCV in the muscles, livers, and kidneys, and the improvement was proportional to the applied dose of the TSE indicating that TSE prevents adverse histological changes in the muscle, liver, and kidney.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that TSE reduced the histopathological changes in the muscle, liver, and kidney induced by KCV in mice.

scholarly journals Does Oral Ingestion ofPiper sarmentosumCause Toxicity in Experimental Animals?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maizura Mohd Zainudin ◽  
Zaiton Zakaria ◽  
Nor Anita Megat Mohd Nordin ◽  
Faizah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Safety Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Herbal Plant

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportion in Malaysia and worldwide. Scientific studies have shown that herbal plantPiper sarmentosumexhibits an antidiabetic property. Despite the extensive usage and studies of this herb as alternative medicine, there is paucity of the literature on the safety information of this plant. Thus, the present study aimed to observe the subacute toxic effects ofPiper sarmentosumaqueous extract (PSAE) on the haematological profile, liver, and kidney in rats. The extract was administered by oral gavage to 6 male and femaleSprague Dawleyrats in daily dose of 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. The control group received normal saline. General behavior of the rats, adverse effects, and mortality were observed for 28 days. The haematological and biochemical parameters were determined at baseline and after the treatment. PSAE did not show abnormality on the body weight and gross observation of internal organs. The haematological, biochemical and histopathological profiles showed minimal changes and variation within normal clinical range except for significant increase in serum potassium level that suggests the need of regular monitoring. Nevertheless, these findings suggested that PSAE up to 2000 mg/kg/day did not show subacute toxicity inSprague Dawleyrats.

scholarly journals Study of important moulds isolated from milk and its products in Baghdad – with experimental study the pathogenesis of Aspergillus Fumigatus moulds in mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Bushra I. Al-Kaisie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Group Control

This study was designed to isolate and identify the type of moulds and theirpercentage of distribution with pathological study of highly moulds isolated from(130)samples were included in this study with divided into (30)samples driedmilk,(30).samples baby food ,(30)samples raw milk , (40) samples dairy products .The results revealed the percentage of infection according to total count ofisolation in raw milk were 100 % dairy product 65 %. The most common fungiisolated from raw milk were Asp.niger of 16.2 % Asp. fumigatus of 15 % Asp.flavusof 13.7 % Pencillium spp. 12.5 % . From dairy products were isolated withpercentage of Asp. Fumigatus 34.9% Geotrichum spp . of 23 % ,Asp. nager of 11.5% . Pathological study was carried out to investigate the clinical signs with grosslyand Histopathological changes inoculated with most pathogenic moulds Asp.fumigatus (30)male white swiss mice were used in this study and divided into fourgroups . The first group were injected I/P with 0.2 ml of Asp. fumigatus containing1X105 spores / ml , 4th group (control)given orally 0.2 ml of PBs.Two mice fromeach treated groups and one from each control group were scarified on week (1,2,3,4).the clinical manifestation of the 1st group were at 2nd week showed dyspnea .Mouldisolated from blood and internal organs at third week , with no isolation from 3rdgroup. The Histopathological observations showed presence of degeneration ,necrosis and diffused granuloma in liver, lung , spleen , kidney and hemorrhage withthrombosis in brain and intestine .

Investigation of Effects of Silymarin in 5-Fluorouracil Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Sengul ◽  
Volkan Gelen ◽  
Serkan Yildirim ◽  
Esra Senturk ◽  
Yusuf Dag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Liver And Kidney Damage

Abstract Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are common side effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Silymarin (SLY) on 5-FU induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. In our study, 10 mice in each group were randomly divided into four groups as the control group, 5-FU, SLY50+5-FU, and SLY100+5-FU group. SLY50+5-FU and SLY100+5-FU groups were administered at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg for seven days, respectively. 5-FU was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the fourth day. After the applications, the mice were decapitated under anesthesia. The liver and kidney functions which urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels were analyzed in serum. In liver and renal tissues, MDA and GSH levels, SOD, CAT, and GR activity were determined. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were examined in liver and kidney sections. Urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, and total bilirubin levels increased 5-FU group according to control and prevented to this increases the especially high dose of SLY. 5-FU also causes histopathological and immunohistochemical changes such as degeneration, necrosis, hyperemia, DNA damage, and IL-6 increase in kidney and liver tissue. High doses of SLY prevented these changes caused by 5-FU. As a result of this study, it was determined that SLY has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects on 5-FU-induced liver and kidney damage in mice.

Biodistribution and Toxicity Study of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles of Different Sizes after Intravenous Injection in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Jie Fang ◽  
Lu Lu Yuan ◽  
Chen Jie Yao ◽  
Yan Li Wang ◽  
Ming Hong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used in many fields. The bio-distribution and toxicology of different sizes (25 nm and 50 nm) of TiO2-NPsin vivois evaluated in this paper. The results of quantitative distributionin vivoshow that it is difficult for TiO2-NPs to excretion clearly from tissues and organs. At the endpoint of experiment of different groups, there are still many TiO2-NPs located in the main organs such as spleen, liver and lung after 120 days. Blood biochemical parameters keep unchanged compared with control group. However, pathological results show that lesions in spleen, liver and lung where TiO2-NPs particles are mainly accumulated and retained are getting serious with the time prolonging. The results indicate that TiO2-NPs are low toxic to mice but may have some potential effects on liver and kidney functions after exposure long time. The fundamental importance information gained from such a study will give the guidance on the application of TiO2-NPs.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract Cyperus rotundus Tubers as Antioxidant on Liver and Kidney Functions in Albino Males Rats Exposed to Cadmium Chloride Toxic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0315
Author(s):  
Aldulaimi Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

          The experiment was conducted in two stages: first stage: determination of the most effective dose of Cyperus rotundus tubers aquatic extract in male rats for 5 days, which was concentrated as (200 mg/kg body weight). The second stage was designed to observe and test the protective effects of C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract in the liver and kidney functions of male rats exposed to cadmium chloride poisoning (5 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. The animals were divided into (4) groups within each group (5) animals weighted (200-220g). The results of oral dose of cadmium chloride showed a significant increase of (P˂0.05) in the activity of both enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). And a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the values ​​of total protein, albumin, globulin and glutathione (GSH) compared with the control group. The oral dosage of the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract resulted in a significant increase in GSH. The values ​​of each were not significantly different ALT, AST, ALP, Glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, MDA and peroxy nitrite Compare with control group. The results of the oral dosage with (C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract + cadmium chloride) showed a positive effect on these values ​​compared with the control group and cadmium chloride. It is concluded that the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract has protective effects and reduces the effects that cadmium chloride can cause in rats liver and kidney functions through its antioxidant activity and removal of free radicals.

scholarly journals Hazardous Effects of SiO2 Nanoparticles on Liver and Kidney Functions, Histopathology Characteristics, and Transcriptomic Responses in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Mustafa Shukry ◽  
Omnia I. El Euony ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed Soliman ◽  
Ahmed E. Noreldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Dose Dependent

The current investigation assessed the impacts of sub-lethal concentrations of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) on hepato-renal functions, histopathological characteristics, and gene transcription in gills and liver of Nile tilapia juveniles. Fish were exposed to 20, 40, and 100 mg/L of SiO2NPs for 3 weeks. Pairwise comparisons with the control group showed a significant dose-dependent elevation in serum ALP, ALT, and AST enzyme activities as well as blood urea and creatinine levels in SiO2NP-intoxicated groups. Exposure to 100 mg/L SiO2NPs significantly upregulated expression of HSP70, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 genes in the gills as compared to the control group. Moreover, exposure to 100 mg/L SiO2NPs significantly upregulated the expression SOD, HSP70, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α genes in the hepatic tissues as compared to the control group. Exposure of fish to 20 mg SiO2NPs/L significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of IL-12 in both the gills and liver tissues. Notably, all tested SiO2NP concentrations significantly upregulated the transcription of CASP3 gene in gills and liver of Nile tilapia as compared to the control group. Interestingly, varying histopathological alterations in renal, hepatopancreatic, and branchial tissues were observed to be correlated to the tested SiO2NP concentrations. In conclusion, our results provide additional information on the toxic impacts of SiO2NPs in Nile tilapia at the hematological, tissue, and molecular levels.

scholarly journals Prospective Evaluation of Aspergillus fumigatus-Specific IgG in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience Eschenhagen ◽  
Claudia Grehn ◽  
Carsten Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Igg

BackgroundIn Cystic Fibrosis (CF), the airways are often colonized by opportunistic fungi. The most frequently detected mold is Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). Af diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common clinical picture caused by Af is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), triggered by an immunological reaction against Af. Af bronchitis and invasive aspergillosis rarely occur in CF as a result of spore colonization and germination. Since pulmonary mycoses and exacerbations by other pathogens overlap in clinical, radiological, and immunological characteristics, diagnosis still remains a challenge. The search for reliable, widely available biomarkers for Af diseases is therefore still an important task today.ObjectivesAf-specific IgG m3 is broadly available. Sensitivity and specificity data are contradictory and differ depending on the study population. In our prospective study on pulmonary Af diseases in CF, we determined specific IgG m3 in order to test its suitability as a biomarker for acute Af diseases and as a follow-up parameter.MethodsIn this prospective single center study, 109 patients with CF were screened from 2016 to 2019 for Af-associated diseases. According to diagnostic criteria, they were divided into four groups (control, bronchitis, ABPA, pneumonia). The groups were compared with respect to the level of Af-specific IgG (ImmunoCAP Gm3). We performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine cut-off, sensitivity and specificity. Twenty-one patients could be enrolled for a follow-up examination.ResultsOf the 109 patients, 36 were classified as acute Af-disease (Af bronchitis, ABPA, Af pneumonia). Of these, 21 patients completed follow up-screening. The median Af-specific Gm3 was higher in the acute Af-disease groups. There was a significant difference in Af-specific IgG m3 compared to the control group without acute Af-disease. Overall, there was a large interindividual distribution of Gm3. A cut-off value of 78.05 mg/L for Gm3 was calculated to discriminate controls and patients with ABPA/pneumonia with a specificity of 75% and a sensitivity of 74.6%. The follow up examination of 21 patients showed a decrease of Gm3 in most patients without statistical significance due to the small number of follow up patients.ConclusionAf specific IgG may be a useful biomarker for acute ABPA and Af pneumonia, but not for Af bronchitis in CF. However, due to the large interindividual variability of Gm3, it should only be interpreted alongside other biomarkers. Therefore, due to its broad availability, it could be suitable as a biomarker for ABPA and Af pneumonia in CF, if the results can be supported by a larger multicenter cohort.

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