SILENCING OF SELF AND DEPRESSION: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Tavleen Kaur ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Palak Upadhyay ◽  
Bholeshwar Prasad Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Microsoft Windows ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Background:Jack's self silencing theory is consequential in postulating how females form concepts about self, based on their relationships with valued others and if an attempt at it fails, then an extreme set of cognitive schemas ensues. These schemas are named as silencing of self. Jack has conjectured that silencing of self has purpose in manifestation and maintenance of depression. The manner in which it plays a role is different for both males and females, where initial theory and a plethora of research have found it to be higher in the later than in the former, while some have had contrary ndings. The existing pool of research does not give explorations of these variables in an Indian context. Therefore this study is a humble effort to make these inquisitions. Method: The study was conducted on the patients undergoing treatment for depression in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital. The study was undertaken involving 100 cases of depression and 100 healthy volunteers as controls after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent of all the study subjects. Information was collected via predesigned questionnaires. All statistical calculations were done using SPSS 21 version statistical program for Microsoft Windows. Conclusion: Results showed that depressed subjects showed higher silencing of self as compared to their non-depressed counter parts. Overall, males showed higher silencing of self as compared to females.

Assessment of Stature from Hand Span - A Cross Sectional Descriptive Investigation among Undergraduate Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
Mani Kathapillai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hand Length

BACKGROUND Hand size measurements are commonly used references when instruments are not available and still practiced in rural and even in urban areas of Tamil Nadu. Ancient literature evidences have adequate support for their usage. We wanted to correlate hand span length, hand breadth, and hand length with the stature of an individual. We also wanted to compare the level of correlation of hand span length between males and females. METHODS 214 students were recruited for this study as a convenient sample size. Male students were 122, females were 92. They were aged between 18 - 23 years of Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute. Hand span is the distance between tips of the casually extended pollex and minimus. RESULTS The results of Pearson’s correlations were moderately significant between height and the hand breadth (0.315), between height and weight (0.340), and between height and hand length (0.387). The extent of correlation was significant between height and the hand span (0.954) in case of males. In case of females, value of the correlation was also moderately significant between height and the hand breadth (0.619), between height and weight (0.392), between height and hand length (0.515) and between height and the hand span (0.973). CONCLUSIONS The stature was reliably estimated from the hand span length, and the same could be applied for the medicolegal, and forensic purposes. KEY WORDS Hand Span, Stature, Medico Legal, Anthropometry

scholarly journals MANDIBULAR CANINE INDEX (MCI)

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
IRFAN AHMED MUGHAL ◽  
ANWAR SAOOD SAQIB ◽  
FARIDA MANZUR
Keyword(s):  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Sexual Identification ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Disasters

Introduction: Dental evidence is valuable in identification of individuals, especially following mass disasters; estimation of age at death of skeletonised remains and establishing guilt in cases of criminal injury by biting. Mandibular canines are found to exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism amongst all teeth. Objective: To investigate the accuracy with which gender can be differentiated by using the mandibular canine index in the Punjabi – Pakistani population. Setting: Independent Medical College and Punjab Medical College,  aisalabad. Period: Dec. 2008 to Dec. 2009. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 200 students, between the age group of 18-25 years, randomly sampled with informed consent (Through 3rd party). Mandibular canine width and intercanine distance were measured with the help of Vernier caliper after observing aseptic conditions. Mandibular canine index was calculated and the observed MCI was compared with the standard MCI value. The data was then analyzed using student’s “t” test. Results: No significant statistical difference was noted between the right and left mandibular canines amongst males and females (same sex) but when comparing between males and females, there was highly statistical significant difference (P < 0.001). The calculated standard MCI for canines of males and females found to be 0.2504. With these calculations we could predict sex correctly at 75.97% in this study (Male: 71.67% and Female: 78.72%). Conclusion: MCI is a quick and reliable method for sexual identification when a standard for the population is available. With these calculations, we could predict the sex correctly at 75.97 % in this study. This method can be used as adjunct to other available tools for sex determination. DNA studies can reveal sex accurately.Availability of comprehensive database with “NADRA” can also be used as adjunct to “MCI” to enhance the accuracy in determination of sex and identity of the person in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Hypospadias surgery: a single centre study to compare different techniques with special emphasis on transverse prepucial onlay island flap urethroplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2868
Author(s):  
Atul Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Island Flap ◽  
Urethral Plate ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Versatile Technique ◽  
Hypospadias Surgery ◽  
Case Basis ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Onlay Island Flap

Background: Urethroplasty for hypospadias is a difficult surgery in the best of hands. One stage surgery is usually preferred for its multiple benefits. Many techniques exist each with its own merits and demerits. Aim of the study was to compare different techniques in hypospadias surgery with special emphasis on transverse prepucial onlay island flap urethroplasty.Methods: All children operated for hypospadias from the period of 2016-2019 in Department of Surgery at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur were included in the group after obtained approval from institutional ethical clearance commitee. The technique to be used was decided on a case to case basis depending mainly on the position of the meatus, size of the urethral plate and chordee (ventral curvature). All patients were analyzed for various complications and overall success rate.Results: 77 patients were operated and analyzed.  Overall the study could not establish the superiority of one technique above another. At the same time it establishes the versatility, satisfactory results and low complication rate of transverse prepucial onlay island flap (TPOIF) in different types of hypospadias.Conclusions: Success in urethroplasty depends on proper case selection, meticulous technique, a buttressing layer wherever possible and that TPOIF is a versatile technique for single stage hypospadias repair in distal, mid and proximal penile hypospadias.

scholarly journals Transepidermal Water Loss after Water Immersion

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
Rattanavalai Nitiyarom ◽  
Nampen Siriwat ◽  
Wanee Wisuthsarewong
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
Cumulative Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Objective: To observe changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at different times after water immersion.Materials and Methods: TEWL values were measured before water immersion and at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after immersion of the skin in water for 5 minutes.Results: Forty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled with an average age of 30.4±5.5 years. Twenty-five subjects were female and sixteen were male. The TEWL value before water immersion (TEWLbaseline) was 13.16±7.27 g/m2/h and TEWL values at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes after immersion were 23.21±7.67, 16.12±3.42, 14.76±6.36, 14.45±6.67, 13.53±4.67 and 12.96±5.18 g/m2/h, respectively. After immersion, TEWL values at 3 and 5 minutes statistically increased compared to TEWLbaseline (p<0.001). TEWL values between 10 to 30 minutes gradually dropped with no statistically significant difference compared to the previous period and TEWLbaseline. Although total water loss from the skin occurred within 30 minutes, 56.9% of it occurred within 10 minutes after immersion. There was no significant difference between TEWLbaseline in males and females but the TEWL values at 3, 5 and 15 minutes after immersion in males was higher than in females (p<0.05). Conclusion: TEWL statistically increased after water immersion for only 5 minutes. The cumulative percentage of TEWL was high within 10 minutes. Gender did not affect TEWL values before immersion; however, males experienced more water loss from the skin than females after immersion. Therefore, moisturizer should be applied immediately before TEWL occurs.

scholarly journals FINGERPRINT PATTERN CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED CHILDREN - AN ORIGINAL STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 014-016
Author(s):  
Meril Ann Soman ◽  
Ramakrishna Avadhani ◽  
Rani Nallathamby ◽  
Meera Jacob ◽  
Charly Chacko Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Original Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Ulnar Loop ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern ◽  
Loop Pattern ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractFingerprint patterns are unique patterns made by friction ridges and furrows present on the pads of finger tips. Uniqueness and persistence are the two underlying features of fingerprint patterns. Aim of this present study was to determine the differences in the incidence of fingerprint patterns in intellectually disabled children compared to normal healthy children. Intellectual disability is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood and is characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior. The present study comprising of 120 students (60 intellectually disabled and 60 controls) was carried out in Pediatrics outpatient department, Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore. The incidence of the four fingerprint patterns (Ulnar loop, Radial loop, Whorls and Arches) were determined in both the groups. Ulnar loop pattern had the highest incidence in both the groups and the least incidence was shown by arch pattern. There exists difference in the frequency of the fingerprint patterns in males and females of both the groups. The study was conducted to observe for any difference in the incidence of fingerprint patterns between intellectually disabled and normal children.

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CHILDHOOD POISONING

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 069-072
Author(s):  
Pratik Vijay Tarvadi ◽  
Shankar M. Bakkannavar ◽  
Vikram Palimar ◽  
G. Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Mahabalesh Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Childhood Poisoning ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Accidental paediatric poisoning is a common medical emergency and also associated with a high morbidity and mortality in children. In developing countries like India, the poisoning emergencies are becoming a major cause of mortality in infants and toddlers. Among the various studies done on poisoning cases in our country, the study on poisoning is more or less only on adults and hence this study is taken up to understand the number of childhood poisoning cases (based on gender). Method: A ten year record based cross sectional study from January 1999 to December 2008 was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, to understand the magnitude of childhood poisoning cases among males and females at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Results: Male children were predominantly affected (male: female::1.32: 1). Most of the poisoning cases occurred at home in both the genders with boy to girl ratio based on percentage in indoor poisoning being 0.92:1 and boy to girl ratio based on percentage in outcome being 1.06:1. Conclusion: Our study examines the difference in place and outcome of poisoning among boys and girls to identify population at risk and give suggestions so as to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

Comprehension and recall from the informed consent process by phase I healthy volunteers before dose administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Tadros ◽  
Gillian E Caughey ◽  
Sally Johns ◽  
Sepehr Shakib
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Informed Consent Process ◽  
Consent Process ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trials ◽  
Study Drug Administration

Aims/Background A fundamental part of all clinical trials is informed consent, reflecting the respect for the volunteer’s autonomy. Research participation is voluntary; therefore, certain aspects of the proposed study must be disclosed so that volunteers can make an informed decision. In this study, we aimed to examine the level of comprehension and recall of healthy volunteers from the informed consent process. Methods The study was carried out at a single phase I clinical trials unit. A questionnaire was administered to each volunteer to assess recall of important aspects of the study at the day-1 visit following the informed consent process. The questionnaire contained seven questions regarding study objectives, route, frequency and type of drug administration, adverse effects, number of subjects previously exposed and remuneration. One point was awarded for each correct answer. Results A total of 266 volunteers were administered the questionnaire. The mean total score (±standard deviation) for all volunteers was 4.5 ± 1.1 points out of 7, with a range of 0.8–6.7. For all 10 studies, 91% of volunteers responded correctly when answering about the route of administration, and 90% were able to accurately state the correct payment amount. Only 7% were able to repeat the aims of the study correctly. Conclusion The poor performance of our study volunteers raises concerns about recall of information prior to study drug administration. This has implications for the volunteer’s safety and ability to provide true informed consent. Interventions to improve recall prior to dosing should be undertaken.

scholarly journals P1419 Sex-related differences in cardiac remodeling in health and hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A I H Phua ◽  
S W Tara ◽  
T T Le ◽  
J A Bryant ◽  
D F K Toh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Myocardial Mass ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Ventricular Volumes ◽  
Myocardial Wall ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements National Medical Research Council OnBehalf National Heart Centre Singapore BACKGROUND Adverse cardiac remodelling is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Development of left ventricular hypertrophy (defined as increased myocardial mass) is a complex process mediated by myocardial wall thickening and/or ventricular dilatation. Sex-related differences in the relationship between myocardial mass and wall thickening/ventricular dilatation have not been well-described. PURPOSE We examine differences in determinants and patterns of cardiac remodeling between males and females. METHODS Comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 1006 participants: 316 healthy volunteers (50% males, 46 ± 14 years) and 690 asymptomatic hypertensive patients (60% males, 57 ± 11 years). Myocardial mass, ventricular volumes and maximal myocardial wall thickness (across 16 myocardial segments) were measured using standardized contouring techniques. Clinically relevant variables (age, weight, height, and adiposity) that demonstrated significant univariate association with myocardial mass (P &lt; 0.05) were selected in the multivariable linear regression model using the forward approach. RESULTS Increased body weight, lower body fat composition and higher systolic blood pressures were independently associated with increased myocardial mass in healthy volunteers (males and females) and hypertensive females. In hypertensive males, only increased body weight and elevated systolic blood pressure were independently associated with increased myocardial mass. The association between myocardial mass and ventricular volumes was almost identical between males and females (P = 0.65 for interaction; Figure). Conversely, there was a significant gender-related difference in the association between wall thickness and myocardial mass after adjusting for potential confounders (P &lt; 0.001 for interaction). Concentric remodeling was initially more evident in males; but further with increase, myocardial mass was associated with greater concentric remodeling in females (Figure). Similar results were observed when analyses were performed separately in healthy volunteers and hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION There were sex-related differences in concentric remodeling at progressive stages of myocardial hypertrophy that may explain the higher prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction reported in females. Abstract P1419 Figure

scholarly journals Recall of informed consent information by healthy volunteers in clinical trials

QJM ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fortun ◽  
J. West ◽  
L. Chalkley ◽  
A. Shonde ◽  
C. Hawkey
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthy Volunteers

Age Dependent White Matter Lesions and Brain Volume Changes in Healthy Volunteers

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Christiansen ◽  
H. B. W. Larsson ◽  
C. Thomsen ◽  
S. B. Wieslander ◽  
O. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hyperintensity Lesions

The brain of 142 healthy volunteers aged 21 to 80 years were investigated using MR imaging. The number and size of the white matter hyperintensity lesions (WMHL) in the cerebral hemispheres were determined. Furthermore, the volume of the cerebral hemispheres and of the lateral ventricles was measured. An almost linear increase in the number of volunteers with WMHL was seen with aging for males and females. With aging a significant decrease in the volume of the cerebral hemispheres was found for males, and a significant increase in the volume of the lateral ventricles was seen for both males and females. Our results suggest that with aging central atrophy increases more (relatively) than cortical atrophy. No correlation was found between the decreasing volume of the cerebral hemispheres and the increasing number and size of WMHL, nor between the increasing volume of the lateral ventricles and the increasing number and size of WMHL.

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