Graphene and related 2D materials for desalination : A review of recent patents

10.36227/techrxiv.12173613.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amall Ramanathan ◽

Maha Aqra

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Sea Water ◽

2D Materials ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Low Energy ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Great Progress ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽

Growing Population

The growing population and energy demand, coupled with the depleting fresh water resources has resulted in great progress in sea water desalination (SWD) technologies. Nanopores of 2D materials like graphene and its structural analogs are the latest innovations in membrane technology for SWD. The performance of these novel atomically thin nanopores as seen from various experimental and theoretical studies is highly encouraging with reports of water permeability 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than the conventional reverse osmosis (RO). The potential for high efficiency and the low energy requirements of these nanopores for desalination has led to tremendous efforts in fabrication and commercialization. We present here a review of the very recent patents associated with the preparation of these nanopores, the process and the efficiency of SWD.

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Graphene and Related 2D Materials for Desalination: A Review of Recent Patents

Jordan Journal of Physics ◽

10.47011/13.3.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 233-242

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Sea Water ◽

2D Materials ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Low Energy ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Great Progress ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽

Growing Population

Abstract: The growing population and energy demand, coupled with the depleting fresh water resources resulted in great progress in sea water desalination (SWD) technologies. Nanopores of 2D materials, like graphene and its structural analogs, are the latest innovations in membrane technology for SWD. The performance of these novel atomically thin nanopores, as seen from various experimental and theoretical studies, is highly encouraging with reports of water permeability 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than the conventional reverse osmosis (RO). The potential for high efficiency and the low energy requirements of these nanopores for desalination led to tremendous efforts in fabrication and commercialization. We present here a review of the very recent patents associated with the preparation of these nanopores, the process and the efficiency of SWD. Keywords: 2D nanopores, Graphene, Membrane, Patents, Desalination.

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RO elements provide high-efficiency, low-energy sea-water desalination

Membrane Technology ◽

10.1016/s0958-2118(14)70027-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 (2) ◽

pp. 2

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Sea Water ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Low Energy

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Design and Experiment of Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Unit for Water Supply System of Heat Recovery Boiler of Steam Injection Gas Turbine (STIG) Plant

Volume 3: Heat Transfer; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration ◽

10.1115/97-gt-504 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

Niu Limin ◽

Zheng Qun

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Sea Water ◽

Steam Injection ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Heat Recovery Boiler ◽

Fine Filter ◽

Recovery Boiler

STIG power plant is a competitive choice for commercial use because of its inherent characteristics and high efficiency. But if it was to be a marine propulsive engine, a fresh water supplying system should be provided for the heat recovery boiler. A two stage experimental reverse osmosis (RO) sea water desalination system which consist of an RO membrane and fine filter and super fine filter etc. is established. The experiments on the system and measurements of the desalination water quality indicate that the RO desalination system is suitable for marine STIG power plant. Some design and experimental problems and experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper.

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SOLAR SEA WATER DESALINATION WITH A HIGH EFFICIENCY MULTI EFFECT SOLAR STILL

Advances In Solar Energy Technology ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-034315-0.50521-8 ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 2814-2818 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Heschl ◽

R. Sizmann

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Sea Water ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Solar Still

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Very Low Energy Collision Induced Vibrational Relaxation: An Overview

Laser Chemistry ◽

10.1155/lc.2.137 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 2 (3-4) ◽

pp. 137-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stuart A. Rice ◽

Charles Cerjan

Keyword(s):

Vibrational Relaxation ◽

Polyatomic Molecules ◽

Low Energy ◽

Quantum Mechanical ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

The Novel ◽

Energy Collision ◽

Quantum Mechanical Treatment ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽

Full Quantum

Recent experimental and theoretical studies of very low energy collision induced vibrational relaxation in diatomic and polyatomic molecules are surveyed. Emphasis is placed on the novel features of the very low energy process; these require a full quantum mechanical treatment of the collision to account for the observations.

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Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Low-Energy Penning Ionization of NH3, CH3F, and CHF3

ChemPhysChem ◽

10.1002/cphc.201600608 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 3776-3782 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Krzysztof Jachymski ◽

Michał Hapka ◽

Justin Jankunas ◽

Andreas Osterwalder

Keyword(s):

Low Energy ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Penning Ionization ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies

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High efficiency dye laser with low fluorescence yield pyrromethene dyes: experimental and theoretical studies

Applied Physics B ◽

10.1007/s00340-010-4287-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 917-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. K. Jagtap ◽

D. K. Maity ◽

A. K. Ray ◽

K. Dasgupta ◽

S. K. Ghosh

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Fluorescence Yield ◽

Dye Laser ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies

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Experimental and theoretical studies of effects of anharmonicity and high-temperature disorder on Raman scattering in fluorite crystals

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1978.0071 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 360 (1702) ◽

pp. 317-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Keyword(s):

Raman Scattering ◽

Fluorite Structure ◽

Low Energy ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Nearest Neighbour ◽

Anion Sublattice ◽

Anion Vacancies ◽

Polarized Raman ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽

Raman Active Phonon

Some crystals with the fluorite structure, e.g. CaF 2 , SrF 2 , BaF 2 , SrCl 2 and PbF 2 , are known to exhibit a specific heat anomaly at temperatures T c well below the melting point. It is generally assumed that this anomaly is associated with the development of extensive disorder in the anion sublattice. To study this disorder we have carried out polarized Raman scattering investigations of these crystals in the temperature range 4-1420 K. Fluorite crystals have one Raman-active phonon with T 2g symmetry. We find th at the position and shape of this line below T c can be explained in detail by using third- and fourth-order anharmonicity. At T c and above additional scattering develops on the low-energy side of the T 2g phonon and this is accounted for by a theory of defect-induced scattering which includes effects of both anion vacancies and interstitials. Both force-constant and polarizability changes are considered in a nearest-neighbour approximation.

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