Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Genotypic Effect of Groundnut on Nodulation, N Fixation and N Balance in The Two Savannahs of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Other Hand

Identification of high N-fixing groundnut genotypes and integrating them into the prevailing cereal-based cropping systems can reduce the need for nitrogen (N) fertilizers, thus minimizing their high cost and associated environmental consequences. This study was conducted to estimate the amount of symbiotically fixed N by groundnut genotypes and its contribution to soil N and yield of groundnut. Trials were carried out during the 2015 rainy season at Bayero University Kano (BUK) Agricultural Research Farm and the research farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Samaru-Zaria. The treatments comprised of 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWASO) arranged in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. Data on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and N balance were collected. The results of the study showed that ICGV-IS 09932 significantly fixed the highest amount of N at IAR location while the lowest was obtained in KWANKWASO. On the other hand, SAMNUT-22 fixed the highest N among the genotypes while ICGV- SM 07539 fixed the lowest N in BUK location. Similarly, SAMNUT-22 which fixed moderate to high amount of N but low to moderate NHI was the best genotype that imparted positively to soil N balance among the genotypes when only the grains were removed across the locations. On the other hand, SAMNUT-21 which fixed low to high amount of N to the soil but accumulated low N in its grains was the best genotype that left fairly close to zero nitrogen balance, even though imparted negatively on soil N balance when both grains and haulms were removed.

scholarly journals Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Varieties as Influenced by the Application of Cow Dung and Poultry Manure in Jega, Kebbi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Muhammad ◽  
H. Y. Sanda ◽  
U. Aliyu ◽  
A. Tijjani ◽  
M. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
State University ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Pod Length

Field trials were conducted at the Fadama Teaching and Research farm Jega, Kebbi state University of Science and Technology Aliero, during the 2017 and 2018 dry seasons, to study the Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Varieties as Influenced by Cow Dung and Poultry Manure Application. The treatments consisted of two (2) manure levels (Cow dung 12 t ha-1 and Poultry manure 6.6 t ha-1); each were designed to supply 120 kg N ha-1 using cow dung and poultry manure and three (3) varieties of okra namely LD88, NHAE47-4 and Dogo variety which were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The results obtained revealed that yield parameters such as Number of pods per plant (13.08 and 14.11), Mean pod weight (17.59 g and 19.31 g), Mean pod length (6.13 cm and 6.83 cm), Fresh pod weight per plant (0.19 kg and 23 kg) and Pod yield (5.65 and 6.38 t ha-1) were significantly increased when the nitrogen dose of 120 kgN ha-1 was applied using PM 6.6 t ha-1 in conjunction with NHAE47-4 in both 2017 and 2018. Mean pod diameter (cm) was statistically similar with both the application of CD 12 t ha-1 and PM 6.6 t ha-1. Significant interaction effect was observed between variety and manure on Number of pod plant-1 (13.97 and 13.43), and Pod yield (6.21 and 7.29 t ha-1) in both 2017 and 2018 while Mean pod diameter (3.42 cm) in only 2017. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that in Jega, Kebbi state of Nigeria which falls within the Sudan Savannah agro-ecological zone, NHAE47-4 okra variety yields better than Dogo and LD88. Therefore, NHAE47-4 variety in conjunction with PM 6.6t ha-1 application could be selected for increased okra production in the study area.

A, The ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF JUNGLE RICE (ECHINOCHLOA COLONA L.) AND FALSE AMARANTH (DIGERA ARVENSIS FORSSK.) IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Amir Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1 ◽  
Amjed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Competitive Index ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT There is little understanding about ecological interference of weeds in direct-seeded rice. To get estimates of economic thresholds of two weeds in direct seeded rice, two-year field trials were conducted at research area of College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. Treatments included 0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 plants m-2 densities of each of Echinochloa colona and Digera arvensis laid out in randomized complete block design. Augmented densities of E. colona (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 weed plants m-2) enhanced its plant dry biomass up to 348 and 353%; and relative competitive index maximally to 80 and 77% in years 2015 and 2016, respectively. While the corresponding increases in plant dry weight and relative competitive index of D. arvensis were 367 and 360% and 79 and 82%. The enhancement in N (up to 258 & 257 %), P (up to 220 & 232%) and K (up to 293 & 301%) uptake in years 2015 and 2016, respectively were made by E. Colona whereas the corresponding increases in N, P and K assimilation by D. arvensis were as far as 265 & 257%, 238 & 233% and 305 & 298%, respectively. The declines in growth and yield of rice were observed in response to growing number of both the weeds. Rice grain yield losses ranged between 9.8 to 80% and 28 to 80% by E. Colona and D. arvensis. The economic thresholds of false amaranth and jungle rice were estimated to be 1.6-1.4 plants m-2 and 2.2-2.6 plants m-2, respectively.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAYING WITH POTASSIUM SILICATE AND IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER IN SANDY SOIL ON Calendula officinalis L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

Two pots experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of El-Qassasin Horticultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2016/2017 – 2017/2018, to investigate the effect of potassium silicate at (0, 4, 6, and 8 cm3/l) as a foliar spray under different levels of water salinity (tap water, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) on Calendula officinalis L. plant. The experiment was performed in complete randomized block design as factorial experiment with 3 replicates. The obtained results cleared that using salinity levels decreased growth parameters (plant height, number of branches/plant, fresh and dry weights of herb/plant), flowering parameters (flower diameter, number of flowers/plant, fresh and dry weight of flowers (g/plant) during eight cuts and fresh and dry weight of flowers (g/plant/season)) and chemical constituents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carbohydrate and carotenoid contents) compared to control. Moreover, the highest values in these parameters were registered by potassium silicate at 8 cm3/l concentration. Proline content increased in leaves with using saline water at 3000 ppm + potassium silicate at 8 cm3/l. Generally, it could be concluded that potassium silicate at 8 cm3/l, showed a uniform impact in alleviating inhibition of Calendula officinallis L. plant growth and productivity under moderate salinity stress condition.

scholarly journals Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization in cropping systems with grass, lucerne and maize. 2. Nitrogen yield and utilization.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
J.H.J. Spiertz ◽  
L. Sibma
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency

The N yield and the N use efficiency were studied in a 3-year experiment with various cropping systems of Lolium perenne, Medicago sativa and maize. N yields of L. perenne and maize were about 450 and 200 kg/ha, resp. N yields of M. sativa ranged from about 400 to 600 kg/ha depending on crop age and weather conditions. N fixation rates of M. sativa were assessed in 1982 and ranged from 107 to 507 kg/ha for high (450 kg N/ha) and no N fertilization, resp. The after-effects of 1-, 2- and 3-year crops of L. perenne, M. sativa and maize on the DM and N yields of a test crop of maize were measured. Depending on the age of the preceding L. perenne crop, annually supplied with 450 kg N/ha, the N after-effects ranged from 120 to 175 kg/ha. The after-effect of a previous cropping with M. sativa was independent of the N dressing and ranged from 140 to 175 kg/ha. For comparison, the after-effect of a preceding maize crop ranged from 90 to 110 kg/ha. Mineral soil N reserves were determined in spring and autumn. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Mulch Application on Growth Performance and Pod Yields of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under Irrigated Condition

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Molla ◽  
Girma Abera ◽  
Sheleme Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Banana Leaves

Hot pepper is an important vegetable and spice crop in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of hot pepper is limited by poor soil fertility and lack of proper soil and water conservation measures under irrigated condition. Therefore, hot pepper crop response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer and mulching experiment was conducted at Alage ATVET College. The treatments consisted of three mulch types (no mulch, transparent plastic mulch, and dry banana leaves mulch) and four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A hot pepper cultivar commonly known as “MarekoFana” was used for the study. Days to 50% flowering, 50% fruit set, maturity and harvest were significantly prolonged in response to increasing N application. The delays were about 7, 19, 23 and 12 days at the N levels of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1respectively compared to the control. The analysis of variance revealed that plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, dry weight of seeds per pod, total weight of dried pods per plant, weight of individual dry pods and width were significantly (P = .001) increased by the main effect of mulching. Generally, the results revealed that nitrogen application significantly (P = .001) influenced all growth parameters, pod yield, and yield components of the crop. Nitrogen application at 100 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest total dried pod yield (4.5 tha-1), marketable yield (3.76 t ha- 1), pod length (13.3 cm), pod width (3.2 cm), mean dry weight of pod (3.85 g), and seed number per pod (108.4). The interaction of N and mulching also significantly (P = .05) affected marketable and total pod yields. In conclusion, based on agronomic performance and partial budget analyses results we recommend a combined application of dry banana leaves mulch and 100 kg N ha-1 for economically feasible and sustainable hot pepper production in Alage areas of Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.

Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

scholarly journals Phenotypic, Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Five Tunisian Varieties of Chickpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongi Melki ◽  
Abir Gsouri ◽  
Mariem Bouhadida ◽  
Hnya Chograni ◽  
Mohsen Rezgui
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Five Tunisian varieties of Kabuli chickpea were characterized based on agro morphological, molecular and biochemical parameters to investigate their genetic variability and yield potential. Randomized complete block design field trials were carried out in the upper semi-arid region of Kef in Tunisia during the 2013-2014 seasons. Data analysis showed significant differences between genotypes for several parameters. The results indicated that these genotypes could be set into two different groups. The first group composed of Bochra and Chetoui genotypes. Kasseb, Neyer and Beja1 were in the second group. Genotypes in each group were closely related to each other according to their common morphological characters such as pod number, one hundred seeds weight and yield.  Chetoui and Kasseb varieties are later in comparison to other varieties. Genetic diversity was studied using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Four loci (TA64, TA71, TA96, TA194) were multiallelic. Whereas while two loci (TA72, GAA47) were monomorphic. Polymorphism analysis showed a phylogeny related to genotypes differentiation according to their relatives, origin and several morphological characters. Bochra variety had high amino acids content followed by Chetoui variety. All the varieties were deficient in sulfur amino acids. Chickpeas protein contents were variable and high ranging from 18% to 25%.

scholarly journals Plant Population and Replant Method Effects on Peanut Seeded in Single Rows

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
J.M. Sarver ◽  
R.S. Tubbs ◽  
J.P. Beasley ◽  
A.K. Culbreath ◽  
T.L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Addition ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Reduced Rate

ABSTRACT The University of Georgia Extension recommendation for optimum plant stand in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is 13.1 plants/m, although previous work has shown that yield potential can be maintained at lower plant stands. The unpredictable and often extreme weather and the ubiquity of pathogens in the region often contribute to poor emergence and poor plant stands. When plant stand is adversely affected, replanting the field may be a practical option. The objectives of this study were to determine i) the effect of plant stand on yield, grade and disease incidence, ii) at what plant stand peanut gains an advantage from replanting and iii) the best method for replanting peanut when an adequate stand is not achieved. Field trials took place in Plains, GA in 2011, 2012, and 2013; and Tifton, GA in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate peanut production at six plant stands (3.3, 4.9, 6.6, 8.2, 9.8, and 11.5 plants/m, in addition to a 13.1 plants/m control) in combination with three replant practices; i) no replant, ii) destroy the original stand and replant at a full seeding rate, and iii) add a reduced rate of seed to supplement the original stand) in a randomized complete block design. A positive linear trend for yield and a negative linear trend for tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus incidence were discovered as plant stand increased. Yield advantages from replanting occurred via supplemental seed addition to initial stands of 3.3 and 8.2 plants/m. Destroying the initial stand and completely replanting was never beneficial when compared to the other two replant practices. Replanting is warranted via supplemental seed addition at plant stands equal-to or below 8.2 plants/m.

Appropriate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Regime for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) In the Humid Tropics

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (70) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
E. Akpojotor ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
C. Adejuyigbe ◽  
S.O. Adigbo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
P Fertilizer

AbstractTwo field trials were conducted on the Research Farm of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria during the late cropping seasons (Jun.–Nov.) of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the agronomic performance of four recently released sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-1, SMASUN-2, SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4) to three fertilizer regimes: Control, Split application of 30 kg N + 28 kg P2O5 at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at anthesis and Single application of 60 kg N and 56 kg P2O5 at 21DAS. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, seed yield and yield attributes, and quality. The varietal effect was only significant in 2015 for head weight, a number of achene per head and 100 achene weight. Application of N and P fertilizer either as split or single significantly (P ≤ 0.05; F-test) enhanced plant height at R5 and R9, 100 achene weight, achene weight per head and grain yield in both years. Single application resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield in 2014 than the split and control and was on par with a split. Significant variety × fertilizer regime was recorded for protein content in 2014 and 2015, and oil content in 2015. Therefore, a single application of N and P fertilizers at 21 WAS is recommended for adoption in the humid tropics to enhance seed and oil production of SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4.

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