scholarly journals CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN CHILDREN OF UKRAINE: 25-YEAR MONITORING OF MORBIDITY AND PREVALENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193-2197
Author(s):  
Oleksandr P. Volosovets ◽  
Tetyana O. Kryuchko ◽  
Viktor L. Veselskyi ◽  
Sergii P. Kryvopustov ◽  
Tetiana M. Volosovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

The aim: Of the work was to study 25-year trends in the incidence of congenital anomalies in the child population of Ukraine in order to determine the impact of ecotoxic environmental factors on their development, in particular radiation. Materials and methods: Methods of statistical assessment, epidemiological analysis of materials at the Center for Medical Statistics of the MOH of Ukraine were used. Results: The rate of congenital anomalies growth for the recent 25 years has exceeded the growth rate of the total incidence in the child population of Ukraine by 1.6 times, occupying the leading place in Europe by the level of environment pollution. Over the last 25 years, the growth of the Ukrainian children’s congenital anomalies incidence level by 59.5% is observed, mostly in children from large industrial regions of Ukraine, due to the significant ecotoxic effect of pollutants on the child’s body. Children living permanently in the areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident had significantly higher rates of congenital anomalies in 1986 than in the early 1990s, but over the recent 25 years the incidence in this contingent has decreased. Conclusions: The results of such long-term studies performed by a group of leading Ukrainian scientists from different regions of Ukraine indicate that in children experiencing negative effects of ecotoxic factors, including radiation, an increase in the detection and prevalence of congenital defects is observed, which requires complex international and intersectoral measures to prevent and reduce child mortality.

Welfare Use in Japan: Trends and Determinants

2007 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Wataru Suzuki ◽  
Yanfei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Welfare Use ◽  
The Impact

This article represents the first step in filling a large gap in knowledge concerning why Public Assistance (PA) use recently rose so fast in Japan. Specifically, we try to address this problem not only by performing a Blanchard and Quah decomposition on long-term monthly time series data (1960:04-2006:10), but also by estimating prefecturelevel longitudinal data. Two interesting findings emerge from the time series analysis. The first is that permanent shock imposes a continuously positive impact on the PA rate and is the main driving factor behind the recent increase in welfare use. The second finding is that the impact of temporary shock will last for a long time. The rate of the use of welfare is quite rigid because even if the PA rate rises due to temporary shocks, it takes about 8 or 9 years for it to regain its normal level. On the other hand, estimations of prefecture-level longitudinal data indicate that the Financial Capability Index (FCI) of the local government2 and minimum wage both impose negative effects on the PA rate. We also find that the rapid aging of Japan's population presents a permanent shock in practice, which makes it the most prominent contribution to surging welfare use.

The impact of Vaccination worldwide on SARS-CoV-2 infection: A Review on Vaccine Mechanisms, Results of Clinical Trials, Vaccinal Coverage and Interactions with Novel Variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Henrique Pereira Damasceno ◽  
Arthur Aguiar Amaral ◽  
Cecília Andrade Silva ◽  
Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemiological Information ◽  
Long Term Studies

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic demanded a global effort towards quickly developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Objective: This review aimed to discuss the main vaccines available, their mechanisms of action, results of clinical trials and epidemiological behavior. The implications of viral variants were also debated. Methods: A non-systematic literature review was performed between February and March 2021 by searching the Pubmed, Scopus, and SciELO databases, using different combinations of the following terms: "vaccines", "clinical trials" , "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19", "mechanisms of action". Data regarding clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and epidemiological information were also searched. Results: The mechanisms of action included vector-virus, mRNA and inactivated virus vaccines. The vaccines showed positive results in phases 2/3 clinical trials. The efficacy of the mRNA 1273 and of mRNA BNT 162b2 vaccines were 94.1% and 95%, respectively. The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine varied according to the scheme, with an overall value of 70.4%. The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine had an efficacy of 91.6%. Regarding the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, 99% or more of seroconversion was observed in all subgroups 29 days after vaccination. The CoronaVac vaccine induced an immune response in 92% of the volunteers receiving 3ug and in 98% with 6ug, in comparison to 3% in the placebo group. Conclusion: Global efforts have resulted in vaccines available in record time, with good safety and immunogenicity profile. However, only long-term studies can provide more information on duration of immunity and the need for additional doses.

scholarly journals Zoom fatigue wśród nastolatków

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Ewa Pudłowska
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
School Psychologist ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
School Activities ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to analyze a new social phenomenon that appeared during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, i.e. zoom fatigue. Zoom fatigue is the result of fatigue from long-term conferences, which can also be related to long-term school lessons during distance learning. The main considerations will focus on teenagers, namely on the impact of zoom fatigue on teenagers in Polish schools and on observation of students from technical secondary schools by a school psychologist. This paper, based on the results of research conducted at Stanford University and by Social Changes, is also an attempt to answer the questions: what risks may arise from the phenomenon of zoom fatigue and the threat posed by distance learning for teenagers in the era of Covid-19. It will also attempt to answer the question of how to help students cope with the fatigue of long distance school activities and find ways to help teens deal with isolation and the negative effects of zoom fatigue and find ways to overcome zoom fatigue.

scholarly journals Stability of temperatures from TIMED/SABER v1.07 (2002–2009) and Aura/MLS v2.2 (2004–2009) compared with OH(6-2) temperatures observed at Davis Station, Antarctica

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 21547-21565 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. R. French ◽  
F. J. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Bias ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Miss Distance ◽  
Hydroxyl Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract. Temperature profiles from two satellite instruments – TIMED/SABER and Aura/MLS – have been used to calculate hydroxyl-layer equivalent temperatures for comparison with values measured from OH(6-2) emission lines observed by a ground-based spectrometer located at Davis Station, Antarctica (68° S, 78° E). The profile selection criteria – <500 km from the ground station and solar zenith angles >97° – yielded a total of 2359 SABER profiles over 8 years (2002–2009) and 7407 MLS profiles over 5.5 years (2004–2009). The availability of simultaneous OH volume emission rate (VER) profiles from the SABER (OH-B channel) enabled an assessment of the impact of several different weighting functions in the calculation of OH-equivalent temperatures. The maximum difference between all derived hydroxyl layer equivalent temperatures was less than 3 K. Restricting the miss-distance and miss-time criteria showed little effect on the bias, suggesting that the OH layer is relatively uniform over the spatial and temporal scales considered. However, a significant trend was found in the bias between SABER and Davis OH of ~0.7 K/year over the 8-year period with SABER becoming warmer compared with the Davis OH temperatures. In contrast, Aura MLS exhibited a cold bias of 9.9 ± 0.4 K compared with Davis OH, but importantly, the bias remained constant over the 2004–2009 year period examined. The difference in bias behaviour of the two satellites has significant implications for multi-annual and long-term studies using their data.

Laboratory Investigations on the Effects of Bacteria on Fine-Grained Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sowmya ◽  
P.S. Meenu ◽  
R. Asha Latha ◽  
Devendra Narain Singh
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Prospective Application ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Long Term Studies

Over the years, the field of geotechnical engineering focused on physical, chemical and mechanical aspects of the geomaterials. However, recent developments in environmental geotechnics have highlighted the impact of biological processes on geo-materials and their performance. Also, the present day geotechnical problems favour biological interventions to develop eco-friendly and sustainable technology. In view of this, the present study is a preliminary investigation on the impact of microbial loading on fine-grained soils. In addition, a protocol has been developed to establish ‘bio-geo interface’ between bacteria and the geo-material. However, long term studies are demanded in this direction for in-depth understanding of the mechanism for development of prospective application.

scholarly journals The impact of mass deworming programmes on schooling and economic development: an appraisal of long-term studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 2140-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jullien ◽  
David Sinclair ◽  
Paul Garner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

scholarly journals Stability of temperatures from TIMED/SABER v1.07 (2002–2009) and Aura/MLS v2.2 (2004–2009) compared with OH(6-2) temperatures observed at Davis Station, Antarctica

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 11439-11446 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. R. French ◽  
F. J. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Bias ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Miss Distance ◽  
Hydroxyl Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract. Temperature profiles from two satellite instruments – TIMED/SABER and Aura/MLS – have been used to calculate hydroxyl-layer equivalent temperatures for comparison with values measured from OH(6-2) emission lines observed by a ground-based spectrometer located at Davis Station, Antarctica (68° S, 78° E). The profile selection criteria – miss-distance <500 km from the ground station and solar zenith angles >97° – yielded a total of 2359 SABER profiles over 8 years (2002–2009) and 7407 MLS profiles over 5.5 years (2004–2009). The availability of simultaneous OH volume emission rate (VER) profiles from the SABER (OH-B channel) enabled an assessment of the impact of several different weighting functions in the calculation of OH-equivalent temperatures. The maximum difference between all derived hydroxyl layer equivalent temperatures was less than 3 K. Restricting the miss-distance and miss-time criteria showed little effect on the bias, suggesting that the OH layer is relatively uniform over the spatial and temporal scales considered. However, a significant trend was found in the bias between SABER and Davis OH of ~0.7 K/year over the 8-year period with SABER becoming warmer compared with the Davis OH temperatures. In contrast, Aura/MLS exhibited a cold bias of 9.9 ± 0.4 K compared with Davis OH, but importantly, the bias remained constant over the 2004–2009 year period examined. The difference in bias behaviour of the two satellites has significant implications for multi-annual and long-term studies using their data.

Antitakeover Provisions and Shareholder Wealth: A Survey of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Straska ◽  
H. Gregory Waller
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

AbstractWe survey theoretical and empirical research on antitakeover provisions, focusing on the relation between antitakeover provisions and shareholder value. We divide the empirical studies based upon the evidence that they provide: short-term event studies, studies on performance and policy changes around adopting antitakeover provisions or passing state antitakeover laws, studies on the impact of antitakeover provisions on takeovers, studies on the relation between antitakeover provisions and firm characteristics, and long-term studies on the relation between antitakeover provisions and firm performance or policies. We also discuss the place of antitakeover provisions in the current debate about “good governance” practices.

scholarly journals The mutational load in natural populations is significantly affected by high primary rates of retroposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. e2013043118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu Zhang ◽  
Chen Xie ◽  
Kristian Ullrich ◽  
Yong E. Zhang ◽  
Diethard Tautz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mutational Load ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Profiling Analysis

Gene retroposition is known to contribute to patterns of gene evolution and adaptations. However, possible negative effects of gene retroposition remain largely unexplored since most previous studies have focused on between-species comparisons where negatively selected copies are mostly not observed, as they are quickly lost from populations. Here, we show for natural house mouse populations that the primary rate of retroposition is orders of magnitude higher than the long-term rate. Comparisons with single-nucleotide polymorphism distribution patterns in the same populations show that most retroposition events are deleterious. Transcriptomic profiling analysis shows that new retroposed copies become easily subject to transcription and have an influence on the expression levels of their parental genes, especially when transcribed in the antisense direction. Our results imply that the impact of retroposition on the mutational load has been highly underestimated in natural populations. This has additional implications for strategies of disease allele detection in humans.

scholarly journals Solving the restructuring problems of (former) old industrial regions with smart specialization? Conceptual thoughts and evidence from the Ruhr

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hassink ◽  
Matthias Kiese
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Entrepreneurial Discovery ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Endogenous Potential ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
Old Industrial Regions

Abstract(Former) old industrial regions are a specific kind of lagging regions that suffer from long-term restructuring problems and deindustrialization. They are back in the focus of many researchers as well as media observers, because of the rise of populist parties in many of these regions in North America and Europe. Therefore, new policy options are discussed in the literature. In this paper, we critically discuss the effects of smart specialization as the most recent regional policy strategy in Europe on solving the restructuring problems and deindustrialization in (former) old industrial regions and we illustrate our analysis with a view on the Ruhr in Germany. Since smart specialization focuses on existing endogenous potential and entrepreneurial discovery processes from the region, vested interests in (former) old industrial regions might hinder necessary restructuring. Although potentially path transformation might be fostered in some cases, overall, smart specialization is certainly not a quick fix for solving long-term negative effects of restructuring and deindustrialization in (former) old industrial regions.

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