DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF THE DAIRY COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Vitalii NITSENKO ◽  
Yuriy I. DANKO
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Starting Point

The aim of the study was to develop theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for achieving the economic sustainability of dairy products by enterprises. The structure of the dairy subcomplex in terms of supply chain management is disclosed. This methodological approach made it possible to outline the external environment of the milk production and the dairy industry as a whole. We consider the category «economic sustainability» as the system ability to maintain its working condition in order to achieve the planned results in the presence of various perturbation effects (destabilizing internal and external factors). The starting point was the hypothesis that the economic sustainability of the dairy subcomplex as a whole depends on the economic sustainability of milk production entities (agricultural enterprises and households). Comparing the profitability level that has the potential to provide dynamic economic stability with the average in the dairy industry proves - without active state support the dairy industry in Ukraine is in danger of phasing out. The analysis of economic practices in Ukraine (in particular, data of the State Statistics Service) allowed to formulate the author's vision of the directions of achieving the dairy sub-sector of the state of dynamic economic stability. They include: the development of industrial dairy cattle as opposed to the dominance of small-scale production; changes in pricing policy, as well as the calculation of government subsidies by reformatting approaches to determining the cost of milk production, which will allow to adjust the reproduction system of own livestock and will increase the profitability of the dairy industry; achievement of higher quality of dairy raw materials by means of logistical re-equipment of farms, improvement of personnel qualification, provision of high sanitary standards, improvement of veterinary services; diversification of milk distribution channels in order to reduce the market power of the processing industry enterprises. Key words: milk production, economic sustainability, dairy subcomplex, industrial cattle breeding, dairy cattle breeding.

WAYS TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Vitalii NITSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Definition Of

The starting point was the statement that providing conditions for sufficient consumption of milk and dairy products by the population of Ukraine is one of the urgent tasks of food security. The issue of overcoming the crisis of milk production, which has been observed in recent years and is manifested in a steady reduction in the volume and number of livestock remains unresolved, which determined the subject and objectives of the study. The purpose of the article is formulated as the definition of the main trends in the activities of milk production enterprises, the development measures to improve their activities efficiency. Its achievement has necessitated the allocation of structural elements of the agricultural complex. The subsectors of the dairy subcomplex, the core of which is represented by dairy cattle, are considered separately. Trends and rates of change has been researched in milk production, livestock, average annual milk yield per cow, the structure of milk production in terms of households and industrial livestock, indicators of profitability of milk production based on the analysis of statistical data. The special attention is paid to the problems of the goat's milk market given the indicators of efficiency and export attractiveness. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: the dominance of the household milk product segment is an obstacle to building an appropriate mechanism for controlling the quality of raw milk; increasing production productivity through mechanization and automation; increasing the economic potential of the dairy industry requires active state regulation through the use of tax regulation tools, tariff and non-tariff levers to increase the products competitiveness without further increase in price; a promising area of development of the dairy sub-sector is the association and cooperation of small producers. Household cooperation has the potential to improve the conditions for the economic interests realization of milk producers by increasing the influence of associations and unions in the market, given the significant price asymmetry. Key words: milk production, economic stability, dairy subcomplex, industrial cattle breeding, dairy cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Foreign experience in the development of dairy cattle and directions of its use in domestic practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
S. Shupyk
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
State Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The article analyzes the support for the US market, where the government has allocated almost $ 22.2 billion for the development of dairy cattle. direct and indirect subsidies to the country's dairy sector (35.02 c/l), which is equivalent to 73% of farmers' milk sales, showed relatively high domestic support, export subsidies, conservation programs, risk management programs, disaster relief programs, loan programs, crop insurance, livestock support. Surveys to support the Indian market, which ranks second in the world in raw milk production (9.5%), have shown that almost 80% of small-scale farmers are small-scale farmers. Milk collection is carried out by 130 thousand dairy cooperatives. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) under DEDS, provides for subsidies of up to 25% of costs. China is investing heavily in the construction of large dairy farms and livestock complexes with up to 100,000 cows. The Australian market produces 9.3 million tonnes of milk, of which 36% is exported and is the world's fourth exporter of dairy products (6% of the world market). Australia's dairy cattle are characterized by a small amount of direct government support. During 2015-2016, agriculture received financial and commercial assistance over $ 147 million. US in the form of payments to farms. It has been established that price forecasting plays an important role in regulating the milk market in Australia, on the basis of which the profile Ministry, taking into account world prices, generates milk price indices. Analysis of milk production in Switzerland has shown that it remains highly subsidized. In 2013, state support for milk producers amounted to CHF 1.8 billion, incl. direct subsidies are estimated at 1.5 billion Swiss francs, which is 61 thousand Swiss francs per dairy farm, or 0.41 Swiss francs per 1 liter of milk. The state support system for dairy cattle in Canada has been found to include the following instruments: import tariffs that restrict dairy imports; minimum guaranteed prices for raw milk that are set at the maximum amount of milk sold to the dairies within the quota; a system of direct payments to farmers for milk production within the quota. The amount of direct payments per 1 liter of milk is set annually by the government. In order to support Canadian producers in technological modernization aimed at improving the efficiency of milk production, a dairy farm investment program (DFIP) is implemented with state support of $ 250 million. USA According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Iceland, Japan, Norway and Switzerland, the level of support for dairy producers exceeds on average 70% of the gross income of farmers, in Canada, the EU, Hungary, Korea and the USA the amount of support is 40-55%. An analysis of the support for the development of dairy cattle in the EU countries showed that the following instruments are allocated for these purposes: production restrictions (milk production quotas); government interventions and storage; Establishment of product sales regulations / regulations; the dairy package (including regulating contractual relations in the dairy sector); foreign trade (import regulations, export subsidies); government subsidies. It is found that the main factor that increases the profitability of dairy production in developed countries is the improvement of quality and differentiation of the range. Major factors contributing to the successful development of dairy cattle are increased government support and economical use of resources. Also used are a set of financial incentives, including reducing the tax burden. Key words: Livestock, milk market, domestic support, development programs, cooperation, financial incentives, subsidies, import tariffs, quotas.

scholarly journals Pluriatividade e agroindústrias rurais no Maranhão: uma análise baseada no censo agropecuário de 2006

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Olena V. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Family Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Processed Products

No artigo, propõe-se a caracterização de algumas agroindústrias rurais no estado do Maranhão, baseada nos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006. Como ponto de partida para a pesquisa, serviu o fato de que as agroindústrias de produtos agropecuários se destacam como principais atividades entre as ocupações pluriativas dos agricultores familiares do estado. A escolha de agroindústrias para análise é fundamentada pela sua importância no sistema de produção agroalimentar e pela maior participação da agricultura familiar nos valores agregados dos produtos processados. Na literatura pesquisada, defende-se a visão de que, no contexto de pluriatividade a diversifcação das atividades, que ocorre por meio de criação de agroindústrias familiares, de pequeno porte e artesanais, pode ser apontada como uma alternativa econômicapara que a agricultura familiar possa permanecer e desenvolver-se em paralelo com as agroindústrias de grande escala e, assim, contribuir para a construção de um novo modelo de desenvolvimento dentro do qual o rural seja pensado como um todo, e não mais apenas ligado à produção agrícola.Palavras-chave: Pluriatividade. Agroindústrias. Agricultura familiar. Censo agropecuário 2006. PLURIACTIVITY AND RURAL AGROINDUSTRIES IN MARANHÃO: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE 2006 AGRICULTURAL CENSUSAbstractThe article proposes the characterization of some rural agroindustries in the state of Maranhão based on data from the 2006 Agricultural Census. As a starting point for the research served the fact that agroindustries of agricultural products stand out as the main activities among the pluriactive occupations of the family farmers of the State. The choice of agroindustries for analysis is based on their importance in the agro-food production system and the greater participation of family agriculture in the aggregated values of processed products. In the researched literature, it is defended the view that, in the context of pluriactivity, the diversification of activities that occurs through the creation of small family and artisanal agroindustries, can be pointed out as an economic alternative so that family agriculture can remain and developin parallel to the large-scale production and thus contribute to the construction of a new model of development in which the rural is thought as a whole and no longer only linked to agricultural production.Keywords: Pluriactivity. Agroindustries. Family farming. 2006 Agricultural census. 

Crafts Traders versus the State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dillon Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter traces the development of Kenya’s tourism and handicraft industries from their roots in 20th century British colonialism to provide some of the broader history of Kenya’s tourism and co-operative development, their emergence in Mombasa, and their relationships with local governments. I draw on archival as well as ethnographic data collected just before the 2002 demolition of Mombasa’s roadside kiosks, which form the starting point for the larger longitudinal study. I focus on the array of experiences of Mombasa’s roadside traders of diverse backgrounds as they struggle with the privatization and segregation of urban residential and commercial space both before and after the demolitions. The economy was radically altered as the roadsides were “cleaned” and a new wave of economic formalization characterized the relationship between small-scale businesspeople and the state. For many entrepreneurs invested in the global crafts trade, this was the final straw that pushed them toward new technologies, jumping scales into global markets, and investing in export and wholesale businesses that were not spatially dependent upon a connection to the city center.

scholarly journals Correlations between Environmental Factors and Milk Production of Holstein Cows

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Mylostyvyi ◽  
Olexandr Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The State ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Humidity Index

Global climate change is a challenge for dairy farming. In this regard, identifying reliable correlations between environmental parameters and animals’ physiological responses is a starting point for the mathematical modeling of their effects on the future welfare and milk production of cows. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between environmental parameters and the milk production of cows in hot period. Archival data from the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center were used to study the state of insolation conditions (IC), wind direction (WD), wind strength (WS), air temperature (AT), and relative humidity (RH). The temperature–humidity index (THI) (Kibler, 1964) and temperature–humidity index in the hangar-type cowshed (THICHT) (Mylostyvyi et al., 2019) served as integral indicators of the state of the cowshed’s microclimate. The daily milk yield (DMY), yield of milk fat (MF) and milk protein (MP), and percentage of milk fat (PMF) and protein (PMP) were taken into account by the DairyComp 305 herd management system (VAS, USA). Statistical data processing was performed using the mathematical functions of Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Inc.) and Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc.). There was a weak correlation between IC and DMY at r = −0.2, between RH and DMY at r = +0.4, and between RH and MF at r = +0.2. Between DMY, MF, MP, and WS made up r = –0.2 to 0.4. Between DMY, MF, MP, and AT made up r = −0.2 to 0.5 (p < 0.05). The effects of weather factors on animal productivity will be the subject of further research.

scholarly journals Problems of early culling of cows in breeding stocks for milk production

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-392
Author(s):  
Predrag Perisic ◽  
Renata Relic ◽  
Cvijan Mekic ◽  
Stefan Stepic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Goals ◽  
Specific Technology

A common problem of dairy cattle in all production systems and production directions is their reduced production life and therefore their reduced lifetime span. Among the main reasons of dairy cattle premature culling the problems related to reproduction, udder and legs are prevailing. The order of these reasons according to their significance is not the same in all dairy cattle populations and depends on production direction, level of production and specific technology of cattle breeding. There are also other reasons of culling but these three groups are the main ones. Due to frequency of their incidence, as well as economic damage which they can cause in dairy cattle production, today they must be taken into account when defining breeding goals for certain breeds and populations of cattle.

scholarly journals Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling milk production in dairy cattle by exploiting progeny testing.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Georges ◽  
D Nielsen ◽  
M Mackinnon ◽  
A Mishra ◽  
R Okimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Autosomal Microsatellites

Abstract We have exploited "progeny testing" to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the genetic variation of milk production in a selected dairy cattle population. A total of 1,518 sires, with progeny tests based on the milking performances of &gt; 150,000 daughters jointly, was genotyped for 159 autosomal microsatellites bracketing 1645 centimorgan or approximately two thirds of the bovine genome. Using a maximum likelihood multilocus linkage analysis accounting for variance heterogeneity of the phenotypes, we identified five chromosomes giving very strong evidence (LOD score &gt; or = 3) for the presence of a QTL controlling milk production: chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10 and 20. These findings demonstrate that loci with considerable effects on milk production are still segregating in highly selected populations and pave the way toward marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle breeding.

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE YAROSLAVL REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
А.В. КОНОВАЛОВ ◽  
А.А. АЛЕКСЕЕВ ◽  
М.В. АБРАМОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Рассмотрена динамика производства молока в сельскохозяйственных организациях Ярославской области с 2015 по 2019 год. Проведено разделение на группы предприятий по надою молока от 1 коровы. Рассмотрены проблемы малых и средних ферм. Выявлен устойчивый рост валового надоя молока. В 2019 году он составил 292 тыс. т (+16,8% к уровню 2015 г.), что обусловлено увеличением среднегодового надоя на 1 корову до 6967 кг. Наибольший рост продуктивности отмечен в группе хозяйств с надоем от 6001 до 8000 кг (29,4%), что определено комплексным подходом к совершенствованию ведения молочного скотоводства и укреплением кормовой базы. Выявлена положительная тенденция увеличения доли вегетативных траншейных кормов I и II класса, которая в 2019 году составила 66% и возросла на 20 п.п. по сравнению с 2015 годом. Анализ породного состава молочного скота в регионе показал увеличение доли высокопродуктивных пород в племенных хозяйствах с 16,5% в 2015 году до 26,0% в 2019 году. Интенсивное использование животных приводит к ранней выбраковке коров в возрасте 3,07 отела и снижению среднего возраста стад до 2,43 отела. Дальнейший рост производства молока в регионе возможен при решении комплекса задач по оптимизации породного состава молочного скота, совершенствованию производственных систем в малых и средних сельскохозяйственных предприятиях, повышению уровня кормления и улучшению условий содержания скота. The dynamics of milk production in agricultural organizations of the Yaroslavl region in the period from 2015 to 2019 is considered, the grouping of enterprises by milk yield is carried out, the problems of small and medium-sized farms are emphasized, a steady increase of milk production was revealed, which in 2019 amounted to 292 thousand tons (+16.8% compared to 2015), which is due to an increase in the average annual milk yield per cow to 6967 kg. The greatest increase in productivity was observed in the group of farms with milk yield from 6001 to 8000 kg (+29.37%). This is determined by a comprehensive approach to improving the management of dairy cattle and strengthening the feed base. During the study period, a positive trend was revealed to increase the share of vegetative feeds of class I and II quality, which in 2019 amounted to 66% and increased by 20 p.p. compared to 2015. Analysis of the breed composition of dairy cattle in the region showed an increase in the share of highly productive breeds in breeding farms from 16.5% in 2015 to 26.0% in 2019. At the same time, intensive use of animals leads to an earlier cull of cows at the age of 3.07 calving and a decrease in the average age of herds by 6.5%, which is 2.43 calving. Further growth of milk production in the region is possible when solving a set of tasks to optimize the breed composition of dairy cattle, improve production systems, in small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, increase the level of feeding and improve the conditions of keeping livestock.

The development potential of Russian cattle breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Chinarov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lost Potential

Production intensification at Russian cattle breeding was accompanied by negative trends in herd reproduction. Over a ten-year period, the productivity of the controlled dairy herd (more than 1.6 million heads) increased by 51.9%, and the average age of cows culling decreased from 5.3 to 4.6 years, which was the result of reduction in the period of animals productive use by 18.1%. Ignoring these objective processes and the lack of due attention to the breeding of cattle breeds with a higher productive longevity has led to the fact that at many herds of our country even simple reproduction is not provided. Repairing of the main herd is largely provided by purchased heifers, most of which are imported. The annual import volumes of breeding heifers increased by 81% and reached 72.6 thousand heads in 2019. At the same time, the import of bull semen is increasing, mainly (93.5%) of the Holstein breed from the USA, where the breeding with a limited number of bulls has been carried out for several decades, which is a consequence of the genetic weakening of the offspring and becomes the main cause of early cows culling. As a result, the number of cows at Russian dairy cattle breeding has decreased by 33.9% for ten years, the productivity at all categories of farms has increased only by 24.2% that led to reduction of milk production by 555 thousand tons. This process has not yet become irreversible, and the restoration of the lost potential at domestic cattle breeding is possible due to development of the breeding base of zoned cattle breeds.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES: EXPERIENCE OF DAIRY FARMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1599
Author(s):  
G.U. Akimbekova ◽  
◽  
A.B. Baimukhanov ◽  
U.R. Kaskabaev ◽  
D.V. Serdobintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the economic efficiency of the use of innovative technologies in dairy farms, in particular, the technology of keeping calves on the example of three dairy farms containing 1000 or more dairy cows (AIC “Adal” JSC, Aidarbayev farm, LLP “Agrofirm“ Dinara-Ranch “of the Almaty region), which made it possible to determine the development potential of these farms, to give an economic assessment of the level of production. The presented calculation of the economic efficiency of model farms for the dairy industry of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan made it possible to ensure a reasonable transfer and adaptation of technologies for the automation of technological processes for the production of livestock products in dairy cattle breeding in Kazakhstan, which will contribute to the achievement of goals, objectives and indicators as part of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021 Reducing the volume of milk production and the level of its consumption is a technological backwardness, since the share of dairy farms using modern technologies and equipment is 10-15% of their total number. In addition, the equipment of new and reconstructed dairy complexes and farms does not always correspond to modern technological requirements for keeping and feeding highly productive livestock. As a result, their biological potential is far from being fully realized, which negatively affects the provision of the population with milk and dairy products of domestic production. Taking into account the long duration of the reproduction cycle and the low rate of capital turnover in dairy cattle breeding, the introduction of innovations occurs in the sub-industry with some delay compared to other sub-sectors (pig and poultry farming). One of the tools for modernizing dairy farming in the current conditions is the introduction of modern digital, information and intelligent technologies (artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and the industrial Internet). Their implementation can turn milk production into a high-tech business, increase labor productivity due to the emergence of super-productive animal breeds, solutions for accelerated selection; high quality feed and veterinary drugs; innovative delivery services.

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